Ore and Energy Resource Geology最新文献

{"title":"Coupling reservoir depletion and geomechanics to assess risks during post-blowout well capping: Case study on Macondo","authors":"Andreas Michael,&nbsp;Abdelhakim Khouissat","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2024.100068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2024.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reservoir depletion can be consequential to wellbore integrity after a blowout, especially offshore. A prolonged post-blowout discharge extends reservoir depletion. “Underground blowouts” (tensile-fracture initiations) occurring after well capping, or shear-driven slow slippage of naturally-occurring pre-existing faults (PEFs) in the near-well vicinity, can compromise post-blowout wellbore integrity. Upward propagation of the initiated tensile fractures may trigger seafloor broaching by reservoir hydrocarbons.</div><div>This study examines reservoir depletion analytically, evaluating associated geomechanical implications on the <em>in-situ</em> reservoir conditions and assessing the likelihood of tensile-fracture initiation (oriented longitudinally or transversely-to-the-wellbore) during post-blowout-well-capping operations, in addition to shear-driven slow slippage along PEFs in the near-well vicinity. A set of calculational procedures and thinking sequences are presented, necessary for encompassing the primary effects of post-blowout reservoir depletion on the <em>in-situ</em> stress state and the limits of tensile and shear failures that could aid in the appropriate blowout-contingency decision-making.</div><div>Our novel, physics-based scheme (analytical-coupling approach) is applied to parameters from the MC 252–1 “Macondo Well” blowout from April 20, 2010 and the targeted M56 oil reservoir in deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GoM). The reservoir rock is modeled as a porous-permeable medium, considering fluid infiltration to-and-from the pressurized wellbore. The likelihood of an underground blowout correlates with the shut-in wellbore pressure buildup, after successful well capping.</div><div>Elevated reservoir depletion via higher post-blowout-discharge flowrates and longer post-blowout-discharge periods (in terms of time duration) are shown to reduce the shut-in wellbore pressure buildup against time following well capping. The “critical discharge flowrate,” an established predictive indicator for underground blowouts following shut-in of an installed subsea-capping stack (SCS) is employed, using data from the post-blowout-discharge period, suggesting underground blowouts to be highly-unlikely for the set of parameters assessed. Finally, the Mohr-Coulomb criterion indicates that shear-driven slow slippage along PEFs in the near-well vicinity is also unlikely, considering the Macondo Well's bottomhole-wellbore-pressure history in the aftermath of the blowout.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical vectors for targeting hydrothermal gold mineralization in the Damang area, southwestern Ghana: Constraints from petrography, multi-element geochemistry and multivariate statistical analysis","authors":"Emmanuel Daanoba Sunkari ,&nbsp;Arnold Nuru Gan ,&nbsp;Etornam Bani Fiadonu","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2024.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2024.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Damang Gold Mine in southwestern Ghana sits on two kinds of mineralization: the Tarkwaian paleoplacer and a hydrothermal type found within the Tarkwaian Group's meta-sedimentary rocks. Geochemical vectors related to the hydrothermal gold mineralization in the area are not well known. Therefore, this research was conducted to identify pathfinders for hydrothermal gold mineralization in the Damang area. A total of fifty (50) rock samples were collected from three diamond drill holes focusing on mineralized zones of the holes. The mineralogy of the host rocks was established using petrographic studies of twelve (12) selected representative drill core samples. Multi-element geochemical analysis of the host rocks (<em>n</em> = 50) involving Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique was conducted to quantify the trace element concentrations in the host rocks. The multi-element geochemical data was analyzed using multivariate statistics. The petrographic studies showed the abundance of quartz, biotite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sericite, and minor amounts of feldspars (plagioclase and orthoclase). Al, Mg, Fe, and Ca dominated the geochemical data. The highest Au concentrations were found in Birimian quartz veins and the intrusive lithologies compared to the other lithologies in the region. Most of the data failed the Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. The deviations from normality were shown graphically by Q-Q plots. The centered log-ratio transformation was used to correct this, and the data tested again for normality. Spearman rank correlation showed a positive correlation between Te, Bi, U, Ba, Ag, and Au. When hierarchical cluster analysis was run, three clusters emerged with Au in the same cluster with Te, Ag, and Bi. Factor analysis served as a confirmatory test with Au in the same factor with Bi, Ag, and Te. Datamine Studio RM was used to create drillhole logs showing the anomalies of the three elements and Au with different lithologies downhole, which showed a similitude in the abnormal occurrences. Therefore, hydrothermal gold mineralization in the Damang area is related to Bi-Te-Ag-Au multi-element association.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of soil heavy metal content around mine tailings using multiple methods combined with transformed hyperspectral reflectance data","authors":"Chunyu Xiang ,&nbsp;Huxuan Xiao ,&nbsp;Fakun He ,&nbsp;Zhanpeng Dai ,&nbsp;Wenbin Huang ,&nbsp;Bowei Zhu ,&nbsp;Shibin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2024.100072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2024.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive accumulation of tailings can potentially cause heavy metal contamination in the surrounding farmland soil. Accurately predicting the spatial distribution of heavy metals in farmland soil is crucial for assessing the potential environmental hazards of tailings.This study focuses on the spatial distribution and the quantitative prediction of heavy metals (chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), and copper (Cu)) in soils surrounding mine tailings using advanced spectral data analysis and multiple prediction models. The original hyperspectral reflectance data were processed using first-order differential (FD), second-order differential (SD), reciprocal logarithmic (LR), and continuum removal (CR) transformations to highlight the positions of characteristic bands. Multiple linear regression (MLR), stepwise linear regression (SLR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest (RF), and back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) models were used to establish inversion models for Cr, V, and Cu based on bands with high correlation coefficients. The performance of the inversion models was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (<em>R²</em>), root mean square error (<em>RMSE</em>), mean absolute error <em>(MAE</em>), and residual predictive deviation (<em>RPD</em>). The results indicate that the raw hyperspectral data from the measured soil exhibit a weak response to heavy metal content in the study area. However, applying FD, SD, and CR transformations significantly enhances the sensitivity of soil spectral data to heavy metal concentrations, facilitating subsequent modeling. Among these, the SD transformation is particularly beneficial for modeling the Cr and Cu elements in the soil. For the V element, the FD transformation yields data that are more suitable for modeling. Regarding the inversion models based on the measured spectral data, the BP-ANN model exhibited the best predictive performance. Specifically, when combined with SD spectral data, the BP-ANN achieved the highest predictive accuracy for Cu content (<em>R²</em> = 0.85, <em>RPD</em> = 2.12). The RF model demonstrated the next best performance, with its optimal inversion model also utilizing SD spectral data for predicting Cu content (<em>R² = 0.76, RPD</em> = 1.90). On the other hand, the MLR model exhibited the poorest performance and is unsuitable for predicting heavy metal content in the region using the measured spectral data. This study highlights the potential of spectral data in environmental monitoring and provides a technical reference for the inversion assessment and regulation of heavy metals in farmlands surrounding tailing sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Geology and petrography of the volcanic rocks in the Yakhab area, central Iran” [Ore and Energy Resource Geology (2021)100016]","authors":"Kaveh Pazand ,&nbsp;Asghar Ghasemi Bersiani ,&nbsp;Hassan Mohammadnezhad","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2024.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2024.100070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lead and Barium strata-bound deposits in eocene carbonate ramps of Iran: Implications for the influence of sedimentary environment characteristics on the distribution of Ore reserves","authors":"Hadi Veysi ,&nbsp;Saeid Jamshidi Taghabi ,&nbsp;Meysam Babaiy ,&nbsp;Mehdi Tafazoli","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2024.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2024.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the case of ore deposits that are formed in marine environments, including kuroko deposits, the effect of paleo-sedimentary environment parameters and microfacies changes is very important, but it is often neglected in economic geological research. These factors determine the dispersion and concentration of ore horizons in an ore deposit area, and recognition them leads us to the localization of high concentration ore horizons.</div><div>In this regard, lead and barite ore deposit area in the southeastern of Tafresh city (the border of Markazi and Qom provinces, Iran) was investigated. This ore deposit is of the kuroko type and is of the early to middle Eocene epoch (Ypresian-Lutetian ages) and was formed in a relatively deep ancient carbonate ramp. Investigating the concentration of different minerals and ore minerals in the mentioned ore deposit area using by remote sensing techniques indicates that the distribution of minerals and ore minerals is non-uniform with a noteworthy correlation unto the carbonate ramp microfacies in the southeastern of Tafresh. The scrutiny of microfacies characteristics and paleo-sedimentary environment showed that the distance from hydrothermal smokers, the action of different seawaves, sedimentological changes, structural features and initial morphology of microfacies have a remarkable impressiveness in the dispersion of ore reserves and the formation of horizons with a high concentration of ore.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological and biostratigraphical factors in hydrocarbon recovery optimization using integrated seismic, petrophysical, and core data, Niger Delta","authors":"Samuel Obomheile Salufu ,&nbsp;Kesyton Oyamenda Ozegin ,&nbsp;Charles Chibueze Ugbor ,&nbsp;Sunday O. Isehunwa ,&nbsp;Emmanuel O. Salufu ,&nbsp;Daniel Osezua Aikhuele","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2024.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2024.100069","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study of geologic heterogeneities (the quality of reservoir rock according to its spatial variation in properties such as grain size, mineralogy, organic content, fossil content, and natural fracture) and their impact on recovery factors, optimization, and performance of injection fluids in concurrent development (production of both oil and gas at the same time) of oil rim reservoirs (reservoirs with a thin oil column that is overlain with a large gas cap) has become necessary to explore the role of geological and biostratigraphical heterogeneity in optimizing hydrocarbon recovery from oil rim reservoirs in the Niger Delta using integrated seismic, petrophysical, and core data. This is to achieve optimum hydrocarbon recovery instead of relying only on development strategies, which is usually the practice and thus fails. Petrel and Eclipse software were used to simulate the static and dynamic models, respectively, for three oil rim reservoirs, using data (seismic, petrophysical, core, and reservoir data) from a green field in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, for concurrent development under the natural depletion (base case), surfactant enhanced-water-alternating-gas (SeWAG), and water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection options. In each option, two scenarios of injection well positions were simulated: gas-oil contact (GOC) and oil-water contact (OWC). Geological studies showed that Reservoir 1 is a heterolith facies of lower-shoreface deposits with traces of Ophiomorpha burrows, Reservoir 2 is a channel facies of lower shoreface deposits with Ophiomorpha burrows, and Reservoir 3 is a heterolith facies of upper shoreface without vertical burrows. When SeWAG of ratio 1:4:2 was injected at OWC, the highest oil recovery factor was observed compared to other options, and injection at GOC gave the highest gas recovery factor. Permeability anisotropy (Kv/Kh) for reservoirs 1 and 2, with Ophiomorpha burrows being considered, was 0.32 and 0.34, respectively. High recovery factors for both oil and gas were recorded. However, the model of the same reservoir without Ophiomorpha burrows gave reduced values of Kv/Kh of 0.12 and 0.15, respectively, with reduced recovery factors. Reservoir 3, which doesn't have burrows in the initial model, has a Kv/Kh value of 0.11 with low recovery factors in various development cases. However, when Ophiomorpha burrows were integrated into the model, Kv/Kh was 0.31, and the recovery factors increased significantly. The study has shown that geological and biostratigraphical interactions induce Kv/Kh. It has a significant optimization impact on recovery factors in concurrent development and enhances vertical sweep efficiency in EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery). The study further shows that &lt;em&gt;Ophiomorpha&lt;/em&gt; burrows improve the geologic heterogeneity quality of a reservoir (permeability anisotropy) by enhancing the injection fluid to get into micro- and macropore spaces for efficient sweeping of oil and gas into the development w","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molybdenum fertility indicators, granite zircon chemistry, and U-Pb geochronology of the Manjo pluton, southwestern Cameroon","authors":"Ngambu Aloysius Afahnwie ,&nbsp;Ralain Bryan Ngatcha ,&nbsp;Gus Nono Kouankap Djibril ,&nbsp;Cheo Emmanuel Suh","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2024.100074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2024.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to an increasing interest in mineral prospection, Manjo granites which are orogenic have been studied in terms of the geochemistry of whole rock and isotopes of interest found in the associated zircons. This was done to define and situate these rock unit within the context of the regional belt that is Pan African in age, establish the source of Manjo granites and their evolution during the Pan-African orogeny. More so, this study sheds more light on the controversy around the orogenic statues of granites in this section of the geological region, examines their potential for hosting molybdenum, establishes their link with other rocks within this part of the region and how they relate to the Mo-U-bearing biotite-granite in its Ekomedion neighborhood. Sixty-six zircon grains gotten from the granites and their trace elements and Lu-Hf isotopic signatures were examined. The zircon grains' ages were gotten by mass spectrometric method using the U-Pb systematics by laser ablation.The zircons ratios of U to Th varry between 0.2–2.3 relating to sources that are originally magmatic and totally different from those related to souces related to hydrothermalism and metamorphism. The granites were emplaced within the 585±17–616±12 Ma age bracket. Zircons in this study similar to the nearby Ekomedion U-Mo-bearing two mica granites and other felsic massifs found within the shear zones of central Africa (CASC)point to the fact that the Manjo granites were formed at low oxygen fugacity (log ƒO₂; -15.848 to -4.515, and log ƒO₂@FMQ; -17.409 to -3.677). More so, samples plot mainly outside the defined fertile fields on plots of Eu/Eu* Vs (Ce/Nd)/Y, 10000 × (Eu/Eu*)/Y Vs (Ce/Nd)/Y and Eu/Eu* Vs Dy/Yb. The above points support dominantly plagioclase fractionation in a reduced and less hydrous melt system pointing to a low Mo fertility potential of this pluton emplaced at an average Ti-in-zircon temperature of 861± 56°C. The apparent εHf(<em>t</em>) values for CMR-01 zircon grains range between -15.84 and -1.45 and apparent εHf_(t) values for CMR-02 zircon grains vary from -25.02 to -12.39. On spidergraphs, the grainites are depleted in HREE and enriched in LREE . These plots together with εHf_(t) values and other indications point to the fact that the granites were derived through partial melting of quartzo-feldspathic crustal magmatic sources. More so, the data showing a new age here show clear signs of post collisional Pan-African magmatism at ∼ 585±17 Ma in the context of a pre-drift Gondwana evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry of the sandstone of Mallawa Formation in the Southern arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia: Implications for provenance and tectonic setting","authors":"Safruddim,&nbsp;A.M. Imran,&nbsp;Ulva Ria Irfan,&nbsp;Meutia Farida","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the geochemical analysis of sedimentary rocks from the Mallawa Formation in the southern arm of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It aims to provide comprehensive and unprecedented research results on the Mallawa Formation sandstones through geochemical analysis, which has not been conducted previously. By analyzing twelve sedimentary rock samples collected from three locations—Bone, Maros, and Pangkep Regencies, the study seeks to explore provenance, source rocks, and tectonic settings by analyzing major elements, REE, and trace elements. The results indicate that SiO₂ is the most abundant component, reflecting the presence of detrital quartz, chert, feldspar fragments, and other mineral contents. The rocks are classified as sandstones with fine to coarse grains, ranging from wacke to quartz arenite. Based on various discrimination diagrams, the sandstones are associated with a passive margin transitioning into an active margin. The provenance of these sandstones originates from siliceous-clastic rocks and intermediate to felsic igneous rocks. These findings align with the paleogeography of South Sulawesi and provide new insights into the evolution of the Mallawa Formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Siliciclastic Reservoir Quality Model, a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis approach for reservoir quality evaluation in the ‘OS’ field Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Ayodele O. Falade ,&nbsp;Olubola Abiola ,&nbsp;John O. Amigun","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) model, the Siliciclastic Reservoir Quality Model (SRQM), for evaluating and ranking reservoirs in oilfields. The SRQM model integrates key reservoir properties, including net pay-to-gross ratio, porosity, water saturation, and shale content, to generate a comprehensive Reservoir Quality Index. The model was applied to the 'OS' field in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, and compared to the conventional Reservoir Quality Index (RQI) approach. The results show a weak negative correlation between the two methods (-0.05764), highlighting their complementary nature. The SRQM model offers a more comprehensive evaluation by incorporating both reservoir rock architecture (porosity and Vsh) and crucial fluid content (Sw and NTG), unlike RQI which focuses solely on rock architecture. SRQM revealed reservoirs 1 and 2 in well OS-5 as the highest quality reservoirs, with an SRQM index of 0.75 and RQI values exceeding 300. Furthermore, the SRQM model revealed variations within other reservoirs. For example, Reservoir 2 in well OS-1, identified as having excellent quality using SRQM, had a relatively low RQI due to its relatively low permeability. This indicates a trade-off between potentially larger hydrocarbon volumes and reduced porosity and permeability. While Reservoirs 1 and 2 have average RQI values of 225.27 and 227.57, indicating excellent quality compared to Reservoir 3 with an average RQI of 99.99, the SRQM ratings reveal a different ranking, with Reservoir 2 (SRQM index: 1.25) and Reservoir 3 (SRQM index: 1.8) considered higher quality than Reservoir 1 (SRQM index: 2.55). This study demonstrates SRQM's ability to consider multiple factors and provide a more robust approach to evaluating reservoir quality. This approach offers a significant improvement over conventional RQI methods, aiding in optimized reservoir development strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of Na+ and Ca2+ ion effects on the physical-chemical properties of Bentonite: Implications for industrial applications","authors":"Hanane Ait Hmeid ,&nbsp;Mustapha Akodad ,&nbsp;Mouhssin El Halim ,&nbsp;Fatima Ezzahra Omdi ,&nbsp;Mourad Baghour ,&nbsp;Ali Skalli ,&nbsp;Chaouki Sadik ,&nbsp;Hicham Gueddari ,&nbsp;Mohamed Chahban ,&nbsp;Yassine El Yousfi ,&nbsp;Mohamed Abioui ,&nbsp;Lahcen Daoudi","doi":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential industrial applications of two types of bentonite - Calcium Bentonite (Ca-B) and Sodium Bentonite (Na-B) <strong>-</strong> from the Kert Basin in northern Morocco. The bentonite samples' structural characteristics, inclusions, and microcracks were examined using scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis of both the whole rock and clay fractions was conducted to determine the bentonite type and mineralogical composition. The chemical composition was assessed through X-ray fluorescence<strong>.</strong> The physico-chemical properties analyzed included cation exchange capacity, swelling index, colloidality index, water content, and pH. The plasticity index and liquid limit were determined using Atterberg limits tests. The results indicate that sodium bentonite exhibits superior absorption and plasticity compared to calcium bentonite, with a higher cation exchange capacity, particularly after activation. The analyzed bentonites contain high amounts of iron and silica, with moderate levels of calcium and aluminum. Quartz, feldspars, and clay minerals were identified in all samples, with smectite being the dominant clay mineral phase (80 %), along with traces of kaolinite, illite, and interstratified illite-smectite. These bentonites generally display high plasticity, making them well-suited for hydraulic drilling applications. Additionally, their low organic matter and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content may indicate mechanical strength, water sensitivity, and purity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100993,"journal":{"name":"Ore and Energy Resource Geology","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}