Oil and Chemical Pollution最新文献

{"title":"Removal and recovery of priority pollutant phenols from industrial effluents using polyurethane foam medium","authors":"Y. Anjaneyulu,&nbsp;R. Marayya,&nbsp;R. Prabhakara Rao,&nbsp;P.V.S. Kumar","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80049-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80049-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The application of flexible polyurethane (PU) foam for the removal and recovery of priority pollutant phenols, such as phenol, anisole, guaiacol, 2,3-dimethyl, 2,4-dimethyl, 2,5-dimethyl, 2,6-dimethyl, 3,4-dimethyl, 3,5-dimethyl phenols, 1,2-dihydroxy benzene (Catechol), 1,3-dihydroxy benzene (Resorcinol), 1,2,3-trihydroxy benzene (Pyrocatechol) and 1,3,5-trihydroxy benzene (Phloroglucinol) and their mixtures, from dilute aqueous solutions was investigated. The effect of various parameters on the absorption of phenols by PUfoam was examined. Maximum absorption can be achieved at a flow rate of I ml/min in the range pH 3–9, which is marginally increased as the temperature of the effluent variesfrom 30 to 60°C. As phenol concentration is increased, though the total quantity of phenol absorbed increases, the percentage absorption decreases. It is also observed that at low concentrations of some phenols, satisfactory extraction can be achieved even with increasing volumes of aqueous phase. Based on the extraction data, an extraction mechanism was proposed. Model schemes for the removal and recovery of phenols from industrial effluents (10–100 kl), both by dynamic and static methods, are proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 349-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80049-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76658814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of new oil-based drill-muds in sediments on the settlement and development of biota in an improved tank test","authors":"R.A.A. Blackman,&nbsp;R.J. Law,&nbsp;J.E. Thain","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80026-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80026-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous long-term tank experiments on the effects of oil-based drill-muds in sediments on the settlement and development of biota (<span>Blackman, et al, 1983</span>, <span>Blackman, et al, 1988</span>) are suspected to have suffered from container effects, reducing interstitial water exchange and promoting anaerobiosis. To counteract this, a system has been developed which allows vertical movement of a small proportion of the water entering the tank through the experimental sediments and substrate. An experiment lasting 130 days, with this system showed less evidence of anaerobiosis and confirmed results from previous experiments that there are differences in effect between diesel-based mud and alternative-based muds. A new type of alternative mud formulation, using an oil-in-water emulsion with a much lower base-oil content, was also tested and found to be intermediate in behaviour and effect between the control and conventional muds. To distinguish between toxic effects and those of organic enrichment, the control tank was treated with an artificial drill-mud formulated on medicinal, liquid paraffin. This developed a faunal assemblage different from that in other experimental tanks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"5 5","pages":"Pages 365-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80026-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73067233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil pollution and polychaeta in an estuarine mangrove community","authors":"É. Dutrieux, F. Martin, O. Guélorget","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80014-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80014-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"91 1","pages":"239-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79346879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil and chemical pollution","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80006-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80006-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80006-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136845832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The physical fates component of the natural resource damage assessment model system","authors":"Mark Reed","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80009-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80009-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper describes the details of the physical fates submodel of a natural resource damage assessment model system for marine and coastal areas. The submodel computes the dynamic distribution of a spilled substance in three spatial dimensions using a combination of analytic and discrete numerical representations. The user inputs information to characterize the spill and the environment. The submodel then draws additional parameters from a chemical database, and proceeds to compute the dynamic distribution of the spilled substance in the environment. The results of the computations are shown on the computer terminal, and are written to an output file for subsequent input to the biological submodel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 99-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80009-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88829204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A coastal zone oil spill model: Development and sensitivity studies","authors":"Mark Reed ,&nbsp;Erich Gundlach ,&nbsp;Timothy Kana","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80019-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80019-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oil spill trajectory and fates models typically follow a surface slick until it contacts a coastline, at which time the simulation ceases. The coastal zone oil spill (COZOIL) model described here is designed to simulate oil spill fates both before and after a coastal contact. Multiple discrete batches of oil (spillets) are used to represent the surface slick. Spillets are circular while offshore but become elliptical upon contact with the shoreline. Onshore-offshore foreshortening is governed by a balance between wind stress and gravity spreading forces, and results in alongshore spreading of the spillet. Evaporated hydrocarbons are accumulated from all sources during the simulation, with no spatial representation. Entrained oil offshore is represented by discrete particles which maybe advected by the local currents. Inside the surf zone, entrained oil takes on a continuous representation, discretized within individual alongshore grid cells. Transport in the surf zone is governed by a classical radiation stress formulation. Incorporation of water into surface oil (emulsification) is simulated offshore. De-emulsification (de-watering) is allowed to occur for oil which is on the foreshore or backshore. Oil coming ashore may be deposited on the foreshore or the backshore, or carried into coastal indentations (lagoons, ponds, or fjords). Each of the seven shoreline types represented in COZOIL is characterized by a unique set of parameters, including grain size, porosity, and a maximum oil thickness which the foreshore can retain. Oil on the foreshore penetrates into the underlying sediments at a rate dependent on sediment grain size and oil viscosity. Oil may also be carried into the beach groundwater system by wave overwash. Reflotation of surface oil occurs during rising tides. The model is inherently deterministic with respect to results of any single simulation. Stochastic oil distribution estimates are produced by combining the results of multiple simulations, each of which may be driven by a separate weather scenario.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 411-449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80019-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78294684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marina developments as sources of hydrocarbon inputs to estuaries","authors":"A.P. Bianchi,&nbsp;C.A. Bianchi,&nbsp;M.S. Varney","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80021-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80021-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The intense development of marinas, especially within estuaries on the coastline of southern England, has led to major inputs of potentially toxic organic compounds. During a research programme on the occurrence, transport and fate of volatile organic compounds within the estuarine water and sediments of Southampton Water, we discovered massive inputs of hydrocarbons, both during and after construction phases. In one instance, measurements made before development and at 3-monthly intervals over a 3-year period showed a 10-fold increase of a range of aromatics, alkanes cycloalkanes and organohalogens. Our investigations show that, during construction phases, the local aquatic environment becomes a major sink for anthropogenic wastes relating to construction activities. At post-construction phases, yachts and small boats continue to act as major sources of hydrocarbons to the estuary.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 477-488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80021-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78468558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of chronic oil pollution in a shallow sub-tropical marine environment","authors":"Olof Linden,&nbsp;Ulf Larsson,&nbsp;Zahra Sadiq Al-Alawi","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80005-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80005-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A study of the marine environment off a major oil refinery in the Arabian/ Persian Gulf was carried out in 1986. The study covers an area of some 100 km² and abundance and biomass of benthic fauna as well as oil content of sediments and bivalves were investigated. In addition some physicochemical parameters of water and sediments were measured. The distribution of the fauna corresponds well with the concentrations of oil in the sediment, and an area of 1 km² was considered severely contaminated while about 10 km² was moderately contaminated. This is a considerably smaller area than that found to be contaminated in a similar study in 1981, 5 years earlier. The reason for this is probably decreased quantities of petroleum hydrocarbons released via the effluent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 65-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80005-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72870871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of experimental spills of natural gas condensate on three plant communities on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada","authors":"Z. Lucas, B. Freedman","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80015-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80015-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"22 1","pages":"263-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85367898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The economic damages component of the natural resource damage assessment model system","authors":"Thomas A. Grigalunas,&nbsp;James J. Opaluch,&nbsp;Timothy J. Tyrrell","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80012-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80012-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper discusses the economic damages submodel of the natural resource damage assessment model for coastal and marine environments (NRDAM/CME). The economic damages submodel uses the output of the biological effects submodel and information provided by the user to measure damages, which are defined as the in-situ lost use value of the injuries to the specific categories of publicly controlled natural resources included in the model. Damages are measured for injuries to (1) lower trophic biota, (2) commercial and recreational fisheries, (3) waterfowl, shorebirds and seabirds, (4) marine mammals (fur seals) and (5) public beaches. The measurement of damages includes those resulting from short-term, long-term, direct and indirect injuries to natural resources. The paper develops the concepts underlying the measurement of damages and explains the data sources and methodology used to implement the economics submodel. Example applications of use of the economics component to generate pollution damage functions are presented in a companion paper in this issue.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 195-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(89)80012-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90264963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}