Oil and Chemical Pollution最新文献

{"title":"Contents of volume 7","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80051-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80051-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 370-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80051-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134687132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelagic bacterial and phytoplankton production in a subtropical marine environment exposed to chronic oil contamination","authors":"U. Larsson, O. Lindén, Å. Hagström, Z. Al-Alawi","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80019-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80019-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"9 1","pages":"129-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90041987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentrations of chemicals in the north sea due to operational discharges from chemical tankers — results from the second survey, October 1988","authors":"N. Hurford ,&nbsp;R.J. Law ,&nbsp;T.W. Fileman ,&nbsp;A.P. Payne ,&nbsp;K. Colcomb-Heiliger","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80043-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80043-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A sampling survey was carried out to measure the concentrations of certain chemicals which are discharged into the North Sea from chemical tankers following tank cleaning operations. The survey was carried out some 18 months after the implementation ofAnnex II of MARPOL and the results are compared with those obtained during a survey carried out before Annex II implementation.</p><p>The measured concentrations were found to be extremely low and in many cases were below the limits of detection of the analytical technique. No evidence has been found to suggest that the North Sea needs to be declared a ‘Special Area’ for the purposes of Annex II. If chemical tankers comply with the provisions of Annex II, harmful concentrations of chemicals should not arise in the North Sea as a result of tank washing discharges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 251-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80043-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81675251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicted effects of a hypothetical oil spill on the saltmarsh crab Sesarma catenata","authors":"Daniel E. Malan","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80015-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80015-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of Qatar Light crude oil on the saltmarsh crab <em>Sesarma catenata</em> was investigated. These crabs are well adapted to the estuarine environment and mainly occur in the zone dominated by the saltmarsh grass <em>Spartina maritima</em>. They have an excellent aerial respiration and water-saving system and their burrows do not penetrate to water level. Static bioassays conducted showed that adult crabs are fairly resistant to the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of the crude oil, but that larval survival is affected at a much lower WSF concentration. Many of the crabs were, however, affected during the bioassays and may be considered as ‘ecologically’ dead.</p><p>In the event of spilled oil entering the estuary it is predicted that oil would form a layer over the water contained in the burrows. Although oil initially evaporates quickly, the layer of oil would drastically retard the diffusion of oxygen into the water, while some of the oil would dissolve into the water. It is estimated that the concentration reached at the end of a tidal cycle would not produce mortality, but would affect the crabs' respiration. Because of the small burrow volume, the crabs would be expected to utilize all the oxygen in the burrows before the next high tide. However, before that occurred, and at a critical oxygen saturation, the crabs would be expected to leave the water and climb through the layer of oil. Most crabs that return to clean water immediately, would probably not be further affected, except that the oil in their branchial chambers would reduce the area available for oxygen exchange. In some crabs, carapace contamination induces moulting, which in turn would make them more sensitive to oil pollution. The crabs would avoid polluted sediment, but might be attracted to very low and very high concentrations. Crabs remaining in the oil would clearly soon die of the combined effect of toxicity and oxygen depletion. Oil occurring on the saltmarsh surface would be degraded relatively fast, but once it seeps into the anaerobic mud, degradation virtually ceases. Experimentally, the hatching success ofgravid females, normal development and size of larvae spawned is not affected by Qatar Light crude oil, but their photopositive response is affected. The dangers of transferring oil from damaged tankers in Algoa Bay is discussed and recommendations made.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 137-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80015-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81075197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of crude oil in experimentally-polluted clayey and sandy mangrove soils","authors":"P. Scherrer, G. Mille","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80022-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80022-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"47 1","pages":"163-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72759457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omanian land-based oil inputs to the Gulf of Oman","authors":"H. Awad,&nbsp;M.A. Al Moharamy,&nbsp;S.A. Al Eissa","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80011-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80011-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In continuation of efforts to estimate oil inputs from coastal refineries to the marine environment in different regions, the present work concerns the Omanian refinery (Omanian Refinery Company) and its adjacent waters in the Gulf of Oman, Arabian Gulf.</p><p>It is estimated that the refinery adds 160·4 tons (}-163 t) of Omanian crude oil wastes and refined products annually to Mina Al Fahal waters where it is situated. This is additional to the 140 tons (}-142 t) discharged annually in the same area from the tank drains of a neighbouring tank farm. Analysis of dissolved/dispersed petroleum residues in the receiving waters of the main oily water outfall indicates a high factor of dilution: more than 200 times less than the concentration of oil in the discharge itself (67 μg litre⁻¹ in the receiving waters against 14·7 mg litre⁻¹ in the outfall waters).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 91-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80011-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90137791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"D. Cormack","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80016-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80016-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 161-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80016-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78862505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of the ageing of crude oils","authors":"M.F. Quinn,&nbsp;K. Marron,&nbsp;B. Patel,&nbsp;R. Abu-Tabanja,&nbsp;H. Al-Bahrani","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80018-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80018-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An experimental procedure is described to estimate the extent of evaporative weathering experienced by crude oils spilled in the marine environment. The essence of the procedure is the division of the crude oil into a series of pseudo-fractions by boiling point, and the subsequent modelling of the evaporative behaviour of each with the appropriate <em>n</em>-paraffin. The <em>n</em>-paraffin distributions of a number of naturally weathered crude oils were determined by capillary gas-liquid chromatography using fused silica columns. The actual extents determined by this procedure were compared with those generated by a computer simulation of the weathering, where the evaporative losses were modelled using film thickness, film temperature and weather data. Excellent results were obtained for oil film thicknesses between 10 μm and 1 mm, weathered for periods of up to 4 weeks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 119-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80018-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91632771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelagic bacterial and phytoplankton production in a subtropical marine environment exposed to chronic oil contamination","authors":"Ulf Larsson,&nbsp;Olof Linden,&nbsp;Åke Hagström,&nbsp;Zahra Sadiq Al-Alawi","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80019-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80019-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The abundance and production of pelagic bacteria, phytoplankton primary production and chlorophyll content were studied in coastal waters receiving the effluent from an oil refinery in the Arabian Gulf. The area also receives unknown amounts of other effluents rich in organic matter and nutrients. The abundance of bacteria was measured by epifluorescent direct counts, and productivity was estimated by ³H-thymidine uptake measurements. The results showed a clear stimulation of the primary productivity as well as elevated amounts of chlorophyll a in the area receiving the effluent. Both bacterial abundances and production were an order of magnitude higher in a small area close to the refinery outlet, but dropped rapidly and reached background values outside an impacted area of <em>c</em> 10 km². The increased bacterial production in this area corresponded to a substrate demand of 4 to 11 tonnes of carbon per day, 4 to 12 times the daily discharge of some 0·9 tonnes of carbon in the form of petroleum hydrocarbons from the oil refinery. These data, plus the low petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations found in the sediments and in bivalves outside the impacted area, suggest that bacterial degradation of the petroleum hydrocarbons from the refinery could be a major process restricting the area impacted by oil pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 129-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80019-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91685319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Jenifer M. Baker","doi":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80007-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80007-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100982,"journal":{"name":"Oil and Chemical Pollution","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 321-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0269-8579(05)80007-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77601309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}