Next Sustainability最新文献

{"title":"Utilization of brewery spent grain as an exclusive carbon source for microbial synthesis and characterization of biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) polymer","authors":"Sidrak Tesfaye Feleke,&nbsp;Ketema Beyecha Hundie,&nbsp;Yigezu Mekonnen Bayisa","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study Microbial approach is used to synthesis an environmentally friendly <em>Polyhydroxybutyrate</em> (PHB) biopolymer by a utilizing brewery spent grain as an exclusive carbon source. The aim of the study was the production of <em>Poly-hydroxy Butyrate</em> (PHB), a bio-plastic using glucose recovered from spent grain with the aid of <em>bacillus subtilis</em> via bacterial fermentation. The Spent grain was utilized as a carbon source and it was hydrolyzed for PHB synthesis, also, its chemical composition and proximate analysis were determined. After the spent grain was hydrolyzed, the benedict test and UV-spectroscopy were used to determine glucose concentration. Then, the Box-Behnken designs was used to analyze the effects of fermentation duration, pH, and incubation temperature on PHB yield were assessed. According to the experimental findings, the optimum yield of PHB (5.03 ± 0.14 g/l of neat PHB) was attained at a temperature of 37 °C, pH of 7 and fermentation time of 48 hr. The <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> accumulated PHB was characterized by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to validate the polymer's structure as PHB. Likewise, biodegradability, water absorption and water solubility test were carried out. The study's findings demonstrated that it is possible to produce PHB using <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, which is an environmentally friendly polymer using brewery’s residues (spent grain) as an appropriate carbon source to lower the cost of production and ease the material's disposal issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and opportunities in tackling paper mill sludge waste","authors":"Kirthika S.K. ,&nbsp;Gaurav Goel ,&nbsp;Jo Scott ,&nbsp;Saurav Goel","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The foundation industries including chemicals, paper, metals, ceramics, glass, and cement are among the largest contributors to global emissions and waste generation. Among these, paper production generates a by-product known as paper mill sludge (PMS), with an estimated 27.5 million tonnes expected annually by 2050. This review critically evaluates current PMS management practices and explores emerging opportunities for its valorisation. Drawing on a systematic analysis of over 275 research articles, the study identifies key valorisation pathways, including energy recovery (e.g., anaerobic digestion yielding up to up to 3 PJ/year), material reuse (e.g., bricks with 10–20 % PMS content showing 30 MPa compressive strength), and biofuel production (e.g., bioethanol yields of 0.25–0.35 g/g dry PMS). The review also highlights the environmental benefits of these approaches, such as a over 50 % reduction in global warming potential when PMS is used in cement production. The paper advocates for a biorefinery model in which paper mills co-produce paper alongside biomass, biofuels, and biogas, thereby enhancing sustainability and supporting circular economy principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic pyrolysis of refuse derived fuels with biomass-based and mineral catalysts","authors":"Jerome Dela Lavie ,&nbsp;Francis Kemausuor ,&nbsp;Isaac Boye ,&nbsp;Mathias Kwamena Anderson ,&nbsp;Philip Yaro Laari ,&nbsp;Ato Bart-Plange ,&nbsp;Michael Kwesi Commeh","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catalytic pyrolysis offers prospects for converting plastic waste into sustainable fuels and chemicals. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of various catalysts on product yield and to characterize the products for various applications. The study investigated catalytic pyrolysis of RDF using eight (8) different catalysts, including agricultural residue chars and mineral clays at 400°C with a fixed residence time of 60 min and a 1:5 catalyst to feedstock ratio using a batch reactor. Bamboo leaves char produced the highest bio-oil yield of 38.47 wt % and showed the best catalyst effectiveness of 24.06 % for oil production. Rice husk char demonstrated superior performance in char production (66.67 wt %) with the highest effectiveness (133.33 %), while cocopeat char excelled in gas production (50 % effectiveness). The analysis of products revealed that mineral catalysts (kaolin and laterite) generally produced better quality bio-oil with lower viscosity (16–20 cP) and higher heating values (32–34 MJ/kg). FTIR analysis showed mineral catalysts achieved better deoxygenation compared to biomass chars. In gas composition, kaolin produced the highest quality gas (85 % CH₄, 33 MJ/Nm³ calorific value), while the char analysis showed cocopeat char had the highest heating value (9.78 MJ/kg). The results demonstrate that catalyst selection significantly impacts product yield and quality, with different catalysts excelling in specific applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of cultivated land in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (2009–2019): Characteristics, drivers, and policy implications","authors":"Yao Cui ,&nbsp;Ligang Wang ,&nbsp;Dan Liu ,&nbsp;Qiaoyang Liu ,&nbsp;De Yu ,&nbsp;Yanfang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food security is a cornerstone of national security, with cultivated land serving as the fundamental resource for food production. In China, where cultivated land protection and food security are prioritized, land-use changes have attracted widespread attention. However, rapid urbanization and population growth have led to significant conversion of cultivated land to non-agricultural uses, exacerbating the land-population imbalance. Although numerous studies have explored the impact of cultivated land changes on food security, quantitative analyses specifically targeting the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia) remain limited. This study, therefore, focuses on Ningxia, systematically investigating changes in cultivated land from 2009 to 2019 in terms of quantity, structure, and spatial distribution, using land-use dynamic degree and relative change rate, and further exploring driving forces and protection strategies. Results reveal three key findings: (1) The total cultivated land area in Ningxia showed an overall declining trend by 2019, with paddy fields and drylands decreasing significantly while irrigated land increased annually—this structural shift reflects both adaptation to water resource constraints and potential risks to traditional grain production. (2) Spatially, changes were more pronounced in southern Ningxia than the regional average, indicating uneven pressure on cultivated land across regions. (3) Key drivers include agricultural restructuring, construction land occupation, ecological migration, and farmers’ spontaneous reclamation, with the first two factors posing notable threats to cultivated land stability. To address these challenges, targeted protection measures are proposed: strengthening region-specific policies (e.g., water-saving irrigation promotion in northern irrigation districts, and ecological restoration-linked farmland consolidation in southern mountainous areas) to curb non-agricultural conversion, improving irrigation efficiency to compensate for dryland loss, and integrating ecological protection with farmland preservation. This study clarifies the urgency of balancing economic development and cultivated land security in Ningxia, providing actionable insights for policymakers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exergy-based analysis for the synthesis of aromatics from biomass","authors":"Mohammed Usman ,&nbsp;Joseph Akintola ,&nbsp;Gabriel Umoh ,&nbsp;Joseph Akpan ,&nbsp;Ekpotu Wilson ,&nbsp;Queen Moses ,&nbsp;Philemon Udom ,&nbsp;Edose Osagie","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chemical process industry has been facing rising energy costs, increasing competition due to rapid globalization, and more stringent government regulations amid growing public concern for the environment, health, and safety. In response to these challenges and considering the industry's capital-intensive nature, ongoing optimization through redesigning existing production plants has become a key strategy. This study designs and analyses a typical process plant with two routes for synthesizing aromatics from methanol and pentane. Process route 1 involves co-feeding, while process route 2 incorporates recycling and producing pentane. For methanol synthesis, cellulose (biomass) is used as the initial raw material, leading to the synthesis of aromatics through a reaction with pentanes. Exergy, exergo-economic, and pinch analyses are performed on both process routes. The routes display different overall exergy performances, with process routes 1 and 2 achieving 39.53 % and 25.43 % exergy, respectively. The highest exergetic performance is recorded in the CO₂ heater (67.69 %) and the biomass oxidation reactor (88.70 %) for process routes 1 and 2, respectively. Exergo-economic evaluations indicate that Benzene distillation separation experiences exergy destruction rates of 28.61 % and exergo-economic factor of 99.92 % for process 1, while the aromatics heater shows the highest exergy destruction of 56.68 % for process 2. Implementing heat integration in the process routes reveals that process route 1 achieves energy savings of 92.09 %, while process route 2 results in 51.38 % energy savings. This study demonstrates the two process routes’ long-term economic viability and efficiency, which can be further optimised in future studies to achieve sustainable process implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143228671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disruptive technologies that deliver a circular economy for plastics","authors":"Katherine E.S. Locock ,&nbsp;Andrew Terhorst ,&nbsp;Sarah King ,&nbsp;Kymberley R. Scroggie","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastics are ubiquitous and integral to modern life with global production doubling in the next 20 years. Only minimal amounts, however, are reused or recycled with the common methods of dealing with plastic waste i.e., incineration and landfill, and leaking into the environment (pollution) all resulting in a loss of plastic from the economy. A circular economy for plastics reduces plastic pollution and climate effects and provides social and economic benefits. This article reviews the patent landscape and identifies disruptive technologies that contribute to a circular economy for plastics. Using a collaboration between subject matter experts and ChatGPT, we identified five distinct disruptive technology categories and associated keywords that support a circular economy: bioplastics, chemical recycling, synthetic biology, traceable plastics and waste separation. Using the associated keywords, we categorised patents from 2018 to 2022 into these disruptive technologies to assess current trends. The patent landscape was challenging to navigate due to the deliberately broad language used to construct patents, leading to many irrelevant patents being categorised. Low technology readiness levels of some patents examined also limits the current disruptiveness of these technologies. Adequate financial funding and economic incentives were the most evident barriers to disruptive technology maturity and uptake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable recycling and characterization of end-of-life solid oxide cell ceramic component materials","authors":"Gudaysew Tsegaye Yenesew,&nbsp;Clément Nicollet,&nbsp;Eric Quarez,&nbsp;Annie Le Gal La Salle,&nbsp;Olivier Joubert","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By recycling solid oxide cells (SOCs) end-life materials, the environmental impact can be reduced, and the materials' closed-loop life cycle can help preserve natural resources and create a sustainable and circular system. This study presents a technique for recovering NiO, La_xSr_1-xCoO₃ (LSC) and Zr_1-xY_xO_2-x/2 (YSZ) components from SOC end-of-life products. First, the entire cell components, including the electrolyte, fuel and air electrodes were crushed, ball-milled, and leached with nitric acid. Following the maximum dissolution of cations, centrifugation was used to remove the non-leached YSZ as a sediment. The leached solution, which is rich in nickel, cobalt, strontium, and lanthanum ions was treated with dimethylglyoxime (C₄H₈N₂O₂ DMG) and Ni is preferentially precipitated as C₈H₁₄N₄NiO₄. LSC is then recovered from thermal treatment of solution leftover from C₈H₁₄N₄NiO₄ centrifugation and filtration. About 90 wt% of the ceramic components were successfully recovered. The compositions of recovered materials show a commercial-grade purity i.e about 99 at% for NiO, 96 at% for LSC and 97 at% for YSZ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass (Amritsagar) derived efficient solid base catalyst for eco-friendly biodiesel synthesis: A study on synthesis, reaction kinetics, and thermodynamic properties","authors":"Bidangshri Basumatary ,&nbsp;Biswajit Nath ,&nbsp;Bipul Das ,&nbsp;Anjana Dhar ,&nbsp;Sanjay Basumatary","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the effectiveness of a heterogeneous catalyst derived from the Amritsagar (AAA) banana plant in the synthesis of biodiesel using <em>Jatropha curcas</em> oil. The fruit peel, rhizome, and stem of the post-harvest Amritsagar (AAA) plant were calcined at 550°C and utilized as catalysts for transesterification. The catalysts are characterized using advanced analytical instruments and techniques such as FESEM, HRTEM, EDX, FT-IR, XPS, XRD, and BET. The most effective catalyst identified in this work is the Amritsagar calcined peel catalyst at 550 °C (ACP-550). Its characterization confirms the existence of Ca, K, Si, Fe, Na, Sr, Mn, Mg, and Zn metal oxides and carbonates, and it reveals a BET surface area of 26.104 m²/g. The catalyst ACP-550 outperformed the other catalysts, delivering a biodiesel yield of 97.58 % at 65 °C under optimal conditions, which comprised a 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 7 wt% catalyst, and a 20 min reaction time. The study also includes an investigation of basicity, turnover frequency, soluble alkalinity, pH measurement of catalysts, reaction kinetics, thermodynamic parameters, reusability tests, and a comparison of catalytic activity of the catalysts in the production of biodiesel. The synthesized biodiesel was characterized through GC-MS NMR, and FT-IR analysis. Moreover, the assessment of fuel characteristics of biodiesel obtained from <em>Jatropha curcas</em> oil (JCO) was documented and compared with international standards and the properties were found to be within the specified limits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of waste plastic pyrolysis: Synergistic effects and sustainability perspectives","authors":"Prathwiraj Meena,&nbsp;Rohidas Bhoi","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), waste mixed plastics (WMPs) and WMPs with spent fluid catalytic cracking (sFCC) catalyst (WMPs/ sFCC) were investigated to simulate real-life pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA was performed under different heating rates i.e., 5, 10, 15 and 20 ˚C/min) in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. The pyrolysis kinetics are assessed using three model-free methods, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), and Starink, as well as two model-fitting methods, Coats–Redfern (CR) and Criado methods (master plots). The results showed that the WMPs exhibited a positive synergetic effect among the different types of plastics, leading to a notable reduction in degradation temperature and required activation energy. Moreover, adding sFCC catalysts significantly lowered the initial pyrolysis temperature (approximately 47 ˚C) of WMPs compared to direct pyrolysis. Moreover, the average activation energy of WMPs decreased by approximately 13.41 kJ/mole with the inclusion of the sFCC catalyst. The thermodynamic properties such <em>ΔH</em>^<em>‡</em>, <em>ΔG</em>^<em>‡</em> and <em>ΔS</em>^<em>‡</em> suggested that the process was endothermic, non-spontaneous and decreased in randomness during pyrolysis. This study promotes sustainability through a circular economy to convert waste into wealth. These findings offer valuable theoretical insights for reducing energy consumption in plastic pyrolysis and expanding the applications of sFCC catalyst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable fuel potential of beeswax pyrolytic oil in a variable compression engine: Experimental investigation and correlation development","authors":"Amar Kumar Das ,&nbsp;Sudhansu Sekhar Sahoo ,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar ,&nbsp;Achyut Kumar Panda","doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research intends to investigate the sustainability of biomass as a prospective resource of alternate energy to fossil fuels due to its biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability in nature. Bio-oil from beeswax was extracted through thermal pyrolysis at 450ºC in a semi-batch reactor and the fuel properties were found appreciable in comparison to diesel. The beeswax pyrolysis oil (BX) was blended in different proportions with diesel,and its applicability has been tested in a diesel engine. The significance of different beeswax oil-diesel mixtures and compression ratioson performance and emission characteristics in a variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine was studied. Tests were conducted with 16, 17, and 18 as compression ratios and using diesel, BX10, BX20, BX30, and BX40 as fuel mixtures, respectively, at full load conditions. Theenergy, exergy, and emission study revealed that the BX20 showed the highest energy efficiency of 25.65 % and the lowest brake-specific fuel consumption of 0.33 kg/kWh at maximum engine load andcompression ratio of 18among all fuel mixtures other than diesel fuel. However, BX20 showed higher exergy efficiency by 3.4 % at the same engine conditionsas those of diesel. The maximum decrease in CO emission was found for BX40 by 9.3 % compared to that of diesel and other fuel mixtures at maximum load and compression ratio. Theemissions like HC and NO_x were found to lowest values of 24 ppm and 163 ppm for BX 20 at maximum loading and compression ratio. The overall engine performance and emission results recommended BX20as a promisingoption as an alternative to fossil fuels.Additionally, the correlations, which were developed for more general usage, supported the viability of BX20 as a superior alternative fuel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100960,"journal":{"name":"Next Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}