Next Materials最新文献

{"title":"Circular valorization of defunct coral reefs into bioactive hydroxyapatite: Atomic-scale mechanisms and functional performance","authors":"Khaeriah Dahlan ,&nbsp;Endang Haryati ,&nbsp;Lili Maniambo ,&nbsp;Eva Papilaya ,&nbsp;Hendry Y. Nanlohy","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bioceramic material highly valued for its excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity, and close resemblance to the mineral phase of natural bone. In this study, defunct coral reefs were repurposed as a natural calcium precursor for the sustainable synthesis of hydroxyapatite. The coral samples were calcined at 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C to produce calcium oxide (CaO), among which calcination at 900 °C yielded the highest CaO content (84.09 %). The obtained CaO was subsequently utilized for hydroxyapatite synthesis under sintering temperatures of 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the successful formation of phase-pure hydroxyapatite, exhibiting distinct diffraction peaks consistent with the standard HAp pattern. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identified the characteristic vibrational bands of phosphate (PO₄³⁻), hydroxyl (OH⁻), and carbonate (CO₃²⁻) groups, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed the typical porous morphology of hydroxyapatite. The sample sintered at 900 °C showed superior crystallinity, structural homogeneity, and well-distributed porosity. The synthesized HAp showed a Ca/P molar ratio of 2.18–2.34, crystallite size of 23–45 nm, and porosity of 29–33 %, confirming phase purity and a biomimetic microstructure. These quantitative features emphasize the temperature-dependent structural changes and support 900 °C as the best processing condition. These findings demonstrate that defunct coral reefs can be effectively converted into high-purity hydroxyapatite, underscoring their potential as a sustainable and eco-friendly raw material for bio-ceramic and biomedical applications such as bone grafts, coatings, and tissue engineering scaffolds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural and mechanical performance of coconut shell biochar – Modified asphalt for sustainable pavement applications","authors":"S. Mahalakshmi,&nbsp;Revathy Jayaseelan,&nbsp;Gajalakshmi Pandulu","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates coconut shell biochar (CSB) as a sustainable, bio-based modifier for enhancing the mechanical performance and durability of hot-mix asphalt (HMA). CSB was produced by controlled laboratory pyrolysis, and its chemical and microstructural characteristics were analysed before incorporation into 40/50 penetration-grade asphalt at different dosages. Binder evaluations included penetration, softening point, ductility, and elastic recovery, while mixture performance was assessed using Marshall Stability, flow, volumetric properties, indirect tensile strength (ITS), and tensile strength ratio (TSR). Results indicated a decrease in penetration and an increase in the softening point, indicating a stiffer, more thermally stable binder. Marshall Stability reached 9.2 kN at 12.5 % CSB with a flow of 2.6 mm, while bulk density slightly decreased and air voids increased but remained within 3–5 %, ensuring adequate compaction. VMA and VFB were balanced at 12.5–15 % CSB, and tensile strength and moisture resistance improved up to 15 %, with ITS and TSR values declining at higher dosages. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) confirmed 12.5 % CSB as the optimal dosage, with quadratic models showing high predictive accuracy (R² &gt; 0.95). Microstructural analyses (SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD), pore structure analyses, and chemical investigations validated these findings, highlighting CSB's potential as an effective asphalt modifier, particularly under India's varied climatic conditions. The improved stiffness and moisture sensitivity performance also suggest practical benefits in terms of durability and reduced binder demand, leading to material savings. Overall findings emphasise CSB’s potential as a sustainable, cost-effective bio-based modifier capable of extending pavement service life under high traffic volumes and diverse climatic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of thermally insulative and highly transparent cellulose aerogel for climate-adaptive energy efficient window","authors":"Yuxuan Xue ,&nbsp;Kuanwen Wang ,&nbsp;Qinye Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaoke Chen ,&nbsp;Zenan Jin ,&nbsp;Tianyu Cai ,&nbsp;Yanghua Lu ,&nbsp;Zhenqian Pang ,&nbsp;Tengyao Jiang ,&nbsp;Gang Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.101583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.101583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Minimizing the energy demand of buildings by utilizing innovative materials for transparent building envelopes, such as windows, represents a promising strategy to enhance energy efficiency and contribute significantly to carbon neutrality at worldwide. Windows are less energy efficient than non-transparent building components, primarily due to their higher U-value and increased solar heat gain. Designing an ideal energy-efficient window requires a synergistic combination of high visible light transmittance, superior thermal insulation, and effective solar heat regulation capabilities. In this study, an advanced energy-efficient glazing system was developed by integrating thermally insulative features and different surface optical properties. To assemble such structure, a key component of a transparent and insulating film was synthesized from sustainable and renewable cellulose with high length-to-diameter ratio and optimized size distribution, originated from high-pressure homogenized modification and sonication. The as-synthesized film exhibits excellent transparency (∼90 %) and outstanding thermal insulation (0.027 W/m·K), accompanying with attachable capability onto glass surfaces via electrostatic forces. Hot stage and outdoor demonstration tests revealed that a single-pane glazing applied with this film presented superior insulation properties compared to conventional double-pane glazing while high visible light transmittance was still reserved. Based on this transparent cellulose aerogel, a composite window structure combining thermal insulation and spectral selective feature was fabricated for various climates. The results of building energy simulation supported that the energy saving performance of the composite window was superior to that of existing counterparts, and it could achieve up to 40 % energy savings compared to single-pane glazing. The proposed energy-efficient windows, made from cost-effective materials derived from biomass resources, hold significant potential as replacements for commercially available glazing systems in large-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene oxide-fluorescein sensor for sensitive and selective detection of L-Arginine: A fluorescence Turn-On Approach","authors":"Prakash Ramesh ,&nbsp;Vignesh Kumaresan ,&nbsp;Chockalingam Gopalakrishnan ,&nbsp;Rajapandian Varatharaj","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly sensitive and selective detection of <span>L</span>-arginine is essential for probing its involvement in cellular metabolism, nitric oxide synthesis, and amino acid regulation, thereby facilitating clinical diagnostics and translational biosensing applications. In this study, a graphene oxide–fluorescein (GOFC) fluorescence sensor was developed for the selective and sensitive detection of <span>L</span>-arginine via a fluorescence “turn-on” response. Graphene oxide (GO) synthesized via the modified Hummers’ method was functionalized with fluorescein to form the GOFC composite. The sensor exhibited a concentration-dependent fluorescence enhancement toward <span>L</span>-arginine, enabling detection down to 1 × 10⁻⁶ M using a spectrofluorometer and 1 × 10⁻⁴ M by naked-eye observation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) revealed that the interaction between fluorescein and <span>L</span>-arginine is stronger than their respective adsorption on GO, leading to fluorescein release and a fluorescence turn-on response. Using a low-concentration linear calibration, the limits of detection and quantification were determined to be 4.38 × 10⁻⁶ M and 1.46 × 10⁻⁵ M, respectively. Structural and morphological characterization of GO and GOFC was confirmed by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, powder XRD, particle size analysis, and FE-SEM. These findings establish the GOFC sensor as a sensitive and practical platform for rapid <span>L</span>-arginine biosensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable transformation of waste cooking oil: A global review of valorization pathways and future directions","authors":"Mehmet Melikoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating global energy demand and persistent environmental concerns necessitate a paradigm shift towards sustainable resource management, with waste cooking oil (WCO) emerging as a promising and abundant feedstock. This comprehensive review systematically analyzes recent advancements in WCO valorization, focusing on literature published from 2019 to 2025. Significant progress in biodiesel production is highlighted, where innovative bifunctional and nanocatalysts have demonstrated conversion efficiencies typically ranging from 87 % to 96 %, often achieving high yields in significantly reduced reaction times, some within 5 min through process intensification. Beyond traditional fuels, the conversion of WCO into diverse hydrocarbon fuels is examined, noting deoxygenation degrees reaching up to 99 % and high selectivity (approx. 70 %) for C11–C17 fuel fractions suitable for bio-jet applications. The practical viability of WCO-derived products is supported by engine performance assessments, which show smoke opacity reductions of up to 50 % and improved thermal efficiency, despite marginal increases in specific fuel consumption. This review also evaluates a wide array of non-fuel applications, including bio-asphalt modifiers that restore aged bitumen properties to near-virgin levels and the production of biopolymers with 19–30 % polyhydroxybutyrate content. Despite these achievements, the transition from laboratory to industrial scale demands intensified research. Key future directions are identified, including overcoming feedstock variability, developing robust next-generation catalysts, and leveraging machine learning for process optimization. This review underscores WCO's immense potential to significantly contribute to environmental protection, foster economic viability, and accelerate the transition towards a resource-efficient, low-carbon circular bioeconomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of PCM-driven heat recovery systems for sustainable energy applications","authors":"Marie Belle Mansour ,&nbsp;Amne ElCheikh ,&nbsp;Mohamad Ramadan","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition toward sustainable and energy-efficient energy systems requires advanced strategies to recover and reutilize waste heat from internal combustion engines (ICEs), where more than half of the fuel energy is typically rejected through exhaust gases and coolant streams. Phase change material (PCM)–based waste heat recovery (WHR) systems have attracted increasing attention due to their high latent heat storage density, near-isothermal operation, and suitability for transient engine conditions. This review critically synthesizes recent advances in PCM-based WHR systems for engine applications, with emphasis on system configuration, operating conditions, performance enhancement techniques, durability, and sustainability. The methodology is based on a comprehensive review of experimental, numerical, and techno-economic studies addressing single-stage and cascaded PCM thermal energy storage systems, PCM material selection, heat exchanger integration, and enhancement strategies such as nanoparticle additives and structural modifications. The reviewed literature consistently shows that cascaded PCM systems achieve higher heat recovery rates and improved energy and exergy efficiency, with reported gains of approximately 10–30% depending on design and operating conditions. Engine load strongly influences system performance, as higher loads increase PCM charging efficiency and reduce charging time. To overcome the inherently low thermal conductivity of PCMs, nano-enhanced PCMs and structural modifications have been widely adopted, yielding thermal conductivity enhancements of 30–150% and heat transfer improvements of .20–35%. Long-term studies indicate that composite and form-stable PCMs maintain thermal stability over extended cycling. While PCM-based systems demonstrate economic and environmental benefits in building applications, comparable techno-economic and life-cycle assessments for engine WHR remain limited. The novel contribution of this review lies in its integrated evaluation of thermodynamic performance, configuration strategies, enhancement methods, and sustainability aspects, identifying the gaps and providing an integrated framework to guide future research toward efficient, durable, and sustainable PCM-based engine WHR systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101911"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147600115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-derived activated carbon from empty fruit bunches for supercapacitor electrodes: Crystallinity and electrochemical analysis","authors":"Egbe Terence Awoh ,&nbsp;Achisa C. Mecha ,&nbsp;Joseph Kiplagat ,&nbsp;Stephen K. Kimutai","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palm processing industries leave behind huge amounts of biomass annually which are not usually being disposed of sustainably. This study utilizes fast and feasible means of converting empty palm bunch biomass into supercapacitor electrodes. The two-step carbonization-activation method was used to synthesize the highly porous activated carbon, which was used in the electrodes. The resulting materials exhibited patterns similar to that of reduced graphene oxides (rGO) and a maximum specific surface area of 1375 m²/g. The supercapacitor designed from the porous activated carbon exhibits the greatest specific capacitance of 251 F/g at a scan rate of 1 mV/s, under 6 M KOH electrolyte. The corresponding GCD analysis at 100 mA/g current density was 346 F/g, and about 82.9 % of the original capacitance value was retained even after 5000 GCD cycles. The energy density and power density were 17.16 Wh/kg and 180.1 W/kg, respectively. This work does not only provide a feasible route for the management of palm agro-industrial waste, but also produces carbon materials whose electrochemical performance are competitive to state-of-the-art biomass-derived carbon, offering a sustainable pathway for electrochemical energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of sand particle filler materials on the improvement of mechanical properties of jute fiber composite","authors":"Mohammad Al - Yusar Mubeen,&nbsp;Mohammad Salman Haque,&nbsp;Istiak Ahmed Ovi,&nbsp;MD Abir Hossain,&nbsp;Abdullah All Sayeed,&nbsp;Ruhana Binte Karim","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the influence of fiber content and sand fillers on the mechanical and physical performance of jute fiber composites. With the increase of fiber percentage, improvements in tensile &amp; flexural strength, impact energy and hardness have been observed. Furthermore, the incorporation of sand fillers led to further enhancement of these properties by limiting crack propagation and reducing internal voids. The composite with 40 % jute fiber with sand fillers exhibited the highest tensile strength (27.1 MPa), flexural strength (47.52 MPa), impact energy (3.33 J) and hardness (76.33). On the other hand, the 20 % jute fiber composite without fillers showed the lowest values. Water absorption and thickness swelling increased with higher fiber percentage but were greatly reduced by the presence of sand fillers. The 20 % fiber composite with fillers absorbed the least amount of water in both distilled and saline environments. Overall, the findings indicate that sand-filled jute fiber composites offer enhanced structural performance and exhibit properties comparable to some hybrid composites, which enables them to be used as automotive interior components, building panels, furniture and protective gear like helmets &amp; pads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photon-induced synthesis of GO/MnO₂ nanocomposite for biocompatibility evaluation using HEK-293 cells","authors":"G. Kavitha ,&nbsp;Moganesh Govindhan","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A graphene oxide/manganese dioxide (GO/MnO₂) nanocomposite was synthesized via a green, photon-induced method under ambient conditions, avoiding high-temperature processing and chemical reductants. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of phase-pure tetragonal α-MnO₂ with an average crystallite size of ∼8 nm, accompanied by the disappearance of the GO (001) peak and the emergence of the rGO (002) reflection, indicating partial photoreduction. FESEM and HRTEM analyses revealed uniform dispersion of MnO₂ nanoparticles (10–20 nm) anchored on wrinkled rGO sheets, with a lattice spacing of 0.309 nm corresponding to the (310) plane of α-MnO₂, evidencing strong interfacial coupling. FTIR spectra exhibited characteristic Mn–O and Mn–O–Mn vibrations at ∼460 and 587 cm⁻¹ , confirming robust oxide formation. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements showed a type-IV isotherm with mesoporosity, delivering a high specific surface area of 194.8 m² g⁻¹ , a pore volume of 0.279 cm³ g⁻¹ , and an average pore radius of 1.55 nm. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed broad absorption with an indirect optical band gap of ∼1.71 eV, attributed to interfacial charge transfer and defect-mediated electronic states. Cytocompatibility studies using HEK-293 cells demonstrated high viability (&gt;87 %) across 12.5–200 µg mL⁻¹ , confirming excellent material tolerance. This work highlights photon-induced synthesis as an energy-efficient and scalable route to engineer nanoscale MnO₂–graphene interfaces with controlled structure, porosity, and electronic properties, relevant for redox-active and surface-driven functional applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of glycine and Syzygiumaromaticum oil on structural, electrochemical, optical, magnetic and photocatalytic properties of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles","authors":"Meenakshi K.R. ,&nbsp;Santhoskumar A.U. ,&nbsp;K.S. Anantharaju ,&nbsp;Vidya Y.S. ,&nbsp;S. Meena ,&nbsp;Arpita Paul Chowdhury","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2026.101617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study was carried out to analyze the effect of a green reducing agent and a chemical fuel used in the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) on their magnetic, photoluminescence (PL), photocatalytic, and electrochemical behavior. Magnesium ferrite (MgFe<span><math><mn>2</mn></math></span>O<span><math><mn>4</mn></math></span>) NPs were synthesized via both chemical and green combustion route using glycine (MFG) as a fuel and <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>z</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> (clove oil) as a reducing agent (MFCL). Both MFG and MFCL NPs exhibited a cubic spinel structure; however, compared to MFG, more planes are pronounced in MFCL NPs. A larger crystallite size was observed in MFCL rather compared to MFG NPs. Transmission electron microscopy analysis supported the Bragg reflections, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Mg 1s, Fe 2p, O 1s and C 1s elements. From the Hysteresis loop, magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization, retentivity, coercivity and squareness ratio were calculated. The PL emission spectra, CIE and CCT values clearly indicate that the sample could serve as a promising blue nanophosphor material for cool display technologies. Additionally, electrochemical and EIS spectral analysis were performed. The MFCL sample displayed a smaller semicircle diameter than MFG, indicating faster charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface for the clove oil derived material. This result was consistent with the photoactivity of indigo dye, where the MFCL samples showed the highest photodegradation efficiency with 90.41% compared to MFG NPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}