Next Materials最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasonic characterization of material heterogeneities in stainless steel components produced by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Kenneth Walton,&nbsp;Mikhail Skliar","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce pulse-echo ultrasound as a method for characterizing the impact of powder bed fusion parameters on the properties of additively manufactured stainless-steel components, their material anisotropy, and location-dependent heterogeneity. Our results indicate that accurate characterization requires careful selection of ultrasonic propagation paths, which must consider the direction of additive layering, variations in processing parameters, and the component's geometry. We employed two distinct methods to estimate material properties from ultrasonic data: One assumes isotropy, while the other accounts for anisotropic interactions during the propagation of elastic waves. When applied to samples fabricated with laser energy densities ranging from 24 to 42 J/mm³ , these methods revealed transverse isotropy and weak anisotropy (quantified by small Thomsen parameters, <span><math><mrow><mi>ε</mi><mo>=</mo><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span>0.0651 and <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>=</mo><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span>0.0092) and less than a ∼6 % change in acoustic impedance. The assumption of isotropy, in this case, leads to small errors (less than 4 % or 1 % for Young's modulus in the build or transverse directions) when estimating orthotropic material properties using ultrasonic data measured along just two orthogonal directions, one of which must align with the build direction. By comparing ultrasonic measurements — which aggregate the spatial variability in material properties along the length of elastic wave propagation into a single value — with localized measurements obtained from surface nanoindentation, we uncovered and spatially profiled significant differences between the surface and interior properties. Specifically, the surface Young's modulus decreased from approximately 210 GPa to 180 GPa within a depth of about 3 mm. We attribute this surface-localized heterogeneity in PBF-fabricated components to distinct thermal histories experienced by the surface and interior regions. Collectively, the results of this study establish a framework for the ultrasonic characterization of material heterogeneity and anisotropy in material properties and demonstrate its application in additively manufactured metal components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical performance and energy storage capacity of copper sulphide (CuS) nanoparticles obtained by the co-precipitation method","authors":"Sobha A,&nbsp;Mariot Jose Panjikaran","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs a chemical co-precipitation method in sulphur-rich and sulphur-deficient environments to synthesize and characterize copper sulphide (CuS) nanoparticles. The structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of the synthesized CuS nanoparticles were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis predominantly suggests the formation of hexagonal covellite CuS, though additional peaks indicate the presence of secondary phases, particularly in sulfur-deficient conditions. Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant morphological differences, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated higher purity in sulphur-enriched samples. Optical characterization, including bandgap determination via UV-Vis spectroscopy, highlighted the potential of CuS nanoparticles for optoelectronic applications. Electrochemical performance, assessed through cyclic voltammetry, demonstrated the superior specific capacitance of CuS-based capacitors in a Cu-CuS-Cu configuration. This work underscores the critical role of sulphur in optimizing CuS nanoparticle properties and provides a foundation for exploring their applications in energy storage, optoelectronics, and catalysis. The findings encourage further research into synthesis optimization and expanding functional applications of CuS nanoparticles across various technological domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100634"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A thermodynamic approach to indium-enriched Se-Te-Sn alloy systems","authors":"Kaushal Kumar Sarswat,&nbsp;Neeraj Mehta","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been used to study phase transformations of glassy-ceramic sample Se_78-xTe₂₀Sn₂In_x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6) alloys under nonisothermal conditions and determine various thermodynamic parameters. The effect of the Indium additive in Se–Te–Sn glasses has been observed through specific heat (Δ<em>C</em>_<em>p</em>) measurements. The value of Δ<em>C</em>_<em>p</em> is maximum and minimum for Se₇₂Te₂₀Sn₂In₆ and Se₇₈Te₂₀Sn₂, i.e. 0.0249 and 0.006 kJ/kg֩C. These measurements have also been used to assess several thermodynamic quantities as a function of temperature, including the Gibbs free energy difference (Δ<em>G</em>), entropy difference (Δ<em>S</em>), and enthalpy difference (Δ<em>H</em>) between the undercooled melt and the corresponding equilibrium solid phases. The values of Δ<em>S</em>_<em>gc,</em> Δ<em>H</em>_<em>gc</em><em>,</em> and Δ<em>G</em>_<em>gc</em> are maximum for Se₇₂Te₂₀Sn₂In₆, i.e. 0.297, 12.3, and −3.3 J/g֩C respectively, and minimum for Se₇₈Te₂₀Sn₂, i.e. 0.063, 3.6, and −0.28 J/g֩C respectively. The values of <em>C</em>_<em>p</em> after glass transition (<em>C</em>_<em>pe</em>) and below glass transition temperature (<em>C</em>_<em>pg</em>) have also been discovered to be strongly composition-dependent. We observed two new correlations: one reveals the linear variation in the logarithm of the change in specific heat (Δ<em>C</em>_<em>p</em>) with the logarithm of the heating rate (i.e., log i), and the other shows the linear variation between the Δ(d<em>α</em>/d<em>T</em>) and the logarithm of the heating rate (i.e., log <em>β</em>). The <em>S</em>, <em>G</em>, <em>C</em>_<em>p</em>, and <em>H</em> curves obey the realistic physical relations that are thermodynamically consistent for a second-order phase transition, as defined by Ehrenfest. The Gibbs energy function, on the other hand, has an inflexion point at the transition temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearable thermoelectric silver sulfides: From materials to applications","authors":"Arulpandi Subramani,&nbsp;Tamilmani Vairapperumal","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the developing world population, there is an increasing need for wearable electronics in the field of wearable multi-functional sensors (i.e., medical sector), watches, and other electronic devices (earplugs). Still, the power supply system is deficient in capacity and short life span (batteries). Silver Sulfide (Ag₂S) is the first inorganic ductile, flexible (sustainable) semiconducting material with excellent thermoelectric performance. Compared with conventional organic, inorganic, and hybrid flexible thermoelectric materials, it is best suited for the human body heat harvesting process to wearable self-powered devices (i.e., unlimited power supply). This review discusses the crystal structure (polymorphism), the contribution of mechanical properties, and synthesis methods in the thermoelectric performance of silver sulfides. Detailed the different strategies like doping, substitution, composite formation, and nano-inclusion for the improvement of thermoelectric behaviors and device fabrication for real-time applications. Finally, concludes with the demerits and the solutions to rectify the shortcomings of Ag₂S thermoelectric material. Further, elaborated the strategies to optimize the material performance for the next-generation wearable thermoelectric applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid biosynthesis of N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles using plant extract of Tamarix sp.: Its antimicrobial, anti-oxidant activity and dielectric properties","authors":"Syed Mohd Adnan Naqvi ,&nbsp;Sk Najrul Islam ,&nbsp;Azam Raza ,&nbsp;Deepa Kshirsagar ,&nbsp;Padmaja Chavan ,&nbsp;Vishakha Chankeshwara ,&nbsp;Shakeel Ahmad Firdousi ,&nbsp;Absar Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green synthesis is a technique for the fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) that is easy, eco-friendly, and emergent. It is currently garnering the attention of the scientific community worldwide since it is non-toxic, inexpensive, and reliable, and it takes place under ambient conditions. This research aimed to synthesize green N-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (N-TiO₂) and analyze their antimicrobial, anti-oxidant activity, and dielectric properties. A leaf extract of <em>Tamarix</em> sp. was used in a single step at room temperature to fabricate N-TiO₂ nanoparticles with an average particle size of 26.5 nm. They were subsequently characterized by certain methods like Ultra Violet-Visible spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy, etc. Moreover, the efficiency of the synthesized nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents was investigated against <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Aspergillus niger</em>. Using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH), the antioxidant activity of synthesized N-TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) was evaluated. UV–visible spectrophotometry was used to monitor the radical-scavenging activity of N-TiO₂ NPs. The dielectric properties were examined with the help of impedence analyzer and we observed high dielectric constant and very low tangent loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in enhancing MoO3-based photocatalysts for hydrogen production via water splitting","authors":"Ibrahim Alfa ,&nbsp;Hafeez Yusuf Hafeez ,&nbsp;J. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Abdussalam Balarabe Suleiman ,&nbsp;Chifu E. Ndikilar ,&nbsp;Fayez K. Alharbi ,&nbsp;Salisu Abdu","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) is an n-type semiconductor belonging to the family of metal oxides and has been explored for use in energy applications and environmental remediation due to its abundance, low cost, stability, and non-toxicity, with the potential to mitigate the use of expensive noble metals in catalysis. However, inadequacies due to positive conduction band (CB) potential and broad bandgap limit its ability for wide visible absorption photocatalytic application and thus prevent it from performing as a single photocatalyst but rather as a support. The synthesis approach is one of the methods that can help in the industrial scaling of the photocatalysts. This review highlights some of the adopted approaches, including facile exfoliation, hydrothermal, sol-gel, spray pyrolysis, and vapor deposition methods that yield MoO₃ with the desired nanostructure. Important photocatalytic properties, such as electronic, optical, and structural properties, and how the properties contribute to photocatalytic activities (like light absorption, electron densities, and their arrangements) are highlighted. The effect of each of the crystal phases of MoO₃, including orthorhombic (α-MoO₃), monoclinic (β-MoO₃), and hexagonal (h-MoO₃)_, in catalytic applications for hydrogen (H₂) production is discussed. Improvement strategies for strengthened performance in photocatalytic systems by morphology control, introducing defect or oxygen vacancy, modifying crystal structure or phase, and different heterojunction formations are studied. Future perspectives are provided to pave the path for the design and development of the strong composite photocatalyst for energy (H₂) generation <em>via</em> water splitting. Therefore, this review focuses on heterojunctions and non-stoichiometric formation of MoO₃ as a cocatalyst in order to provide insight into developing a low-cost and efficient photocatalyst for better H₂ evolution performance <em>via</em> photocatalytic water splitting for more equitable energy production using renewable sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100629"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large scale synthesis of MoSe2 nanoflowers: Effect of reaction parameters","authors":"Priyanka Phalswal,&nbsp;Pawan K. Khanna","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid synthesis of MoSe₂ nano-flowers is carried out by thermal method employing pre-dissolved Se in 1-octadecene and sodium or ammonium molybdate as precursors with surfactants such as oleic acid and/or oleylamine. As-synthesized samples were analysed by XRD, FE-SEM/EDAX, HRTEM, AFM, XPS, DSC, PL and Raman spectroscopy etc. The broad XRD pattern indicated cluster diameter to be in nano-meter regime. The HRTEM confirmed flower shape morphology composed of ultrathin sheets. AFM revealed layered structure stacked with more than 10 layers. The high-resolution Mo(3d) XPS spectra showed two peaks for 3d_5/2 and 3d_3/2 spins of Mo with binding energy values of 228.3 eV and 231.4 eV. The synthesized MoSe₂ showed mild photo-catalytic activity against MB dye. However, the sintering of MoSe₂ led to formation of MoO₃ nano-particles which showed excellent photocatalytic performance yielding more than 90 % MB dye degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mn2+ and Mn4+ competition in photoluminescence and persistent luminescence","authors":"Hei-Yui Kai,&nbsp;Ka-Leung Wong,&nbsp;Peter A. Tanner","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>M₂La₃Sb₃O₁₄ (M = Mg, Zn, Mn) exhibit ordered, and for Ca, disordered, rhombohedral pyrochlore systems. The photoluminescence (PL) and persistent luminescence (PersL) has been studied for the Mn-doped Mg, Zn and Ca systems in addition to M = Mn, with major focus upon the Mg system. The systems exhibit differences in the Mn²⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ PL, and also in the PersL. In addition to bandgap excitation, the PersL of Mn²⁺ is due to metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) rather than tunneling. The thermally stimulated luminescence (TL) and PersL decay kinetics have been fitted to give kinetics order and activation energies. The shallowest trap for M = Mg (Zn) has the activation energy of 0.42 eV (0.71 eV) and obeys second order kinetics. TL and temperature-stop (<em>T</em>_STOP) data can explain the anomalous temperature quenching of Mn²⁺ PL, whereas the Mn⁴⁺ PL follows a single barrier model. Using the determined vacuum referred binding energy (VRBE) data, the PersL results for M = Mg have been rationalized. The unusual properties enable a novel anti-counterfeiting material device to be constructed. Our results are especially relevant for Physical, Inorganic and Materials Chemists to understand and tune PL and PersL properties of solid state systems. It is found that disorder is not a criterion for improvement of PersL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100610"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-functional Ag2O-NiO composite bio-catalyst: Efficacy in breast cancer and anti-microbial properties","authors":"Deepu Habbanakuppe Ramakrishnegowda ,&nbsp;Sweekar Baradekoppa Ramesh ,&nbsp;Kampalapura S. Chandrakantha ,&nbsp;Shobith Rangappa ,&nbsp;Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa ,&nbsp;Maralinganadoddi P. Sadashiva","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silver and nickel composites are known for enhancing biocatalytic activity and have substantial potential in biomedical engineering due to their comprehensive applications. Here, we synthesized an Ag₂O/NiO composite using the microwave hydrothermal method and characterized it by XRD, SEM, DLS, FTIR, TEM, and XPS analysis. The Ag₂O/NiO composite catalyst was tested against the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and showed dose-dependent growth inhibition with IC₅₀ values of 100, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/ml⁻¹ as determined by the MTT assay. In addition, the composite showed antimicrobial activity against <em>Escherichia coli (MTCC 7410), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 7443), Fusarium oxysporum (RCMB 001004),</em> and <em>Aspergillus niger (RCMB 02724).</em> These results suggest that the Ag₂O/NiO composite is an active biocatalyst with promising antimicrobial and anticancer properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding lithiation induced volume variations and its impact on porous cobaltite (LiCo2O4) for Li-ion battery cathodes","authors":"L. Maake,&nbsp;B. Shibiri,&nbsp;P.E. Ngoepe,&nbsp;R.S. Ledwaba","doi":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinel LiCo₂O₄ exhibits superlative electrochemical performance due to its high Li⁺ diffusion rate; meanwhile, porous nanomaterials offer large surface areas and pore volume, allowing materials to expand freely with lithiation. However, it is very difficult to synthesise LiCo₂O₄ through conventional methods. As such, it has become redundant over the years. Therefore, herein, molecular dynamics simulation methods are employed to investigate the porosity and structural changes of three lithiated Li_1+xCo₂O₄ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanoporous materials with cell dimensions of 67, 69, and 75 Å during the discharge process to improve their cycling performance and structural stability. The radial distribution functions showed structures, which have sufficiently amorphised and recrystallised with lithiation. Furthermore, the simulated XRDs showed peaks that correspond to the formation of the cobaltite LiCo₂O₄ spinel when compared to experimental results. In addition, the XRDs also show significant peak shifts, splits, and broadening with increasing lithium concentration. This may be attributed to structural changes and phase transitions from cubic to tetragonal symmetry since multi-grained structures are observed at the Li_1.75Co₂O₄ concentration. Pore size changes in the materials are also observed with increasing lithium concentration, and the nanoporous materials experience some volume changes during the discharge process. Nanoporous 69 Å material is observed to have a great overall volume increase compared to its counterparts. However, all the nanoporous materials retain their structural integrity upon full lithiation at Li_2.00Co₂O₄; indicating their potential to enhance the cycling performance and structural stability of LiCo₂O₄ cathodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100958,"journal":{"name":"Next Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}