Polysaccharides as functional biomaterials in 3D bioprinting: Strategies for antimicrobial applications

Abstract

3D bioprinting enables the creation of biomimetic tissue structures using bioinks made from living cells and various biomaterials. Polysaccharides are increasingly valued for their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial potential, whether inherent or achieved through functionalization, addressing challenges such as microbial infections in tissue engineering. This article aims to explore the role of polysaccharides in the fabrication of 3D bioprinted constructs with enhanced antimicrobial properties. It investigates unique properties, applications, and limitations of 3D bioprinting materials to improve tissue engineering outcomes while tackling microbial infections and structural challenges. Polysaccharides, such as chitosan and alginate, offer varied antimicrobial and mechanical properties. Some polysaccharides possess inherent antimicrobial capabilities, while others require functionalization. Challenges like low mechanical strength, scalability, and printability can be overcome through chemical modifications and hybrid bioink formulations. Polysaccharides exhibit significant potential for 3D bioprinting owing to their antibacterial properties and customizable characteristics. Improvements in modification techniques and sustainable practices are crucial for tackling contemporary difficulties and facilitating their wider implementation in tissue engineering as well as regenerative therapies. It can be concluded from the literature that polysaccharide-based 3D-printed material can be easily developed for tissue engineering applications; additionally, these bioconstructs have enhanced antimicrobial properties.