New Crops最新文献

{"title":"The bioinformatic tools, characteristics, biological functions and molecular mechanisms associated with plant circular RNA","authors":"Xiaowen Han ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Wai Kyaw Htet Wai ,&nbsp;Junliang Yin ,&nbsp;Yongxing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules formed through the back-splicing of precursor mRNA, widely found in eukaryotes. They regulate linear mRNA expression and fulfill various biological roles, including serving as miRNA sponges, interacting with proteins to modulate pathways, and influencing protein translation. CircRNAs have been extensively studied for their significant roles in plant growth, development, and responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses. This review presents a comprehensive summary of bioinformatics tools, online databases, characteristics, research methods, potential biological functions and molecular mechanisms of circRNA in plants. It specifically delves into strategies for studying circRNAs, including techniques for overexpression, silencing, and knockdown. Furthermore, it highlights molecular studies on the role of circRNA in plant growth and stress responses. The discussed mechanisms include circRNA acting as miRNA sponges, regulating parental gene expression, interacting with proteins, and exhibiting potential translational functions. By offering a detailed overview of plant circRNAs, this review aims to deepen researchers´ understanding and provide valuable insights for future circRNA studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precise control of falling flowers and fruits is a key part of improving quality and efficiency","authors":"Gaofeng Liu,&nbsp;Zixin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The strategic implementation of measures to minimize and optimize the timing of fruit drop plays a critical role in enhancing both quality and efficiency. Recent studies in <em>Arabidopsis</em> have substantiated the role of a complex kinase axis, centered on BR-SIGNALING KINASE 1 (BSK1), which regulates organ abscission in plants. These findings revealed that BSK proteins may act as scaffolds for assembling HAESA/HAESA-LIKE2 (HAE/HSL2) and YODA (YDA), facilitating YDA activation by plasma membrane receptors. Once activated, YDA initiates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation cascade, which ultimately triggers abscission. Furthermore, research suggests that this process involves a diverse range of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for investigating similar processes in other crops, significantly advancing the field of plant abscission research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The selection and utilization of heading date loci in modern wheat breeding","authors":"Zhiwei Zhu,&nbsp;Xiangjun Lai,&nbsp;Yuanfei Zhang,&nbsp;Jialiang Zhang,&nbsp;Ji Shuang,&nbsp;Shengbao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2025.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2025.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heading and flowering timing are critical factors in wheat breeding for variety adaptation and yield. In this study, we identified four key QTLs associated with these traits in 406 accessions across various environments. Modern wheat varieties tend to exhibit earlier heading and flowering times compared to traditional landraces. This trend demonstrates a shift towards faster development in modern wheat, particularly in the Yangtze River wheat zone. Notably, three out of the four haplotypes associated with accelerated development are common in different Chinese agroecological zones. These favored haplotypes may enhance modern wheat yields by increasing grain weight. Our research highlights the importance of selecting optimal heading and flowering times in contemporary wheat breeding. This understanding can help balance rapid development with yield maximization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of rice seed germination","authors":"Dong Fu ,&nbsp;Wenhua Wu ,&nbsp;Ghazala Mustafa ,&nbsp;Yong Yang ,&nbsp;Pingfang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice is a fundamental dietary worldwide. With the increasing adoption of direct seeding in rice cultivation, the need for rapid and synchronized germination, even under submerged conditions, has become critical. Additionally, addressing challenges such as pre-harvest sprouting and germination under various stress conditions is vital for improving rice production. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control rice seed germination is essential. Numerous studies have highlighted the pivotal roles of the phytohormones gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in modulating rice seed germination, similar to their roles in <em>Arabidopsis</em>. Key factors, including genes that regulate germination under submergence, have been identified, further advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. This review synthesizes recent progress in the field, providing insights into the regulation of rice seed germination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facing chilling, kinase-transcription factors relay cold tolerance signals","authors":"Ying Chen,&nbsp;Tiantian Ye,&nbsp;Shaoqing Tang,&nbsp;Peisong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.), native to tropical regions, is highly vulnerable to low temperatures, limiting its geographical range and posing a substantial threat to global rice production. Our understanding of the molecular basis for cold tolerance in rice remains incomplete. A recent study identified OsERF52, an AP2/ERF transcription factor, as a new upstream regulator of <em>OsCBF</em>s, through a mutant screening approach. Under cold stress, phosphorylation of OsERF52 at Ser261 by OsSAPK9 not only stabilizes the protein but also enhances its interaction with IPA1 and OsICE1/OsbHLH002, leading to an increase in <em>OsCBF</em> transcription and enhanced chilling tolerance. Importantly, plants with a base-edited <em>OsERF52</em>^{<em>S261D</em>}<em>-3HA</em> allele show improved cold resistance without yield loss under normal conditions. After chilling stress at the booting stage, these plants had significantly higher seed-setting rates than controls. These findings establish OsERF52 as a key regulator of <em>OsCBF</em>s, highlight a novel kinase-transcription factor complex that modulates cold response, and provide valuable genetic resources for breeding cold-tolerant rice varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and modern biotechnological strategies for enhancing salt tolerance in crops","authors":"Jingya Yuan,&nbsp;Hongwei Cao,&nbsp;Wenlang Qin,&nbsp;Shijie Yang,&nbsp;Daiwei Zhang,&nbsp;Lin Zhu,&nbsp;Huiling Song,&nbsp;Qun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme climate change and rapid population growth present significant challenges to global food security. Among these challenges, salt stress is a critical abiotic factor adversely affecting agricultural productivity worldwide. Plants respond to salinity through mechanisms such as ion homeostasis, osmoregulation, activation of antioxidant defense systems, and phytohormone signaling, all of which serve to mitigate ion toxicity and osmotic stress. Despite ongoing efforts, advancements in the breeding and rigorous selection of salt-tolerant crops have been limited. Furthermore, the full potential of genetic diversity found in crop landraces and their wild relatives remains largely unexplored. Investigating novel genes from wild relatives of crops presents a promising opportunity to identify superior salt-tolerant haplotypes. Genomic and molecular approaches for precision breeding are well-positioned to expedite the development of salt-tolerant cultivars. Consequently, this review aims to investigate novel salt-tolerant genes and the application of modern biotechnological tools to enhance salinity tolerance in crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring membrane proteins dynamic in plant cells with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy","authors":"Wenwen Duan ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Li ,&nbsp;Jialu Li ,&nbsp;Ning Ding ,&nbsp;Suting Wang ,&nbsp;Yaling Zou ,&nbsp;Zihao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhikun Duan ,&nbsp;Jingjing Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biomolecule interactions and macromolecular rearrangement participate in numerous cellular functions in plants, and resolving the dynamics of plasma membrane proteins represents a central goal in current plant biology. Compared to yeast and mammalian systems, the quantification of heterogeneous distribution and dynamics of membrane proteins in cellular processes remains sparse in plant cells. In this study, we introduce the application of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) in measuring membrane protein diffusion, concentration and interactions in living plant cell. The review showed FCS/FCCS as a tool for imaging the membrane proteins fused with a fluorescent tag, quantifying the density fluctuation and interactions of membrane proteins in the living cells of plants. Owing to the single-molecular level sensitivity and minimally invasive of FCS/FCCS, their application provides an ideal approach to understanding plant cell membrane lateral organization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949952624000220/pdfft?md5=8b585007e241f47dc6d0734582e845ea&pid=1-s2.0-S2949952624000220-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of rice with low cadmium accumulation in grain using single segment substitution line","authors":"Xue Yuan ,&nbsp;Ruiqing Liang ,&nbsp;Gan Wang ,&nbsp;Shuaipeng Ma ,&nbsp;Na Liu ,&nbsp;Yongfu Gong ,&nbsp;Susan R. Mccouch ,&nbsp;Haitao Zhu ,&nbsp;Zupei Liu ,&nbsp;Zhan Li ,&nbsp;GuiFu Liu ,&nbsp;Suhong Bu ,&nbsp;Guiquan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaokui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) is a major dietary source of cadmium (Cd). Developing rice varieties with reduced Cd levels in the grain is a cost-effective and practical approach to enhance food safety, particularly in regions with high Cd contamination. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation in rice grains are not fully understood. In this study, we identified eight quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with Cd accumulation in rice grains through substitution mapping using single segment substitution lines (SSSLs). These QTLs, named <em>qCd‐2‐1</em>, <em>qCd‐3‐1</em>, <em>qCd‐3‐2</em>, <em>qCd‐5‐1</em>, <em>qCd‐6‐1</em>, <em>qCd‐7‐1</em>, <em>qCd‐8‐1</em>, and <em>qCd‐11‐1</em>, are distributed across seven chromosomes. Notably, the <em>qCd‐5‐1</em> and <em>qCd‐6‐1</em> loci are reported for the first time. We performed a detailed haplotype analysis of candidate genes related to heavy metal metabolism, specifically focusing on Cd accumulation. All SSSLs carrying alleles from donor parents exhibited a significant reduction in Cd accumulation, with additive effects ranging from −0.061 to −0.105. To further develop rice varieties with lower Cd accumulation in the grain, we developed six pyramided lines through crossing and marker-assisted selection. These pyramided lines showed significantly reduced Cd content in the grain compared to the elite <em>indica</em> recurrent parent, Huajingxian74 (HJX74). Importantly, most agronomic characteristics of the pyramided lines were similar to those of HJX74. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that identifying and pyramiding QTLs associated with reduced Cd accumulation is an effective strategy for developing rice varieties with lower Cd content in the grain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949952624000256/pdfft?md5=61cdc6f2ccf2f2c4cb569ac619d06707&pid=1-s2.0-S2949952624000256-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development and prospects of insect-resistant crops expressing double-strand RNAs","authors":"Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Shihui Li ,&nbsp;Zaihui Zhou ,&nbsp;Weihua Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>RNA interference (RNAi) triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has shown effectiveness against many major agricultural insect pests worldwide. With its remarkable specificity and high efficiency, RNAi holds great promise for modern pest management in agriculture. Modern plant biotechnology has advanced the use of plant-mediated RNAi for pest control, known as host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), which specifically targets essential genes in pest species. It has now been over 20 years since HIGS was first introduced. This review will summarize recent progress in developing insect-resistant crops that express dsRNA, and will discuss the future potential of this technology in agricultural pest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling CRISPR/Cas in rapeseed: Triumphs, trials, and tomorrow","authors":"Shahid Ullah Khan ,&nbsp;Minchao Qian ,&nbsp;Shengting Li ,&nbsp;Yonghai Fan ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Chang ,&nbsp;Osama Alam ,&nbsp;Sumbul Saeed ,&nbsp;Kun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ncrops.2024.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genome-editing technique has revolutionized our understanding of plant genomes. Over a decade ago, scientists began using CRISPR/Cas to rapidly breed plant species, model and non-model crops, and modify plant genomes to study specific genes and metabolic pathways. While the CRISPR/Cas system holds immense potential for genome editing, numerous obstacles may prevent it from fully realizing this potential. This paper reviews the history and current state of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing technology in rapeseed. Our discussion focuses on the advancements CRISPR/Cas9 has made in enhancing plant characteristics such as yield traits, quality, and disease resistance. To provide comprehensive insights for research focused on gene function studies or genetic improvement through genome editing technology, we review the latest progress in plant applications using emerging precise genome editing technologies and discuss the limitations, including technological hurdles. We also explore CRISPR/Cas applications in oilseed rape to achieve improved results within this framework. This review covers genes controlling abiotic stresses in rapeseed at various developmental stages and examines related literature on CRISPR/Cas technology applications. While much remains to be discovered, the existing background information will guide future investigations into genetic enhancement using CRISPR, beyond what is discussed here. We believe this literature will inspire deep interest and create new opportunities for scientists working on rapeseed improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100953,"journal":{"name":"New Crops","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}