Nature-Based Solutions最新文献

{"title":"Indigenous knowledge driven nature-based solutions: findings from an international design competition","authors":"Maibritt Pedersen Zari ,&nbsp;Mercia Abbott ,&nbsp;India Chenery ,&nbsp;Huhana Smith ,&nbsp;Rebecca Kiddle ,&nbsp;Lama Tone ,&nbsp;Selina Ershadi","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nature-based solutions (NbS) strengthen biodiversity and ecosystems but should also centre human wellbeing. Understandings of wellbeing differ however and relate closely to cultural values, relationships with nature, and worldviews. This means that NbS can hold very different meanings across contexts, reflecting varying cultural values and understandings of wellbeing. This is true in the culturally diverse region of <em>Te Moananui</em> Oceania (the island nations of the Pacific), where relationships to nature and cultural worldviews are unique. The region is where many nations most impacted by climate change are located. NbS offer significant potential for effective climate change adaptation and are increasingly being explored and utilized in <em>Te Moananui</em> Oceania.</div><div>To explore nature-based adaptation agendas grounded in Indigenous ecological knowledge and cultural understandings of wellbeing, and to strengthen connections between NbS and place-based worldviews in urban climate adaptation, an international design competition focused on urban NbS in <em>Te Moananui</em> Oceania was held in 2023. This design-led research methodology was used to both understand how people were already thinking about and implementing NbS in relation to the range of Indigenous knowledge in the region as a means to adapt to climate change. The competition was also a means to capture and exhibit the collective imagination regarding climate futures in an inclusive, enabling, and impactful way. Strategies offered by competition entrants in turn informed ongoing research into how to design effective NbS in the region. We examine the usefulness of the design competition as a research methodology, and its suitability to bridge cultural differences, political agendas, and varying worldviews in the climate change adaptation arena.</div><div>Findings from over 70 entries revealed that working with water-based ecologies, storytelling, and relational place-based design were recurring themes. Many projects combined Indigenous and contemporary knowledge systems, suggesting that hybrid approaches have value. We argue that design competitions can be effective research tools; supporting dialogue across worldviews and illustrating contextually grounded strategies for just climate adaptation. For climate adaptation to be realistic, effective, culturally relevant, and just, a deep and considered understanding of connection to place and a place’s people is vital.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature-based solutions: typologies, ecological processes and benefit valuation approaches across landscapes","authors":"Julian Eduardo Lozano ,&nbsp;Doan Nainggolan ,&nbsp;Viktoria Kofler ,&nbsp;Michael Kernitzkyi ,&nbsp;Andrea Staccione ,&nbsp;Chiara Bidoli ,&nbsp;Jaroslav Mysiak ,&nbsp;Marianne Zandersen","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nature-based Solutions (NbS) can generate multiple benefits to society through the protection, restoration and renaturing of ecosystems across landscapes. NbS restore the ecological functions of degraded ecosystems and generate ecosystem services that can help counter challenges of biodiversity loss, climate change adaptation and mitigation, regulation of environmental pollution, health and well-being while offering an opportunity for job creation and a systemic change towards a nature-positive economy. Building on the description of NbS typologies across different landscapes, as well as the associated ecological processes that underpin NbS actions, we identify the societal challenges that NbS help to alleviate and the resulting societal benefits. This foundation allows the paper to explore diverse economic assessment methods for valuing ecosystem services, placing these methods within the context of landscapes, while also linking them to the benefits derived from NbS. By examining the connections between NbS across landscapes, societal challenges, ecological processes and NbS benefits, we are able to reposition traditional ecosystem valuation methods within a new and emerging context, emphasizing the need for enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration. Our analysis of NbS benefits and valuation methods builds targeted peer-reviewed literature, EU publications and reports, and iterative interactions with organizations partaking in NbS projects. The paper provides valuable insights crucial for well-informed resource allocation and financing decisions of policymakers. While primarily serving as a guiding framework, it also offers information to a wider audience, including practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of NbS typologies, NbS-related benefits, and their economic implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing nature-based solutions: Insights from private contractors and consultants","authors":"Julia J. Aguilera-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Anna Scolobig ,&nbsp;Juliette G.C. Martin ,&nbsp;JoAnne Linnerooth-Bayer","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With strong backing from global initiatives, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognized for their potential to address multiple socio-environmental challenges. However, despite such recognition, on-the-ground implementation remains limited, as traditional ‘grey’ measures continue to dominate agendas. While extensive research has explored the broader barriers and enablers to NbS adoption, little attention has been given to the challenges and opportunities faced by private-sector professionals directly involved in their implementation process as contractors or consultants. A clear understanding of these challenges is crucial, as these actors play a central role in translating NbS concepts into tangible projects and shaping their effectiveness and sustainability. To address this gap, we interviewed 17 professionals across Europe who have contributed to NbS projects in contractor or consultant roles. Our findings reveal key challenges, including limited NbS-specific expertise and skills, difficulties in recruiting and retaining skilled staff, insufficient evidence of NbS effectiveness, and constrained funding that limits work opportunities. Other obstacles include the absence of regulations and clear standards, a persistent reliance on traditional ‘grey’ infrastructure, a siloed mindset among project owners, competition, administrative complexities, and concerns over risks and liability. Despite these challenges, our study revealed strategic opportunities in actions such as networking and collaboration, leveraging available data and technology, capitalizing on green market growth, forming multidisciplinary teams, and increasing training and awareness efforts. We recommend future research on the expertise and knowledge required for different NbS categories and professional roles, as it would help enhance capabilities and support more effective contributions to NbS implementation and scaling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosystem and disaster risk: A review of ecological indicators in the context of disaster risk assessments and discussion of their usefulness to inform ecosystem health","authors":"S. Janzen ,&nbsp;L. Narvaez ,&nbsp;A. Ortiz-Vargas ,&nbsp;J. O‘Connor ,&nbsp;Y. Walz ,&nbsp;Z. Sebesvari","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecosystems play a critical role in reducing disaster risk by providing ecosystem services (ESS) that influence all components of risk. The capacity to deliver ESS depends on the health of the ecosystem itself. Thus, it is key to consider ecosystem health in risk assessments for a comprehensive understanding of disaster risk and effective disaster risk management. The paper reviews ecosystem-related indicators used in disaster risk or vulnerability assessments to better understand how, and to what degree, ecosystems and their health are currently considered in indicator-based assessments relating to flood, drought and storms. Of 231 reviewed papers just under half recognise ecosystems’ role in disaster risk, and only some 35 % use “ecologically-relevant” indicators, showing that ecological systems and their health are generally underrepresented in risk and/or vulnerability assessments. Among the 284 indicators extracted from the papers, most do not capture health directly, with over 60 % being land use land cover (LULC)-related indicators, which offer little insights on the condition of the ecosystem. This paper emphasises the need to move beyond LULC. It identifies indicators that represent characteristics of a healthy ecosystem, linked to <em>e.g.</em> biodiversity and ecosystem connectivity and calls for ecological baselines for understanding and monitoring ecosystem health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water sustainability strategies and policies in Mexico: Comparative insights from Latin America","authors":"Jose Roberto Espinoza-Villegas ,&nbsp;Fatima Ezzahra Housni ,&nbsp;Mariana Lares-Michel ,&nbsp;Jose Guadalupe Salazar Estrada ,&nbsp;Nicoletta Righini ,&nbsp;Virginia Gabriela Aguilera Cervantes","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unsustainable agricultural practices and climate change are exacerbating water insecurity in Latin America and Mexico. Although the region retains significant freshwater resources, unequal access to safe water and sanitation remains a persistent issue. Moreover, water governance is often fragmented, reactive, and constrained by institutional weaknesses. This review analyzes water management strategies and policy frameworks in Latin America—with a special focus on Mexico—through the lenses of governance, legal instruments, citizen participation, nature-based solutions, and the circular economy. It assesses both achievements and unresolved challenges in implementing sustainable water policies, applying a multidimensional perspective that integrates social, ecological, economic, and institutional factors. Case studies highlight the potential of participatory models—such as community-managed systems and basin councils—and examine barriers including privatization, regulatory gaps, and limited local capacity. Based on a comprehensive review of academic and institutional literature published up to March 2025, the article offers recommendations to align national water legislation with human rights and the Sustainable Development Goals, strengthen local water operators, and promote multisectoral policy integration. The findings underscore the urgency of adopting science-based, inclusive, and context-sensitive policies to build resilient and equitable water governance systems under increasing climate and socio-political pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culturally appropriate nature-based solutions policy settings supporting Indigenous Peoples in Australia—International lessons and applications","authors":"Kamaljit K Sangha ,&nbsp;Ronju Ahammad ,&nbsp;Jeremy Russell-Smith ,&nbsp;Marcello Hernández-Blanco ,&nbsp;Octavio Pérez-Maqueo ,&nbsp;Robert Costanza","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are fast emerging as action-based approaches to address climate change, biodiversity decline, land degradation, conservation and socio-economic issues. Among a wide range of NbS approaches, Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) is one of the famous and tried approaches that have been developed and implemented in several countries to date, offering lessons to be learnt for developing innovative NbS-PES ‘systems’ which are beyond the typical market approach and related policy settings, particularly to benefit Indigenous perspectives. To develop such Indigenous-specific PES or more appropriately incentivising schemes for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs), we analyse and draw lessons from three famous PES schemes from Costa Rica, Mexico, and the Biodiversity Conservation Trust (BCT) from New South Wales (NSW), Australia. We examine their operational policy infrastructure and mechanisms for governing, monitoring, and payments/incentives for Ecosystem Services (ES). One common feature of the selected schemes is the pivotal role of national (Costa Rica and Mexico) and state (NSW) governments in developing specific legislation and regulatory guidelines to mediate these programmes, establish a national/state fund and authority to monitor the contracted conservation sites—offering a standardised and credible arrangement for ES providers and beneficiaries while reducing transactional costs for all parties. Other key learnings include applying a simple, input-based approach and paying land managers on a per-hectare basis for ES as a bundle, using simple indicators such as the state of the forest/ecosystem as a proxy for ES—offering insights for developing nature-based markets for Indigenous peoples in Australia and IPLCs globally. While planning Indigenous-specific schemes, we emphasise that it is critical to consider sociocultural and economic settings in which locals operate to develop equitable and sustainable mechanisms, given that many IPLCs’ value systems are societal and their relationships with nature often lie outside the typical market regimes. Applying IPLCs’ perspectives, we explore a Common Assets Trust model at a state/national scale as an alternative to the market approaches that can afford a common platform for stakeholders to exchange, govern, and monitor ES while also promoting the development of equitable, sustainable, and culturally appropriate incentivizing mechanisms involving low transactional and monitoring costs for IPLCs globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"City-civil society dynamics in urban green infrastructure development in Munich: governance features and their impacts","authors":"Elizaveta Fakirova ,&nbsp;Martina van Lierop ,&nbsp;Hade Dorst ,&nbsp;Stephan Pauleit","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global climate change and urbanization exacerbate challenges like biodiversity loss and environmental injustice. Urban green infrastructure (UGI) offers ecological, social, and economic benefits, fostering resilient and sustainable cities. However, UGI development is significantly hindered by the limited collaboration between governmental and non-governmental actors.</div><div>Market, state, third sector and civil society engage in UGI governance modes that range from hierarchical to non-hierarchical. The interplay between city administrations and civil society is particularly crucial, as it enhances democratic decision-making, transparency, and alignment with strategic UGI planning goals.</div><div>Applying the Environmental Governance Framework, this study analyzes seven UGI interventions in Munich representing different governance modes to explore the factors influencing city-civil society interactions throughout the UGI development.</div><div>Four shared factors emerged: limited information distribution during idea development, which plays a dual role as both a barrier and an enabler, knowledge ownership, limited motivation to collaborate during implementation, and ambiguity in responsibilities spanning both implementation and management phases.</div><div>The study highlights the role of spatial factors in shaping actor arrangements and reveals that governance modes shift throughout the UGI development process, underscoring the importance of prioritizing shared barriers, as they impact both governance modes.</div><div>To enhance city-civil society interactions, we advocate for a systems thinking approach that prioritises shared factors while moving beyond addressing barriers in isolation toward a systemic understanding of governance interactions.</div><div>This approach supports scholars and practitioners in identifying pathways to enhance city-civil society interactions, ultimately contributing to more adaptive and inclusive UGI governance, regardless of the governance mode in place.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional green wall in primary school. An integrated approach between academics and local governance to improve educational environment","authors":"Elena Comino ,&nbsp;Laura Dominici ,&nbsp;Chiara Baldacchini ,&nbsp;Silvia Barbero ,&nbsp;Laura Ribotta","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are increasingly adopted to reintroduce nature and vegetation and provide ecosystem services in cities. In the framework of NbS, green walls are implemented in outdoors and indoors for multifunctional purposes providing physical, psychological and social benefits for humans. Beyond these positive aspects, how can this type of NbS be efficiently implemented inside public buildings? What are the main constraints? How can local communities and municipalities manage the process to implement multi-functional indoor green walls in public buildings? This study offers an overview of these aspects based on the experience gained during the proGIreg project. It describes the case study of a primary school in the Municipality of Turin (Italy) involved in the project as a Living Lab that hosts an indoor green wall to provide multifunctional benefits including the improvement of indoor air quality and pro-environmental behaviour of students. The case study demonstrates potentialities offered by the indoor green wall to reduce the risk of air pollution exposure of students and school staff. Moreover, the indoor green wall is presented as an educational tool used to introduce NbS and their benefits to students and teachers through a specific educational program. This contribution describes the multi-perspective methodology adopted to involve all the actors of the quadruple helix innovation model (academic experts, technicians from companies, the municipality, and civil society) in the co-creation process. The design process is presented to introduce technical requirements and practical information for implementing indoor green walls in primary schools and providing indications to replicate the application in other contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature-based solutions: leveraging the coastal protective potential of seagrass in the Jade Bay region","authors":"Luciana Villa Castrillón ,&nbsp;Benjamin Jacob ,&nbsp;Thomas H. Badewien ,&nbsp;Joanna Staneva","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses the potential of seagrass meadows as a Nature-based Solution (NbS) to mitigate coastal risks in two locations within the southern German Wadden Sea: Jade Bay and the Outer Weser estuary. Using the unstructured-grid model framework SCHISM (Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model), coupled with wind wave and sediment transport modules, we simulated hydrodynamic processes over a two-year period (2019–2020), with a focus on the impact of an extreme weather event. We examined the hydrodynamic, wave, and sediment effects of seagrass presence versus absence under both typical and storm conditions and evaluated two restoration site scenarios. The results demonstrate that seagrass can substantially attenuate wave heights (up to 40 %) and bed shear stress (up to 70 %). Risk mapping further indicates that seagrass consistently reduces areas classified as high erosion risk and delays the onset of sediment resuspension during storms. These findings emphasize the protective function of seagrass and support its broader application as a scalable and adaptive strategy for enhancing coastal resilience under climate-driven pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of nature-based solutions to address water challenges in the Greater Mekong Subregion: a systematic mapping","authors":"Khaing Su Lwin ,&nbsp;Ridhi Saluja ,&nbsp;Sushmita Mandal ,&nbsp;Chayanis Krittasudthacheewa","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2025.100283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) faces escalating water-related challenges, including floods, droughts, sea-level rise, and coastal erosion. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) offer a promising approach to address these challenges, yet their long-term effectiveness is difficult to evaluate and remains under-monitored, limiting policy uptake. This systematic mapping reviews scientific evidence from 2012 to 2023 on NbS implemented for water challenges in the GMS. Findings reveal a regional imbalance, with most studies in Vietnam and Thailand, and limited representation in Myanmar, Lao PDR, and Cambodia. NbS interventions most documented include mangrove protection or restoration (13 %), forest protection or restoration (13 %), and wetland creation or restoration (11 %). Coastal protection (31 %) and flood management (25 %) are the primary challenges addressed, while fewer studies focus on water quality, storage, or supply. About half of the studies assessed multiple outcomes; 33 % focused only on ecological outcomes, with fewer examining social (14 %) or economic outcomes (9 %), though co-benefits such as recreation and thermal comfort were noted. Over half of the studies (55 %) met criteria for socioeconomic benefits, sustainability, natural resource conservation, and multifunctionality, while 45 % did not fully address these. Research gaps remain in underrepresented countries and less-studied outcomes, including the role and implications of revitalizing traditional knowledge within NbS framework, highlighting the need for more comprehensive evaluation to support integration of NbS into national and regional water management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145464933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}