Nature-Based Solutions最新文献

{"title":"The role of healthy wetlands in mitigating volcanic tephra impacts in Northern Patagonia","authors":"Andrea Soledad Enriquez ,&nbsp;Manuela Fernández ,&nbsp;Fernando Umaña ,&nbsp;María Victoria Cremona","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In natural grasslands under extensive grazing, volcanic events pose risks to livestock health and production. Volcanic tephra tends to persist and remain remobilized for years in arid and semi-arid environments, which can be problematic. Healthy wet meadow-wetlands developed in the bottom valleys of Northern Patagonia, Argentina, offer a natural solution for mitigating volcanic tephra impacts. By combining existing geographic information (North Patagonia wetland distribution map and tephra fallout deposit map), the extent of wet meadows affected by the 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex (PCCVC) volcano was calculated. The regional amount of available forage in the aftermath of the eruption was estimated through field assessments of aerial net primary production (ANPP); this was conducted during the first peak of plant growth after the PCCVC volcanic event in 5 m x 5 m paired plots, both with and without manually removed tephra a month after the event. To compare the tephra effect on vegetation type throughout time, normalized vegetation index (NDVI) was used to monitor plant activity two years before, the following year, and five years after the PCCVC event in wet meadows and surrounding steppes. In addition, the regional amount of tephra removed from the environment and stabilized in the soil was assessed using prior research findings of ash immobilization and stabilization within meadow soil profiles five years after the PCCVC event. Around 106,000 ha (52%) of North Patagonian meadows were identified to be exposed to volcanic hazard. The plant growing season following the eruption generated, on average, 3929±2146 kg DM ha⁻¹, indicating an active functional wet meadow recovery despite a 25-20% reduction in ANPP due to the tephra effect. NDVI data supported these findings, with the historical maximum level (0.46±0.02) being restored the year following the event, while surrounding steppes recovered at least three years after. Healthy wet meadows mitigated the adverse effects of around 2279 tons of regional tephra, while simultaneously providing nearly half a billion tons of fodder production the year following the eruption- a critical period of cattle food scarcity. These findings highlight the reduction of negative impacts following recurrent volcanic eruptions and underscore the positive effects of conserving, restoring, and sustainably managing wetlands as a Nature-Based Solution for Disaster Risk Reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-creating the design of equitable ecosystem restoration using the voluntary carbon market - six principles","authors":"Max Whitman ,&nbsp;Neil Powell ,&nbsp;Magnus Bergström ,&nbsp;Marvin Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The voluntary carbon market (VCM) has emerged as a funding source for ecosystem restoration and climate action. Despite its potential, legitimate concerns about its effectiveness and fairness have been raised. Drawing on a case study from La Mosquitia, eastern Honduras, this paper examines how the co-creating the design of climate compensation initiatives can contribute to ecologically sensitive restoration and equitable development. Our findings suggest that the VCM can enable a meaningful co-creation of project design, including the project longevity required to attend to diverse interests and the flexibility needed for adaptive implementation. Growing out critically engaging with the La Mosquitia case study, we have identified six principles underpinning a well-designed restoration project. They include 1) treating carbon sequestration as a development vehicle, and not a goal; 2) adapting to context; 3) support negotiated decision making; 4) designing social infrastructures that foster learning and innovation; 5) diversifying income streams and; 6) focusing on transparency. By paying attention to these principles, we argue that the VCM can orchestrate the restoration of ecosystems in diverse habitats across the planet in the years to come. By reflecting on co-creation for ecosystem restoration and rural development, this paper thus contributes to ongoing conversations on how to design and implement compensation schemes that deliver on the intention of restoring ecosystems and supporting rural livelihoods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study on algae composition of a river entering Taihu Lake and effect of constructed wetland on algae removal","authors":"Yingming Du,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Xiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to study the effect of vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) on algae removal in the period of algae bloom in Taihu Lake, VFCW was constructed at the riparian area of Xiaoxia River, a river entering Taihu Lake. The algae compositions of water from Xiaoxia River, influent and effluent of VFCW were analyzed and the effect of VFCW on algae removal was studied on different days. The results show that the density and biomass of algae at different sampling sites on different days were quite different, and there was no obvious proportional relationship between the cell density and biomass of algae at the same sampling site at the same sampling time. There are 6 phyla of algae in all the samples, involving 92 species, among which the dominant species are <em>Chlorophyta</em> (35 species), while the least species are <em>Pyrrophyta</em> (2 species). The cell density was dominated by <em>Cyanophyta</em>, and the species were mainly <em>Planktolyngbya subtilis, Microcystis sp., Merismopedia minima</em>. Three sampling tests were conducted on different days in one month, and the results showed that the overall algae removal rates of VFCW on these three days were 70.1 %, 90.2 % and 99.9 % respectively. The average removal rates of different phyla were all above 82.0 %. The algal density and biomass of VFCW effluent were far lower than those of other sampling sites, indicating that VFCW had a good efficiency of algae removal when treating algae-laden water from Xiaoxia River of west island (also called Taihu Ecological Island).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Money talks. A systems perspective on funding and financing barriers to nature-based solutions","authors":"Lieke M. Hüsken ,&nbsp;Jill H. Slinger ,&nbsp;Heleen S.I. Vreugdenhil ,&nbsp;Mónica A. Altamirano","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A financing gap is seen as a crucial barrier, hampering the further uptake and upscaling of Nature-based Solutions (NbS). However, it is not always clear what is meant by this, nor is it clear why this barrier exists and persists. The aim of this paper is to generate an enhanced understanding of financial barriers to NbS. This is accomplished through first conceptually and theoretically clarifying the difference between funding and financing and then exploring these through an integrative literature review. We expose three different dimensions of financial barriers in NbS projects, namely the occurrence of multiple types of funding gaps, the occurrence of multiple types of financing gaps, and the particular and complex cost structures of NbS. NbS funding gaps can be broken down into public funding gaps, private funding gaps, and funding gaps specific for lifecycle phases, activities, and cost types. Bridging the funding gap is a necessary (although not sufficient) condition for bridging the finance gap and financing alone cannot solve a funding problem. We further find that these different dimensions of financial barriers can be explained by the misalignment between the characteristics of NbS and the characteristics of our existing institutions. These misalignments occur through different institutional mechanism, including (i) Funders’ preferences, (ii) Revenue generation enablers, (iii) Justification requirements, (iv) Funders’ regimes, (v) Financiers’ preferences and (vi) Finance application processes. All mechanisms influence the occurrence of public and private funding and financing gaps and they influence the cost structure of NbS, in particular transaction costs. The results of this analysis suggest that overcoming NbS funding and financing challenges requires a systemic, multi-level approach as the barriers to project implementation are not all located within a project's sphere of influence or control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transformations framework for mainstreaming a nature-based solutions approach","authors":"Esther Carmen,&nbsp;Alhassan Ibrahim,&nbsp;Kirsty Blackstock,&nbsp;Kerry Waylen","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the integrity and extent of many natural ecosystems continues to decline, the concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) is gaining traction as a means to reverse such trends. However, uptake of an NbS approach across society is often piecemeal or partial. This paper argues that a deeper connection with the literature on transformations will help realise the full potential of NbS for enabling sustainable futures. Whilst others have already noted the concept of transformations to be relevant to NbS, many insights from the sustainability transformations literature remain underutilised by those working with NbS.</div><div>In this paper, we provide a conceptual framework to enable more ambitious and widespread uptake of NbS. We do this by identifying and drawing on key conceptual perspectives and frameworks from the sustainability transformations literature. This framework identifies key components (current system, future visions, process and an iterative approach) to consider when planning strategic actions. The framework strengthens the links between transformations and NbS concepts for a variety of stakeholders: as well as guiding NbS practitioners, it can also support action-orientated research to help steer NbS to achieve transformational change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese adapting land policy is guiding “photovoltaic plus” as a nature-based solution towards future","authors":"Bing Tan,&nbsp;Ling-Sang Sheng,&nbsp;Qi Yuan,&nbsp;Dong-Fan Xu,&nbsp;Ying-Ying Hao,&nbsp;Si-Qi Zhou,&nbsp;Bin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nature-based solutions (NbS) are emerging as effective tools for achieving sustainable development goals and align closely with China's concepts of ecological civilization. While China has reported numerous NbS cases, the lack of a localized theoretical framework and practical guidelines has led to overlooking NbS practices with Chinese characteristics. This paper firstly summarized existing NbS cases in China, highlighting their focus on ecological restoration while not consistently addressing the full range of future challenges. Consequently, we propose photovoltaic (PV) plus projects (“PV Plus”) as a forward-looking NbS practice. Land policies have played an essential role in driving the evolution of PV projects into “PV Plus” model, unleashing its co-creation potential. Land policies in China for PV have gone through three stages: demonstrative construction, guided development and specialized management, resulting in multifunctionality arising from the co-evolution of PV technology and transformed ecosystems. We present “PV Plus” as a NbS practice classified as co-evolution system, demonstrate how policies guide its integration into local practices, and underscore its capacity for addressing future challenges. A typical example is agri-voltaics, a system where crops are grown beneath solar panels. This approach could deliver economic benefits, reduce land costs, and achieve poverty alleviation through electricity generation. The practical policy lessons in China can lay the foundation for multidisciplinary cooperation of the PV industry and offer valuable insights for the policymakers aiming to achieve multiple goals including energy transition, food security, and socio-economic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring social contracts of disaster risk through twitter narratives during a major storm","authors":"Andressa V. Mansur ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Langhorn ,&nbsp;Donald R. Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social contracts are evolving relationships between the government and the public; they describe the rights and responsibilities of each party in catastrophic hydroclimatic events. As the climate crisis unfolds disaster losses continue to increase and the need for new infrastructure is becoming more apparent. Research suggests that incorporating Nature-based Solutions (NbS) into infrastructure adaptations may reduce exposure and loss and improve social well-being. While researchers and policy makers push for NbS, it is unclear whether they adequately recognize contemporary social contracts and whether these contracts are shifting sufficiently to accept the differences. We operationalize social contracts and test a conceptual approach through analysis of tweets before, during and after Hurricane Ida. Our results indicate a social contract of inequalities manifested through experience, perceptions and expectations of citizens. There is a great deal of uncertainty and feelings of insecurity about the public's perception of government response and resource provisions. Although our results indicated a gap in public perception of NbS, uncertainty about the effectiveness of conventional infrastructure was expressed. Public expectations include an evolving social contract that addresses the challenges related to inequalities while also adapting to climate change. We discuss how this twitter data can be used to understand the role of social contracts in responding to disaster risk and infrastructure adaptation and how inadequacies in current protection measures can inform potential use of NbS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging AI for enhanced alignment of national biodiversity targets with the global biodiversity goals","authors":"Nicole DeSantis ,&nbsp;Christina Supples ,&nbsp;Lea Phillips ,&nbsp;Julien Pigot ,&nbsp;Jamison Ervin ,&nbsp;Toby Wade","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores the innovative application of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically OpenAI's GPT-3.5 model, in assessing the alignment between National Biodiversity Targets (NBTs) and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). Addressing biodiversity loss requires aligning national efforts with global objectives, a complex task due to the vast amount of biodiversity data and the diversity of biodiversity strategies across countries. By leveraging AI, this study introduces a scalable, efficient method to evaluate the congruence between 599 NBTs from 26 countries and the GBF goals and targets. Our methodology combines traditional natural language processing techniques with large language model insights utilizing GPT-3.5 to examine the similarity between national and global biodiversity targets and identify recommendations to enhance target alignment. The study achieves two main objectives: 1) providing actionable insights for countries to accelerate alignment with the GBF through their National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) Target Similarity Assessments, and 2) mapping the global landscape of biodiversity policy alignment to inform strategic planning for the 16th Biodiversity Conference of Parties (COP16). The analysis reveals strong alignment with GBF Goals A and B, as well as Targets 4, 10, and 14, while highlighting areas for improvement in gender equality, biosafety, and business sector engagement. This research demonstrates AI's capacity to streamline biodiversity policy alignment, offering specific guidance for nations to refine their biodiversity strategies. The study underscores the importance of human-centered, transparent AI applications in supporting global biodiversity goals, advocating for collaborative, multi-sectoral efforts to enhance policy coherence and achieve the ambitious objectives of the GBF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-benefit and equity analysis of nature-based solutions in Haiti, India, Indonesia and Uganda","authors":"Marta Vicarelli ,&nbsp;Anamaria Georgescu ,&nbsp;Karen Sudmeier-Rieux","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study performs an economic efficiency and equity analysis of four recent Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) interventions in Haiti, India, Indonesia, and Uganda. Our analysis aims at contributing to the development of methodological best practices for assessing both the economic-effectiveness and the distributional impacts of nature-based solutions, with a particular focus on marginalized or underserved communities. Nature-based solutions (NbS) are emerging as possible strategies to mitigate disaster risk while providing additional benefits to biodiversity and sustainable economic growth. However, there is limited scientific evidence about the cost-effectiveness and equity outcomes of NbS. For each ecosystem-based intervention examined we performed an economic efficiency assessment through a quantitative cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Our estimates show that at the 5th year since the project implementation, the interventions in Haiti and India generated positive net benefits, assuming hazard-related yearly losses in properties and GDP per capita in the project areas as low as 0.5 %. We observe the same outcomes in Indonesia and Uganda at the 10th year since the project implementation, assuming yearly losses equivalent to 1 % or higher and adopting a 3 % discount rate. When we include additional benefits from carbon capture and sequestration and pollution reduction the CBA net benefits estimates are positive at the 10th year mark for every discount rate adopted. Extensive qualitative interviews of local stakeholders corroborate the CBA results and provide insights on the numerous additional benefits experienced, which in the future could be measured and monetized if monitored over time. A qualitative analysis of the distributional effects of the interventions was performed to complement the economic efficiency assessment. This equity analysis indicates an enhancement in inclusivity, economic equality, participation, and capacity building among local stakeholders. In particular, the Eco-DRR interventions implemented resulted in significant education, health, safety and economic improvements for women, children, and economically vulnerable members of the local communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Financing urban Nature-based Solutions (NBS): A literature review from the perspective of funders”","authors":"Anna Biasin ,&nbsp;Helen Toxopeus ,&nbsp;Davide Pettenella ,&nbsp;Friedemann Polzin ,&nbsp;Mauro Masiero","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nature-based Solutions (NBS) are increasingly recognized as relevant strategies for mitigating the pressures coming from urbanization and climate change to build resilient and sustainable cities. However, securing financing for urban NBS is a persistent barrier for their widespread implementation. Therefore, understanding how to realize (co-)finance and funding by attracting resources from specific stakeholders – namely those that benefit from NBS - is essential to their expansion. While the need for NBS co-finance has been acknowledged, the funders' perspective on NBS has remained largely conceptual. Through a systematic review of the scientific literature this study identifies barriers and corresponding strategies for financing urban NBS from the funders'-oriented perspective. Knowledge sharing, fostering of innovative and alternative financing models and collaboration, also for co-financing, are among the most cited strategies to leverage other financial resources for NBS implementation and overcoming the budget shortfalls generally affecting public actors. We conclude by proposing future research avenues. Particularly, we suggest that the role of specific classes of stakeholders, namely corporations, the insurance sector, real estate firms and water utilities, should be investigated further since their contributions is likely to be relevant for the upscaling of NBS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}