Nature-Based Solutions最新文献

{"title":"Money talks. A systems perspective on funding and financing barriers to nature-based solutions","authors":"Lieke M. Hüsken ,&nbsp;Jill H. Slinger ,&nbsp;Heleen S.I. Vreugdenhil ,&nbsp;Mónica A. Altamirano","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A financing gap is seen as a crucial barrier, hampering the further uptake and upscaling of Nature-based Solutions (NbS). However, it is not always clear what is meant by this, nor is it clear why this barrier exists and persists. The aim of this paper is to generate an enhanced understanding of financial barriers to NbS. This is accomplished through first conceptually and theoretically clarifying the difference between funding and financing and then exploring these through an integrative literature review. We expose three different dimensions of financial barriers in NbS projects, namely the occurrence of multiple types of funding gaps, the occurrence of multiple types of financing gaps, and the particular and complex cost structures of NbS. NbS funding gaps can be broken down into public funding gaps, private funding gaps, and funding gaps specific for lifecycle phases, activities, and cost types. Bridging the funding gap is a necessary (although not sufficient) condition for bridging the finance gap and financing alone cannot solve a funding problem. We further find that these different dimensions of financial barriers can be explained by the misalignment between the characteristics of NbS and the characteristics of our existing institutions. These misalignments occur through different institutional mechanism, including (i) Funders’ preferences, (ii) Revenue generation enablers, (iii) Justification requirements, (iv) Funders’ regimes, (v) Financiers’ preferences and (vi) Finance application processes. All mechanisms influence the occurrence of public and private funding and financing gaps and they influence the cost structure of NbS, in particular transaction costs. The results of this analysis suggest that overcoming NbS funding and financing challenges requires a systemic, multi-level approach as the barriers to project implementation are not all located within a project's sphere of influence or control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transformations framework for mainstreaming a nature-based solutions approach","authors":"Esther Carmen,&nbsp;Alhassan Ibrahim,&nbsp;Kirsty Blackstock,&nbsp;Kerry Waylen","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the integrity and extent of many natural ecosystems continues to decline, the concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) is gaining traction as a means to reverse such trends. However, uptake of an NbS approach across society is often piecemeal or partial. This paper argues that a deeper connection with the literature on transformations will help realise the full potential of NbS for enabling sustainable futures. Whilst others have already noted the concept of transformations to be relevant to NbS, many insights from the sustainability transformations literature remain underutilised by those working with NbS.</div><div>In this paper, we provide a conceptual framework to enable more ambitious and widespread uptake of NbS. We do this by identifying and drawing on key conceptual perspectives and frameworks from the sustainability transformations literature. This framework identifies key components (current system, future visions, process and an iterative approach) to consider when planning strategic actions. The framework strengthens the links between transformations and NbS concepts for a variety of stakeholders: as well as guiding NbS practitioners, it can also support action-orientated research to help steer NbS to achieve transformational change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring social contracts of disaster risk through twitter narratives during a major storm","authors":"Andressa V. Mansur ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Langhorn ,&nbsp;Donald R. Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social contracts are evolving relationships between the government and the public; they describe the rights and responsibilities of each party in catastrophic hydroclimatic events. As the climate crisis unfolds disaster losses continue to increase and the need for new infrastructure is becoming more apparent. Research suggests that incorporating Nature-based Solutions (NbS) into infrastructure adaptations may reduce exposure and loss and improve social well-being. While researchers and policy makers push for NbS, it is unclear whether they adequately recognize contemporary social contracts and whether these contracts are shifting sufficiently to accept the differences. We operationalize social contracts and test a conceptual approach through analysis of tweets before, during and after Hurricane Ida. Our results indicate a social contract of inequalities manifested through experience, perceptions and expectations of citizens. There is a great deal of uncertainty and feelings of insecurity about the public's perception of government response and resource provisions. Although our results indicated a gap in public perception of NbS, uncertainty about the effectiveness of conventional infrastructure was expressed. Public expectations include an evolving social contract that addresses the challenges related to inequalities while also adapting to climate change. We discuss how this twitter data can be used to understand the role of social contracts in responding to disaster risk and infrastructure adaptation and how inadequacies in current protection measures can inform potential use of NbS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-benefit and equity analysis of nature-based solutions in Haiti, India, Indonesia and Uganda","authors":"Marta Vicarelli ,&nbsp;Anamaria Georgescu ,&nbsp;Karen Sudmeier-Rieux","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study performs an economic efficiency and equity analysis of four recent Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) interventions in Haiti, India, Indonesia, and Uganda. Our analysis aims at contributing to the development of methodological best practices for assessing both the economic-effectiveness and the distributional impacts of nature-based solutions, with a particular focus on marginalized or underserved communities. Nature-based solutions (NbS) are emerging as possible strategies to mitigate disaster risk while providing additional benefits to biodiversity and sustainable economic growth. However, there is limited scientific evidence about the cost-effectiveness and equity outcomes of NbS. For each ecosystem-based intervention examined we performed an economic efficiency assessment through a quantitative cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Our estimates show that at the 5th year since the project implementation, the interventions in Haiti and India generated positive net benefits, assuming hazard-related yearly losses in properties and GDP per capita in the project areas as low as 0.5 %. We observe the same outcomes in Indonesia and Uganda at the 10th year since the project implementation, assuming yearly losses equivalent to 1 % or higher and adopting a 3 % discount rate. When we include additional benefits from carbon capture and sequestration and pollution reduction the CBA net benefits estimates are positive at the 10th year mark for every discount rate adopted. Extensive qualitative interviews of local stakeholders corroborate the CBA results and provide insights on the numerous additional benefits experienced, which in the future could be measured and monetized if monitored over time. A qualitative analysis of the distributional effects of the interventions was performed to complement the economic efficiency assessment. This equity analysis indicates an enhancement in inclusivity, economic equality, participation, and capacity building among local stakeholders. In particular, the Eco-DRR interventions implemented resulted in significant education, health, safety and economic improvements for women, children, and economically vulnerable members of the local communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Financing urban Nature-based Solutions (NBS): A literature review from the perspective of funders”","authors":"Anna Biasin ,&nbsp;Helen Toxopeus ,&nbsp;Davide Pettenella ,&nbsp;Friedemann Polzin ,&nbsp;Mauro Masiero","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nature-based Solutions (NBS) are increasingly recognized as relevant strategies for mitigating the pressures coming from urbanization and climate change to build resilient and sustainable cities. However, securing financing for urban NBS is a persistent barrier for their widespread implementation. Therefore, understanding how to realize (co-)finance and funding by attracting resources from specific stakeholders – namely those that benefit from NBS - is essential to their expansion. While the need for NBS co-finance has been acknowledged, the funders' perspective on NBS has remained largely conceptual. Through a systematic review of the scientific literature this study identifies barriers and corresponding strategies for financing urban NBS from the funders'-oriented perspective. Knowledge sharing, fostering of innovative and alternative financing models and collaboration, also for co-financing, are among the most cited strategies to leverage other financial resources for NBS implementation and overcoming the budget shortfalls generally affecting public actors. We conclude by proposing future research avenues. Particularly, we suggest that the role of specific classes of stakeholders, namely corporations, the insurance sector, real estate firms and water utilities, should be investigated further since their contributions is likely to be relevant for the upscaling of NBS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating tiny forests in the neighbourhood of Singapore - Opportunities and challenges","authors":"Hanna A. Rauf ,&nbsp;Perrine Hamel ,&nbsp;Kang Min Ngo ,&nbsp;Felicity Hwee-Hwa Chan ,&nbsp;Vera Shi Han Lim ,&nbsp;James Zhe Yuan See","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>‘Tiny forests’ have gained traction across the globe as a promising solution for restoring natural ecosystems and enriching biodiversity in highly urbanized areas. In land scarce cities, planting forests could mitigate the impacts of climate change and other urban socio-ecological challenges. This article investigates the potential for tiny forests to be part of the greening strategy in Singapore – a compact city that is already championing greening initiatives. Using a case study of the Jurong West neighbourhood, we conducted a survey aiming to understand people's perceptions and use of urban nature. We complement these results with a rapid assessment of land availability confirming the feasibility of implementing tiny forests in Singapore. From the survey, we found that residents were receptive to the idea of having nature closer to their residential areas despite highlighting disadvantages such as undesirable insects and animals. Factors such as minimal spatial requirements and planting methods that enhance trees growth make tiny forest a useful part of the landscaping portfolio to achieve national greening principles. Overall, we find that tiny forests have the potential to become part of the city-state's greening strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of nature-based solutions on the provision of water-related and water-dependant ecosystem services","authors":"Raquel Marijuan ,&nbsp;Bárbara Díez ,&nbsp;Sara Peláez-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Claudia Sánchez ,&nbsp;Jesús Iglesias ,&nbsp;Başar Şirin ,&nbsp;Alper Baba ,&nbsp;Orhan Gündüz ,&nbsp;Raúl Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water scarcity is a pressing issue in the Mediterranean region, exacerbated by overuse of resources for agriculture and the impacts of climate change. Addressing this challenge requires improved water cycle management and the adoption of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to enhance infrastructure efficiency and sustainability. With the aim of promoting the implementation and assessment of NbS, we have developed a monitoring framework that integrates the assessment of ecological, socio-economic and cultural aspects under the umbrella of the IUCN Global Standard for NbS. A list of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was selected following standard methodologies. We have applied the framework to five case studies in the Mediterranean region to evaluate its efficiency to assess NbS tailored to local challenges and contexts. As part of the monitoring framework, we used the IUCN self-assessment tool for the Global Standard for NbS, demonstrating adherence of 50–75 % across all case studies. Common KPIs were identified, streamlining monitoring efforts and providing guidance from the design phase onwards. Our monitoring framework offers a comprehensive approach to evaluating NbS interventions, ensuring alignment with global standards and enhancing resilience in water management. By integrating the IUCN Global Standard, it provides robust guidance for future execution, contributing to sustainable water resource management in the Mediterranean and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and implementation of blue-green infrastructure for socio-cultural benefits at community scales: The case of Wigram Basin in Ōtautahi Christchurch","authors":"Tyler McNabb ,&nbsp;Frances Charters ,&nbsp;Rita Dionisio ,&nbsp;Edward Challies","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stormwater-related blue-green infrastructure (BGI) has been shown to play an important role in enhancing the socio-ecological-cultural resilience of communities under stress from climate change and in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. BGI has been defined as natural, semi-natural, and artificial spaces that deliver valued bio-physical and socio-cultural benefits to communities through the facilitation of natural processes, with a particular focus on stormwater management. While studies have identified a range of benefits associated with BGI, research has only partially examined their valuation, especially concerning socio-cultural outcomes. Research has also failed to consider the ways in which BGI operates at community scales, and how this may be influenced by the design process of individual projects. This study examines the range of socio-cultural benefits associated with BGI projects, alongside the design characteristics which may influence these outcomes using a mixed-methods case study of Wigram Basin. Results show that while a range of benefits were associated with the implementation of local BGI, broader socio-cultural outcomes such as social cohesion, the facilitation of a sense of place, and the ability to practice cultural values were infrequently identified by respondents. Results also demonstrated that the transdisciplinary design team, specific project priorities, and the approach taken to community and Indigenous engagement may have influenced the range of benefits achieved by Wigram Basin. As such, this research recommends that the design of BGI considers the range of disciplines required to be involved in project design, the pathways required to provide socio-cultural benefits, early, ongoing, and place-based community and Indigenous engagement and education, and the ongoing assessment and valuation of all project outcomes to maximize BGI implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementary functions of created wetlands along river channels and rice paddies in floodplain biodiversity conservation","authors":"Kota Tawa ,&nbsp;Shigeya Nagayama ,&nbsp;Jun Nishihiro ,&nbsp;Keigo Nakamura ,&nbsp;Yuichi Kayaba","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The creation of wetlands along river channels, or inter-levee floodplain wetlands (ILWs), increases the cross-sectional area of rivers for flood control and is an effective nature-based solution (NbS) that is expected to achieve both flood control and biodiversity conservation in floodplains in riverine areas in Japan. To clarify the differences in habitat functions between ILWs and rice paddy fields, we surveyed the species assemblage and habitat usage of aquatic animal assemblages in ILWs and nearby rice paddies in the Nobi Plain of central Japan. <em>Rana japonica</em> bred in the ILWs, and taxon numbers of Odonata larvae and aquatic Hemiptera were greater in ILWs than in rice paddies. Fish taxa were also more abundant in the ILWs. ILWs were characterized mainly by taxa with a preference for permanent water bodies in their life history, whereas <em>Dryophytes japonicus, Pelophylax porosus brevipodus</em>, and <em>Fejervarya kawamurai</em> inhabited and bred mainly in the rice paddies, and the number of taxa of aquatic Coleoptera was also higher. The assemblages in the rice paddies were characterized by pioneer taxa with a preference for temporary waters as their primary breeding sites. Our results show that the creation of ILWs for flood control and the maintenance of rice paddies could help to conserve the original floodplain biodiversity through the complementarity of these different wetland types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sand nourishment for multifunctional coastal climate adaptation: three key implications for researchers","authors":"Haye H. Geukes ,&nbsp;Tosca T. Kettler ,&nbsp;Eva M. Lansu ,&nbsp;Vincent Bax ,&nbsp;Solveig Höfer ,&nbsp;Matthieu A. de Schipper ,&nbsp;Renske de Winter ,&nbsp;Arjen P. Luijendijk ,&nbsp;Valerie C. Reijers ,&nbsp;Peter M. van Bodegom ,&nbsp;Wietse I. van de Lageweg ,&nbsp;Tjisse van der Heide ,&nbsp;Alexander P.E. van Oudenhoven","doi":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nbsj.2024.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased climate impacts threaten coastal functions globally, highlighting the need for multifunctional coastal climate adaptation. Sand nourishment can adapt sandy coasts to sea level rise, mitigate erosion, increase flood safety, enhance ecological habitats and expand recreational space. Therefore, sand nourishment is increasingly regarded as a promising nature-based strategy for coastal climate adaptation. However, despite this growing recognition, the assessment of how sand nourishment design impacts multifunctional adaptation remains limited. In this perspective article, we argue for three key lessons for researchers to optimise assessing multifunctional coastal climate adaptation by sand nourishment. We conducted stakeholder workshops to scope and inform our perspective, performed semi-structured literature reviews to concretise and validate this for international applications, built a qualitative model to visualise our interdisciplinary overview of how nourishments impact coastal multifunctionality, reflected on this in expert workshops, and identified implications for researchers. In this manner, we assessed the effects of nourishment design on coastal morphology, ecology, socio-economics and ecosystem services in realising the key policy goals of flood safety, nature and recreation. We found that sand nourishment design can result in conflicts between policy goals, generate ambiguous outcomes and lead to system-wide feedback effects. As such, we identified three key lessons: (1) conflicts between policy goals require informing political decision-making on prioritisation between coastal functions, (2) concreteness is needed on otherwise ambiguous functions, and (3) ongoing, multidisciplinary system-wide monitoring is essential. We thus call for a holistic approach to sand nourishment design and encourage researchers from diverse expertise and localities to expand on and adapt our findings to optimise informing sand nourishment design for delivering multifunctional coastal climate adaptation worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100945,"journal":{"name":"Nature-Based Solutions","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}