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The microstructure of extruded ingots of Ni3Al containing boron 含硼Ni3Al挤压铸锭的显微组织
Metallography Pub Date : 1988-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90003-1
V. Zinoviev , E.M. Schulson, I. Baker
{"title":"The microstructure of extruded ingots of Ni3Al containing boron","authors":"V. Zinoviev ,&nbsp;E.M. Schulson,&nbsp;I. Baker","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90003-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90003-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An investigation of the microstructure of extruded ingots of Ni<sub>3</sub>Al containing boron (0.05, 0.09, 0.19, 0.37, 0.75, and 1.12 at.%) has been performed. The material had a nonuniform grain size and was heavily flawed (cracks, porosity). Porosity is attributed to localized melting as observed from the presence of a nodular structure within pores, while cracks are most likely due to the lack of plastic flow during the extrusion. In some alloys, after the second extrusion, a bimodal grain size was observed, which was probably caused by differing amounts of plastic strain during the extrusion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 391-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90003-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80545189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electron microscopy studies of the “Premartensitic” transformations in an aged Ti-51 at%Ni shape memory alloy 时效Ti-51 at%Ni形状记忆合金中“预马氏体”相变的电镜研究
Metallography Pub Date : 1988-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90024-9
M. Nishida , C.M. Wayman
{"title":"Electron microscopy studies of the “Premartensitic” transformations in an aged Ti-51 at%Ni shape memory alloy","authors":"M. Nishida ,&nbsp;C.M. Wayman","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90024-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90024-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>“Premartensitic” transformations in an aged Ti-51at%Ni shape memory alloy have been studied by means of electrical resistance measurements, and electron diffraction and microscopy. On aging at 500°C or below following solution treatment, premartensitic transitions appear in Ti-51at%Ni. The appearance of the premartensitic transitions is attributable to the formation of Ti<sub>3</sub>Ni<sub>4</sub> precipitates. Crystallographic and morphological aspects of the premartensitic transitions in specimens aged under several conditions are described in detail. The premartensitic behavior of the present aged specimens is essentially the same as that of the ternary TiNiFe [8–10] and TiNiAl alloys [16].</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 255-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90024-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91599703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 51
High resolution autoradiography for revealing sulphur segregation at austenite grain boundaries 显示奥氏体晶界硫偏析的高分辨率放射自显像
Metallography Pub Date : 1988-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90027-4
M. Tacikowski, P. Benaben, A. Kobylanski
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引用次数: 1
Stereology of plane convex loops distributed in the three-dimensional microstructure 三维微结构中平面凸环的立体分布
Metallography Pub Date : 1988-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90023-7
A.M. Gokhale
{"title":"Stereology of plane convex loops distributed in the three-dimensional microstructure","authors":"A.M. Gokhale","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90023-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90023-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lineal microstructural features are present in almost all the microstructures. Such features often have a plane convex shape, and they can be regarded as plane convex loops. A stereological estimator is developed for the estimation of the sum of the <em>squares</em> of the areas of plane convex loops per unit volume, from the measurements performed on the plane of polish. It is shown that the average value of the <em>cubes</em> of the chord lengths resulting from the intersections of the plane convex loops with the plane of polish is directly related to the sum of the squares of the areas of plane convex loops per unit volume. The result is also applicable to any ensemble of plane convex loops of different shapes and sizes. The applications of this new stereological attribute for the characterization of microstructure and microstructural evolution are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 241-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90023-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91724318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Effects of thermal aging on 12Cr-1Mo steel 热时效对12Cr-1Mo钢的影响
Metallography Pub Date : 1988-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90029-8
Richard K Duke, Po-Shou Chen, Roy C Wilcox
{"title":"Effects of thermal aging on 12Cr-1Mo steel","authors":"Richard K Duke,&nbsp;Po-Shou Chen,&nbsp;Roy C Wilcox","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90029-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90029-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A study of the microstructural evolution during thermal aging was made on two heats of 12Cr-1Mo steel (HT-9) at various temperatures from 500 to 800°C for times of 30–10,000 h. Optical microscopy examination showed that for increasing temperature, the time of aging dictates changes in microstructure. Generally, an aging temperature of 650°C with times of greater than 600 h was required before precipitation reactions became noticeable. Aging at 800°C for times greater than 3,000 h produced an austenitic transformation product. This signifies that the lower temperature boundary of the austenitic region was exceeded. The slower aging rate of one heat is attributed to the presence of delta ferrite in the as-received material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 347-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90029-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91724316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A TEM study of precipitates in an Al-Mn-Si alloy Al-Mn-Si合金中析出物的透射电镜研究
Metallography Pub Date : 1988-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90026-2
Xianying. Meng, D. Northwood
{"title":"A TEM study of precipitates in an Al-Mn-Si alloy","authors":"Xianying. Meng, D. Northwood","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90026-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90026-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"6 1","pages":"293-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75765747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Electron microscopy studies of the “Premartensitic” transformations in an aged Ti-51 at%Ni shape memory alloy 时效Ti-51 at%Ni形状记忆合金中“预马氏体”相变的电镜研究
Metallography Pub Date : 1988-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90024-9
M. Nishida, C. M. Wayman
{"title":"Electron microscopy studies of the “Premartensitic” transformations in an aged Ti-51 at%Ni shape memory alloy","authors":"M. Nishida, C. M. Wayman","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90024-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90024-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"20 1","pages":"255-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81795069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 51
Electron microscopy studies of the martensitic transformation in an aged Ti-51at%Ni shape memory alloy 时效Ti-51at%Ni形状记忆合金马氏体相变的电镜研究
Metallography Pub Date : 1988-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90025-0
M. Nishida , C.M. Wayman , A. Chiba
{"title":"Electron microscopy studies of the martensitic transformation in an aged Ti-51at%Ni shape memory alloy","authors":"M. Nishida ,&nbsp;C.M. Wayman ,&nbsp;A. Chiba","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90025-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90025-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microstructural aspects of the martensite phase in an aged Ti-51at%Ni alloy containing Ti<sub>3</sub>Ni<sub>4</sub> precipitates have been studied systematically using optical and electron microscopy and electron diffraction. A morphological difference in the martensite phase formed in the solution treated and the aged specimens was confirmed. In the former, a dominance of variants forming a small triangular grouping was observed. Plate-like martensite variants formed along certain preferential directions were found in the latter. (001)<sub>M</sub> twins were observed as internal defects in the martensite formed in aged specimens. This phenomenon was more notable in specimens including finer precipitates. In these specimens, the internal defects in stress-induced martensite were also (001)<sub>M</sub> twins. Upon increasing the precipitate size by prolonged aging, the microstructure of the martensite in aged specimens recovers to that observed in solution-treated specimens. The mechanism for the formation of (001)<sub>M</sub> twins is discussed qualitatively in view of the interaction between the precipitates and the parent phase.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 275-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90025-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91724317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 79
High resolution autoradiography for revealing sulphur segregation at austenite grain boundaries 显示奥氏体晶界硫偏析的高分辨率放射自显像
Metallography Pub Date : 1988-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90027-4
M. Tacikowski , P. Benaben, A. Kobylanski
{"title":"High resolution autoradiography for revealing sulphur segregation at austenite grain boundaries","authors":"M. Tacikowski ,&nbsp;P. Benaben,&nbsp;A. Kobylanski","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90027-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90027-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A high resolution autoradiography technique was applied to observe the evolution of sulphur (S) segregation level in a high-purity iron doped with carbon (C), about 30 ppm of S and/or aluminum (Al) and nitrogen (N). The sample radioactivity was 5.6 KBq (0.15 μ Ci) with an exposure time of about 3 wk. The alloys were annealed at 950°C or 1150°C and also deformed at 950°C (in the hot brittleness temperature region). The S segregation revealed on austenite grain boundaries is more pronounced on the deformed specimen containing AIN precipitates. A high S concentration was observed in cracked regions. At 1150°C, the segregation level is smaller. A specimen containing only S deformed at 950°C, exhibits S segregation on dynamically recrystallized boundaries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 317-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90027-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91599701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Table of contents for Praktische Metallographie, May 1988 《Praktische metallography》目录，1988年5月
Metallography Pub Date : 1988-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90031-6
{"title":"Table of contents for Praktische Metallographie, May 1988","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90031-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90031-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 3","pages":"Page 363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90031-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137228591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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