MetallographyPub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90009-2
{"title":"Table of contents for Praktische Metallographie, August 1988","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90009-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90009-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 4","pages":"Page 484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90009-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91630405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MetallographyPub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90004-3
L.T. Shiang, C.M. Wayman
{"title":"Maraging behavior in an Fe-19.5Ni-5Mn alloy I: Precipitation characteristics","authors":"L.T. Shiang, C.M. Wayman","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90004-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90004-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aging behavior of an Fe-19.5Ni-5Mn alloy has been studied in detail. A substantial maraging-hardening response was obtained upon aging at between 300–550°C, and it displayed classical hardening behavior. The pronounced hardness was attributed to strain hardening caused by coherent, fine spherical precipitates. The activation energy for precipitation, calculated from microhardness data, was 41 kcal/gmole. Ordered fct θ-NiMn precipitates were identified with two different shapes, depending on the aging temperature. Higher aging temperatures resulted in disk-shaped precipitates, while rod precipitates appeared at lower temperatures. Twin-related Widmanstätten austenite grains appeared in a lenticular shape that were coupled together by a twin boundary. Their orientation relationship with the parent martensite was found to be of the Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) type.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 399-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90004-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90001020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MetallographyPub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90005-5
L.T Shiang, C.M Wayman
{"title":"Maraging behavior of an Fe-19.5Ni-5Mn alloy II: Evolution of reverse-transformed austenite during overaging","authors":"L.T Shiang, C.M Wayman","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90005-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90005-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evolution of reverse-transformed austenite in a maraging Fe-19.5Ni-5Mn alloy was examined using transmission electron microscopy. The types of reversed austenite observed were determined by the aging temperature and time. It was found that matrix austenite appeared first, followed by lath-like austenite and then by recrystallized austenite, the latter after prolonged aging at higher temperatures. Each evolved at different preferential sites. The first two types of reversed austenite contained dense dislocations that probably contributed to the subsequent recrystallization. The lath austenite was twin-related, and its orientation relationship with the residual martensite films obeyed either Nishiyama (N) or Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) relations, depending on the aging temperature. Each individual austenite lath nucleated independently with a habit plane close to {111}<sub>f</sub>, and constituted a lamellar structure with the residual martensite. Its formation possibly involved a shear mechanism accompanied by element redistribution. The matrix austenite and the lath-like austenite eventually recrystallized to form fine grains of austenite. Part of the recrystallized austenite transformed to martensite after cooling so that the resultant microstructure was a mixture of a few newly formed martensite laths and oval/spherical ferrite particles distributed in the recrystallized austenite matrix. The recrystallized austenite and ferrite particles, rather than the lamellar structure of lath-like austenite, are thought to be the equilibrium phases at 550°C.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 425-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90005-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90001021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MetallographyPub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90005-5
L. Shiang, C. M. Wayman
{"title":"Maraging behavior of an Fe-19.5Ni-5Mn alloy II: Evolution of reverse-transformed austenite during overaging☆","authors":"L. Shiang, C. M. Wayman","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90005-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90005-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"82 1","pages":"425-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77130228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MetallographyPub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90007-9
D.B. Rayaprolu
{"title":"Methods for determining particle distribution parameters from extraction replica data","authors":"D.B. Rayaprolu","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90007-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90007-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 473-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90007-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85097298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MetallographyPub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90006-7
B. Radhakrishnan, R. Thompson
{"title":"A quantitative microstructural study of intergranular liquation and its relationship to hot cracking","authors":"B. Radhakrishnan, R. Thompson","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90006-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90006-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"56 1","pages":"453-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84749757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MetallographyPub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90008-0
{"title":"Author and title indexes for 1988","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90008-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90008-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 481-482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90008-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136547873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MetallographyPub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90002-X
C. Marchionni, J.M. Chaix
{"title":"A fractal dimension method for characterizing WNiFe presintered materials","authors":"C. Marchionni, J.M. Chaix","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90002-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90002-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A box dimension method is developed to characterize the fractal behavior of the tungsten phase boundary of WNiFe presintered materials and powder allgomerates. The method uses the classical functions available on image analysers. The results are discussed using the fractal and “non-ideally fractal objects” concepts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 377-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90002-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89293998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MetallographyPub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90006-7
B. Radhakrishnan, R.G. Thompson
{"title":"A quantitative microstructural study of intergranular liquation and its relationship to hot cracking","authors":"B. Radhakrishnan, R.G. Thompson","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90006-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90006-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 453-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90006-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90001019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MetallographyPub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1016/0026-0800(88)90001-8
T.S. Hahn, A.R. Marder
{"title":"Effect of electropolishing variables on the current density-voltage relationship","authors":"T.S. Hahn, A.R. Marder","doi":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90001-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0026-0800(88)90001-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of electropolishing variables of time, bath temperature, and composition of electrolyte on the corresponding current density-voltage potentiometric curve were studied on 1 Cr, <span><math><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext></math></span>Mo, T11 steel. Electrolytes of various percent perchloric acid solutions and a chromic-acetic acid solution were investigated due to their wide use in electropolishing. It was found that time had a minimal effect on the quality of electropolishing below 20-s durations for the perchloric acid solution and 90-s durations for the chromic-acetic acid solution when electropolishing at 25°C. Changing the temperature of the bath caused the characteristic horizontal polishing plateau at 2°C to become sloped at higher temperatures. However, there were still three distinct regions of the current density-voltage curve and correspondingly good electropolished surfaces were obtained at these higher temperatures. With an increase in the percent of perchloric acid in the electrolyte came a corresponding increase in the current density at constant voltage. The three characteristic regions were still observed, and electropolishing occurred in the middle region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100918,"journal":{"name":"Metallography","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 365-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0026-0800(88)90001-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80378319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}