Medicine Advances最新文献

{"title":"Global prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in food products and its relationship with the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus","authors":"Tingting Liang,&nbsp;Zhuang Liang,&nbsp;Shi Wu,&nbsp;Yu Ding,&nbsp;Qingping Wu,&nbsp;Bing Gu","doi":"10.1002/med4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med4.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The worldwide distribution of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> across food types is an important food safety concern. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i> in food products and its relationship with the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus. A total of 55 articles were included. The pooled prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i> was 30.2%. The highest prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i> was observed in cereals, followed by meat and bean products, and the lowest in confectionery, egg products, and vegetables. The prevalence in dairy and seafood products was similar. Combinations of culture and molecular methods have been used for <i>S. aureus</i> detection. Furthermore, the prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i> in developed countries (Europe and North America) was higher than that in developing countries (Asia and Africa). In addition, the prevalence was higher in the provinces of Xinjiang and Shaanxi than that in Sichuan and Shandong in China, which may be due to the difference in climate and dietary habits. The results revealed that food type, bacterial detection methods, and location can influence the prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i> contamination. Resistance rates to preferred antibiotics against <i>S. aureus</i> were the highest for cephradine, polymyxin B, and penicillin at 82.9%, 82.0%, and 81.3%, respectively. In addition, 17 studies were system reviewed that the <i>S. aureus</i> infections are closely associated with the development of diabetes, and the treatment of probiotic, prebiotic, FMT, and bacteriophage can prevent and control <i>S. aureus</i> infections. This review emphasizes the high prevalence of <i>S. aureus</i> contamination in food, suggesting a potential diabetic infection risk and importance of observing principles of food safety and hygiene to reduce <i>S. aureus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":100913,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Advances","volume":"1 1","pages":"53-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med4.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50140349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular residual disease: A new clue for individualized approach in non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Jia-Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Wen-Zhao Zhong,&nbsp;Yi-Long Wu","doi":"10.1002/med4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med4.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prognostic value of molecular residual disease (MRD) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases using high-depth circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing has been well documented. The utility of MRD to direct individualized therapy has increasingly emerged in the clinical trial design of solid tumors, such as escalation or de-escalation of adjuvant therapy based on MRD. And the efficiency of MRD assay is a key determinant to the success of clinical trials, especially the limitation of detection and predictive value. Here, we review the progress made in evaluating the clinical validity of ctDNA-MRD test and provide insight into exploiting these developments to future clinical scenarios for improving the individualized therapy of NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":100913,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Advances","volume":"1 1","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med4.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50140350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The inauguration of Medicine Advances","authors":"Xueqing Yu","doi":"10.1002/med4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med4.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the years, the field of medicine has made important strides in improving the quality of life for millions of people around the world. From groundbreaking treatments for cancer and other diseases to new technologies revolutionizing how we diagnose and treat patients, the past few decades have witnessed an explosion of medical innovation. However, there remains much to be done. The world is facing unprecedented challenges, from global pandemics to chronic diseases, which have profound impacts on individuals, families, and communities. The only way to overcome these challenges is by harnessing the power of science and innovation, which is where <i>Medicine Advances</i> comes in. As its name suggests, this new journal is dedicated to advancing the field of medicine by publishing cutting-edge research, ranging from basic science to clinical practice. Our mission is to provide a platform for the dissemination of knowledge to drive progress and improve patient outcomes.</p><p><i>Medicine Advances</i> has been created to bring together researchers, health care professionals, policymakers, and industry leaders to share their knowledge and expertise. Through this journal, we hope to foster collaboration, exchange ideas, and inspire new approaches for tackling the most pressing health issues of our time. We will explore a wide range of topics, including latest developments in precision medicine, the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in health care, and the impact of genomics on disease prevention and treatment. We will also discuss challenges and opportunities in global health and the importance of equity and access to health care for all.</p><p><i>Medicine Advances</i> is an open-access general medical journal with a focus on new technologies, new methods, and new products in the full life cycle of diseases, including development and progression, screening and early warning, diagnosis and classification, treatment and intervention, and prognosis, as well as exploration and innovation in interdisciplinary medical research, including but not limited to new drug development and artificial intelligence applications. <i>Medicine Advances</i> aims to provide a platform for researchers, scholars, and practitioners in health care to communicate and share their scientific findings and innovations. The journal is committed to promoting new medical theories, exchanging new clinical technologies, presenting new medical products, and accelerating the pace of medical development. This journal is dedicated to publishing high-quality original research articles, reviews, survey articles, case reports, editorials, and short communications.</p><p>As we launch this journal, I want to express my gratitude to the many researchers, clinicians, and other health-care professionals who have contributed to its creation. I also want to thank the editorial board and staff who will no doubt work tirelessly to ensure that <i>Medicine Advances</i> achieves its ","PeriodicalId":100913,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Advances","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med4.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50140323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between birth weight and the risk of chronic kidney disease in men and women: Findings from a large prospective cohort study","authors":"Lingyan Dai,&nbsp;Juncheng Zhuang,&nbsp;Li Fan,&nbsp;Xia Zou,&nbsp;Kei Hang Katie Chan,&nbsp;Xueqing Yu,&nbsp;Jie Li","doi":"10.1002/med4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med4.8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sex-specific associations between birth weight and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) later in life remain controversial. This study aimed to examine the shape of the relationship between birth weight and the risk of CKD in men and women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 277,252 participants free of CKD at baseline from the United Kingdom Biobank (UKB) prospective cohort were included in the analysis. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the association between birth weight and the risk of incident CKD with adjustment for potential confounders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During a median follow-up of 11.9 years, we identified 13,030 (4.7%) CKD cases. Compared with normal birth weight (2.5–4.0 kg), low birth weight (LBW, &lt;2.5 kg) was associated with an 11% higher risk of CKD in men (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.11 [95% CI 1.01–1.21]) and a 27% higher risk of CKD in women (HR: 1.27 [1.19–1.36]) (<i>p</i> for interaction = 0.02). High birth weight (HBW, &gt;4.0 kg) was associated with an 11% lower risk of CKD (HR: 0.89 [0.83–0.95]) in men but not in women (HR: 0.96 [0.89–1.04]) (<i>p</i> for interaction = 0.13). Furthermore, the LBW-CKD association was stronger in obese (HR: 1.28 [1.18–1.39]) than in nonobese participants (HR: 1.16 [1.09–1.24], <i>p</i> for interaction = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found an L-shaped relationship between birth weight and the risk of CKD in women but a linear shape in men. The LBW-CKD association was mitigated to some extent by maintaining healthy body weight in adulthood. Our findings support the notion that the CKD risk should be managed from a lifecycle perspective.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100913,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Advances","volume":"1 1","pages":"44-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med4.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50140322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated assessment of necrosis tumor ratio in colorectal cancer using an artificial intelligence-based digital pathology analysis","authors":"Huifen Ye,&nbsp;Yunrui Ye,&nbsp;Yiting Wang,&nbsp;Tong Tong,&nbsp;Su Yao,&nbsp;Yao Xu,&nbsp;Qingru Hu,&nbsp;Yulin Liu,&nbsp;Changhong Liang,&nbsp;Guangyi Wang,&nbsp;Ke Zhao,&nbsp;Xinjuan Fan,&nbsp;Yanfen Cui,&nbsp;Zaiyi Liu","doi":"10.1002/med4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med4.9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the advance in digital pathology and artificial intelligence (AI)-powered approaches, necrosis is proposed as a marker of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, most previous studies quantified necrosis merely as a tissue type and patch-level segmentation. Thus, it was worth exploring and validating the prognostic and predictive value of necrosis proportion with a pixel-level segmentation in large multicenter cohorts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A semantic segmentation model was trained with 12 tissue types labeled by pathologists. Segmentation was performed using the U-net model with a subsequently derived necrosis tumor ratio (NTR). We proposed the NTR score (NTR-low or NTR-high) to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of necrosis for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the development (<i>N</i> = 443) and validation cohorts (<i>N</i> = 333) using 75% as a threshold.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 2-category NTR was an independent prognostic factor and NTR-low was associated with significant prolonged DFS (unadjusted HR for high vs. low 1.72 [95% CI 1.19–2.49] and 1.98 [1.22–3.23] in the development and validation cohorts). Similar trends were observed for OS. The prognostic value of NTR was maintained in the multivariate analysis for both cohorts. Furthermore, a stratified analysis showed that NTR-high was a high risk with adjuvant chemotherapy for OS in stage II CRC (<i>p</i> = 0.047).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI-based pixel-level quantified NTR has a stable prognostic value in CRC associated with unfavorable survival. Additionally, adjuvant chemotherapy provided survival benefits for patients with a high NTR score in stage II CRC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100913,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Advances","volume":"1 1","pages":"30-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med4.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50140060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should Paxlovid be prescribed for patients with severe COVID-19 in the late course of infection? A case report","authors":"Qiang Li,&nbsp;Yibo He,&nbsp;Jin Liu,&nbsp;Xiaozhao Lu,&nbsp;Ziyou Zhou,&nbsp;Yu Kang,&nbsp;Wanying Wu,&nbsp;Jielan Wu,&nbsp;Feng Wang,&nbsp;Yinghao Sun,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Chengyi Hui,&nbsp;Wenting Wei,&nbsp;Miaoyun Wen,&nbsp;Jingjing Chen,&nbsp;Yong Liu","doi":"10.1002/med4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/med4.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The infection of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often accompanied by pneumonia with both high incidence and mortality. Paxlovid is commonly prescribed in patients with mild and normal pneumonia within 5 days from the symptom onset. Herein, we report a practically effective use of Paxlovid compensatively in patients with COVID-19 and severe pneumonia after 5 days of infection in a typical case in China. In this case, a 75-year-old man was diagnosed with severe COVID-19 complicated with a pulmonary bacterial infection. After treatment with oxygen inhalation, Cefoperazone-sulbactam and ambroxol, fever and upper respiratory symptoms were alleviated, except for the Oxygenation index (OI) remaining worse, Coronavirus was detected as positive, and levels of interleukin-6 remained high. Paxlovid was prescribed for 5 days subsequently though it was 14 days since symptom onset. Thereafter, the nucleic acid of the patient turned negative in 7 days and the symptoms resolved. This case showed that Paxlovid can be considered in patients with COVID-19 and severe pneumonia even in the later course of infection in clinical practice in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":100913,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Advances","volume":"1 1","pages":"92-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/med4.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50152787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}