Landscape Planning最新文献

{"title":"Preserving genetic diversity: A legal review","authors":"C. De Klemm","doi":"10.1016/0304-3924(85)90003-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90003-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Important as conventional protected areas will continue to be for the conservation of genetic resources, it has become increasingly clear that alone they will never be able to preserve the full range of inter-specific and intra-specific genetic variability.</p><p>The industrialization of agricultural practices in many parts of the world has resulted in the disappearance of many natural features in the countryside and in a corresponding impoverishment in species diversity. The farmer has ceased to be the steward of nature. Land-use controls and other means to maintain a minimum degree of naturalness in rural areas are therefore urgently required.</p><p>This paper reviews the legal and planning tools available for the preservation of natural and semi-natural habitats outside protected areas. These relate to sites of special biological value, such as wetlands, which are now increasingly coming under regulatory controls, but may also apply to “ordinary nature”, from hedgerows to river banks.</p><p>On private lands, compulsory protection can sometimes be imposed under site- specific protection orders. More often, general conservation rules apply to all areas belonging to a particular habitat category, but exemptions can be granted under permits. Certain activities may be totally excepted (this frequently applies to agriculture). Voluntary protection, on the other hand, can be achieved through the conclusion of management agreements, the payment of subsidies, or tax reliefs. Disincentives include the limitation of certain grants-in-aid or of special tax benefits.</p><p>On public lands, preservation of genetic resources necessarily involves the imposition, or self-imposition, of restrictions on the discretion of land-management agencies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100864,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Planning","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 221-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90003-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72070794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religion and environmental attitudes. Cause and effects?","authors":"Meto J. Vroom","doi":"10.1016/0304-3924(85)90009-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90009-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100864,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Planning","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 311-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90009-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72070799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated farming system","authors":"G. Chan","doi":"10.1016/0304-3924(85)90005-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90005-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100864,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Planning","volume":"24 1","pages":"257-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78146206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sustainable society through sustainable development: Towards a regional development strategy for Northern Quebec","authors":"Peter Jacobs","doi":"10.1016/0304-3924(85)90006-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90006-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the Kativik region of Northern Quebec there is a need to support the growth of the culture and values of the indigenous population, to satisfy the basic human needs of all residents in the region, and to contribute to an increased quality of life through the provision of economic opportunities for growth and development.</p><p>The proposed Kativik regional strategy emphasizes the need to achieve sustainable development — the development of living resources that does not exceed their capacity to reproduce. As such, the strategy is consistent with the principles and objectives of the World Conservation Strategy and those contained in the resolutions of the Inuit Circumpolar Conferences on subsistance rights, environmental policy and economic development. The Inuit Circumpolar Conference was established in 1978 and includes native people from Alaska, the Northwest Territories of Canada, Greenland and the Scandinavian Countries. Delegates meet tri-annually to discuss issues of common concern.</p><p>In order to achieve sustainable development and thus a sustainable society in the North, environment, settlement and development must be integrated into a common framework. The key components of this strategic framework that will require careful analysis and then policy and program proposals include those listed below. </p><ul><li><span>&amp;#x02022;</span><span><p>- Managing information and knowledge in a manner consistent with the principles developed in the on-going Inuit Harvest Research project in the Kativik region. The Harvest Research Study is a project designed to monitor and assess the wildlife harvest by the Inuit of Northern Quebec. The project is run by the Inuit themselves and supported by an Inuit corporation.</p></span></li><li><span>&amp;#x02022;</span><span><p>- Conserving and harvesting wildlife in a manner consistent with the wildlife management principles established by Anguvigaq Wildlife Commission. The Anguvigaq Wildlife Commission is a component of the Kativik regional administration — a regional body established as a result of the “James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement” — that supports and regulates hunting, fishing and trapping in Northern Quebec.</p></span></li><li><span>&amp;#x02022;</span><span><p>- Protecting fragile ecosystems in a manner consistent with the principles of the World Conservation Strategy and the Inuit Circumpolar Conference.</p></span></li><li><span>&amp;#x02022;</span><span><p>- Providing opportunities for economic growth in a manner consistent with the principles of large-scale development adopted by the Makivik Corporation. The Makivik Corporation is wholly owned by the Inuit of Northern Quebec. Established as a result of the “James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement”, the Corporation receives and manages the compensation funds derived from the agreement on behalf of all Inuit.</p></span></li><li><span>&amp;#x02022;</span><span><p>- Organizing the community and improving the quality of life in a","PeriodicalId":100864,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Planning","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 267-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90006-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72070797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving sustainable development","authors":"P. Jacobs","doi":"10.1016/0304-3924(85)90001-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90001-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100864,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Planning","volume":"71 1","pages":"203-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83346907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A decision-centred view of environmental planning","authors":"A. Faludi","doi":"10.1016/0304-3924(85)90004-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90004-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article attempts to transcend the “substantivist” versus “proceduralist” controversy by proposing a theory of environmental planning combining understanding of procedures with understanding of features of the environment that make for a need for planning. It notes common elements in the views of the environment and environmental planning held by authors from divergent intellectual traditions: (a) they all conceive of the environment as, amongst other things, institutionally determined in the sense of legal barriers forming an important element of it; (b) they see the environment as the object of both private and public decision-making; (c) they see the environment as forming the object of conflict. On this basis, the article identifies land decision units as the foci of public and private decision-making concerning the environment. They are characterised by (a) the resources on them, (b) the channels linking them to other units, (c) the land regime providing barriers against intrusion, (d) land titles identifying the primary decision makers concerned. Public environmental measures taken because of externalities can aim at changing each of these attributes. Land decision units cover jurisdiction like seamless garments, and there is much interaction between what happens on them. Much as with measures of private actors, public environmental measures can mutually enhance each other or get in each other's way. Where this occurs, the article speaks of externalities of the second order. Environmental planning stands for the preparation of environmental plans taking care of such externalities, so that public environmental measures are taken with full knowledge of all their implications. A theory of environmental planning must combine awareness of the element of decision-making in planning with an understanding of the externalities of the second order arising out of the nature of environmental measures as being addressed to land decision units with definite locations in a spatial-temporal expanse. A case study of Dutch urbanisation policy illustrates the notion of externalities of the second order.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100864,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Planning","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 239-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90004-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72070796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing networks and institutions in support of sustainable development","authors":"C. D. Laet","doi":"10.1016/0304-3924(85)90008-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90008-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100864,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Planning","volume":"24 1","pages":"301-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82202748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural land as a real estate commodity: Implications for farmland preservation in the North American urban fringe","authors":"Michael F. Bunce","doi":"10.1016/0304-3924(85)90059-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90059-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Land speculation and investment in the North American urban fringe has resulted in the persistent ownership of large tracts of agricultural land by non-agricultural and largely absentee interests. A study of the Toronto urban fringe indicates widespread alienation of landownership from farmers. Agriculture continues, but its stability is jeopardized by dependency on insecure land rental and by land fragmentation. The implications of this for farmland preservation policies in the urban fringe are examined. Landownership and tenure rather than land capability is seen as the key issue for the establishment of an effective policy. Ownership and tenure requires restructuring to create conditions which will ensure a stable and viable agricultural economy. Few jurisdictions have tackled the ownership issue. Most continue to rely on conventional landuse planning which is ill-equipped to neutralize a pro-development land owning pressure-group. The prospects for the permanent protection of farmland in many North American urban fringes are therefore poor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100864,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Planning","volume":"12 2","pages":"Pages 177-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90059-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72070355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest amelioration: O. Riedl and D. Zachar (Editors). Developments in Agricultural and Managed-Forest Ecology 14. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, 1984, price Dfl. 295.00, ISBN 0-444-99613-3 (Vol. 14), 0-444-41515-7 (series)","authors":"J. Ovington","doi":"10.1016/0304-3924(85)90064-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90064-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100864,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Planning","volume":"303 1","pages":"200-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81238541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land ownership, use and regulation: A case study analysis of a township in the early stages of urban development","authors":"R. Coughlin","doi":"10.1016/0304-3924(85)90056-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3924(85)90056-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100864,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Planning","volume":"47 1","pages":"125-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84845118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}