Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment最新文献

{"title":"A belowground perspective on the nexus between biodiversity change, climate change, and human well-being","authors":"Nico Eisenhauer,&nbsp;Karin Frank,&nbsp;Alexandra Weigelt,&nbsp;Bartosz Bartkowski,&nbsp;Rémy Beugnon,&nbsp;Katja Liebal,&nbsp;Miguel Mahecha,&nbsp;Martin Quaas,&nbsp;Djamil Al-Halbouni,&nbsp;Ana Bastos,&nbsp;Friedrich J. Bohn,&nbsp;Mariana Madruga de Brito,&nbsp;Joachim Denzler,&nbsp;Hannes Feilhauer,&nbsp;Rico Fischer,&nbsp;Immo Fritsche,&nbsp;Claudia Guimaraes-Steinicke,&nbsp;Martin Hänsel,&nbsp;Daniel B. M. Haun,&nbsp;Hartmut Herrmann,&nbsp;Andreas Huth,&nbsp;Heike Kalesse-Los,&nbsp;Michael Koetter,&nbsp;Nina Kolleck,&nbsp;Melanie Krause,&nbsp;Marlene Kretschmer,&nbsp;Pedro J. Leitão,&nbsp;Torsten Masson,&nbsp;Karin Mora,&nbsp;Birgit Müller,&nbsp;Jian Peng,&nbsp;Mira L. Pöhlker,&nbsp;Leonie Ratzke,&nbsp;Markus Reichstein,&nbsp;Solveig Richter,&nbsp;Nadja Rüger,&nbsp;Beatriz Sánchez-Parra,&nbsp;Maha Shadaydeh,&nbsp;Sebastian Sippel,&nbsp;Ina Tegen,&nbsp;Daniela Thrän,&nbsp;Josefine Umlauft,&nbsp;Manfred Wendisch,&nbsp;Kevin Wolf,&nbsp;Christian Wirth,&nbsp;Hannes Zacher,&nbsp;Sönke Zaehle,&nbsp;Johannes Quaas","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil is central to the complex interplay among biodiversity, climate, and society. This paper examines the interconnectedness of soil biodiversity, climate change, and societal impacts, emphasizing the urgent need for integrated solutions. Human-induced biodiversity loss and climate change intensify environmental degradation, threatening human well-being. Soils, rich in biodiversity and vital for ecosystem function regulation, are highly vulnerable to these pressures, affecting nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and resilience. Soil also crucially regulates climate, influencing energy, water cycles, and carbon storage. Yet, climate change poses significant challenges to soil health and carbon dynamics, amplifying global warming. Integrated approaches are essential, including sustainable land management, policy interventions, technological innovations, and societal engagement. Practices like agroforestry and organic farming improve soil health and mitigate climate impacts. Effective policies and governance are crucial for promoting sustainable practices and soil conservation. Recent technologies aid in monitoring soil biodiversity and implementing sustainable land management. Societal engagement, through education and collective action, is vital for environmental stewardship. By prioritizing interdisciplinary research and addressing key frontiers, scientists can advance understanding of the soil biodiversity–climate change–society nexus, informing strategies for environmental sustainability and social equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prof Diana Wall: A pioneering researcher and advocate of global soil biodiversity","authors":"Brajesh K. Singh,&nbsp;Pankaj Trivedi,&nbsp;Eleonora Egidi,&nbsp;Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12107","url":null,"abstract":"<p></p><p>Prof Diana H. Wall was a pioneering scientist, a trailblazer, a mentor for many, and the strongest advocate of soil biodiversity. Her research impacted many aspects of soil ecology, and she was best known for her work in Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys, soil invertebrates, ecosystem services and effects of climate change. Her research and advocacy had transformational impacts both on the fundamental understanding on distributions, functions they provide, and the need for assessment and conservation of soil biodiversity (van der Putten et al., <span>2023</span>). Her tireless efforts and strongest possible advocacy of soil biodiversity was the foundation of changes we saw in recent years in global policies, including recently adopted agreement to include soil biodiversity in national biodiversity reporting at COP-15 of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) in Montreal, Canada 2022 (The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, <span>2022</span>). Her scientific contributions have been recognised by many prestigious awards and fellowships including being elected as a member of the National Academy of Science and American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In recognition of her long-term contribution to Antarctic science, an upland Antarctic Valley—the Wall Valley—was named after her.</p><p>Soils are critical for supporting food security and climate change regulation. Up to 95% of our food come from soils (World Economic Forum, <span>2023</span>). Sadly, one-third of these soils are already under some type of degradation. Further, soils provide habitats for 59% of global biodiversity (Anthony et al., <span>2023</span>) that plays a fundamental role in regulating the function of terrestrial ecosystems, driving key processes such as carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling and climate regulation (Delgado Baquerizo et al., <span>2020</span>). However, this awareness was not always there, and soils and their biodiversity were poorly understood and largely underestimated. Diana was a pioneer in investigating and highlighting the fundamental importance of soil biodiversity. Her doctoral thesis on soil nematodes and her novel work describing the soil biodiversity of extreme deserts from Antarctica opened the door to researchers across the globe to investigate and learn more about soil organisms and their role to support ecosystem functions.</p><p>Diana was well known for her many leadership activities and has inspired many across the globe. Her research career started with a PhD at the University of Kentucky in 1971, she then moved to the University of California-Riverside. In 1993, she moved to Colorado State University and worked there in various capacities, including a key role in establishing and leading the School of Global Environmental Sustainability. In her strong commitment to support soil biodiversity research and conservation, Diana led and supported many initiatives that have spawned broad engagement and innovation in the field of","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141245942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization and their corresponding monetary values under long-term integrated soil fertility management practices","authors":"Peter Bolo,&nbsp;Monicah Mucheru-Muna,&nbsp;Michael Kinyua,&nbsp;George Ayaga,&nbsp;Sylvia Nyawira,&nbsp;Job Kihara","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are essential nutrients for plant growth, commonly supplied through costly inorganic amendments. However, despite the benefits of nutrient mineralisation, there is limited quantitative information on its monetary value, and the extent of associated potential financial relief to smallholder farmers, particularly in western Kenya region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study used in situ resin core method to explore the extent of N and P nutrient mineralisation and monetary equivalents under select integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) practices in two long-term (17 years) trials namely Conservation Tillage (CT1) and Integrated Nutrient Management (INM3).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>FYM addition increased various soil chemical parameters while sole fertiliser (NPK) reduced soil pH and soil organic carbon (SOC). Phosphorus application was associated with increased P availabillity and its monetary value within the first month (0.29 kg P ha⁻¹; USD 1.13 ha⁻¹) and second month (1.22 kg P ha⁻¹; USD 4.76 ha⁻¹) of incubation. The quantities of N mineralised, and their monetary equivalents varied with fertiliser application and incubation times. Nitrogen fertilisation depressed P mineralisation and monetary benefits. FYM application increased P mineralisation and its monetary value within 30 (0.78 kg ha⁻¹; ~USD 3.02 ha⁻¹) and 60 (1.22 kg ha⁻¹; ~USD 4.76) days of incubation. Residue application increased mineralised N (17.48 kg ha⁻¹; ~USD 22.79 ha⁻¹) after 60 days. Maize and soybean intercropping increased N mineralisation (45.81 kg N ha⁻¹) and monetary value (USD 59.76 ha⁻¹). SOC and other soil variables, their stoichiometry ratios and N mineralisation were significantly correlated. Combined NPK and FYM application significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) increased maize yields and grain prices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings reflect potential nutrient-based economic advantages of ISFM practices to resource-limited smallholder farmers. Combined application of NPK fertiliser and FYM is integral in not only optimising crop yields, but also driving key soil health-related parameters and economic benefits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viticulture and the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP): Historical overview, current situation and future perspective","authors":"Pablo Homet,&nbsp;Manuel Ángel Gallardo-Reina,&nbsp;Juan F. Aguiar,&nbsp;Isabel M. Liberal,&nbsp;Ramón Casimiro-Soriguer,&nbsp;Raúl Ochoa-Hueso","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The grapevine is one of the most important perennial fruit crops worldwide. The historical stability of winegrowing methods has spanned almost 3000 years since the introduction of viticulture in Europe. However, in the last 70 years, the wine sector in the Europe has experienced substantial transformations. These changes are attributed to the widespread adoption of mechanisation and industralisation in the 1950s and the establishment of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The growing concern for the environment and climate change in the European Union (EU) has significantly influenced the successive reforms of the CAP. These reforms have resulted in the acquisition of new commitments to protect the environment, mitigate climate change and reduce biodiversity loss over the years. In this work, we carried out a critical analysis of the most relevant aspects of the new CAP and address the regulatory framework of organic agriculture in the EU as a tool for improving the sustainability of vineyards. Currently, Spain is the country with the largest vineyard area in the world, reaching 964,000 hectares. This represents 13% of the world's vineyards and 30% in the EU, which demonstrates the importance of this crop in Europe. Due to its relevance, we focused our critical analyses of the new CAP on Spain as a case study. The latest reform of the CAP, applicable for the period 2023-2027, is the most ambitious in environmental terms and includes instruments such as reinforced conditionality, eco-schemes and payments for agri-environment–climate commitments. Finally, we propose that by integrating concepts and management strategies from current organic and regenerative viticulture together with historical strategies derived from treatises and classic authors across a wide range of societies and cultures, the goals of the new CAP can be successfully met. This will contribute to reuniting the past, the present and the future of viticulture for a more nature-based winemaking.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of pastoral hill country natural landscape features and land management practices on nitrate losses and its potential attenuation for improved water quality","authors":"Grace Chibuike,&nbsp;Ranvir Singh,&nbsp;Lucy Burkitt","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12096","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pastoral farming on hill country landscapes influences nitrogen (N) dynamics and its losses to freshwater. This study reviewed the current literature identifying key effects of pastoral hill country landscape features and land management practices on nitrate losses to receiving waters. The review also highlighted the potential effects of inherent landscape features on nitrate attenuation pathways for better water quality outcomes. Intensive land use activities involving high rates of fertiliser application, higher stocking rates and cattle grazing, relative to sheep grazing, are more likely to increase nitrate loss, especially on lower slopes. However, soils with a high carbon (C) storage capacity such as allophanic soils potentially limit nitrate loss via denitrification in subsoil layers. Hill country seepage wetlands also offer an opportunity to attenuate nitrate loss, though their efficacy is largely impacted by hydrological variations in their inflows and outflows. By enhancing the natural nitrate attenuation capacity of seepage wetlands, mapping and strategic use of high subsoil denitrification potential, effective riparian management, efficient fertiliser and grazing practices and the incorporation of these farm management strategies into Freshwater Farm Plans (FWFPs), wider environmental and farm productivity/profitability goals, including improved water quality, would be achieved on pastoral hill country landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140192135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESMAX for spatial agroecology: A conceptual spatial model for the quantification and visualisation of ES performance from different configurations of landscape","authors":"Richard Morris,&nbsp;Shannon Davis,&nbsp;Gwen-Aëlle Grelet,&nbsp;Pablo Gregorini","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Agriculture is confronted by the dual challenges of increasing global demand for food production while reducing negative impacts on the environment. One suggested solution is transitioning modern industrial agriculture to more agroecologically-informed practices, thus realigning increased food production with the carrying capacity of Earth Systems. The transition to multifunctional agroecological systems, that promote the production of multiple ecosystem services (ES) as well as food production, requires an adaptive management process that addresses climate-change, market complexity, practical implementation and knowledge transfer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials &amp; Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work proposes a spatially explicit methodology to support this process. Spatial agroecology, in this context, combines a new Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based model (ESMAX) with development of a ‘solution space’ to assist stakeholders identify configurations of agroecological components (in this case, trees on farm) at the scale of a 1 ha paddock to supply a targeted range of regulating ES (cooling effect, flood mitigation and habitat). ESMAX uses distance-decay characteristics specific to each type of regulating ES to quantify and visualise the influence of spatial configuration of ES-supplying tree clumps on overall ES performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results from this application of spatial agroecology suggest regulating ES production at farm and paddock scale is influenced by the arrangement of trees on farm. ESMAX's results show paddocks with large tree clumps return the best cooling effect, while small clumps deliver the best flood mitigation and most suitable habitat. Evenly dispersed arrangements of small tree clumps provide the best multifunctional performance across all three ES modelled in this work.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Designed spatial agroecological interventions can affect landscape multifunctionality at paddock scale, where practical decisions are made and implemented. This provides spatially explicit support of an adaptive management process. Utilising agroecological systems as spatial mechanisms for supplying critical regulating ES also highlights a new function for agriculture in the Anthropocene epoch.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140123684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype × environment interaction and selection parameters for high yielding wheat genotypes under irrigated and heat stress environment","authors":"Radhakrishna Bhandari,&nbsp;Mukti R. Poudel","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wheat is a significant contributor to the food and nutritional security of the world. Due to climatic constraints and heat stress condition, the potentiality of wheat to eradicate existing hunger and malnutrition has been severely limited all around the world.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the performance and stability of elite wheat genotype under irrigated and heat stress environment, a field experiment was conducted during the wheat growing season of 2020, 2021 and 2022 under irrigated and heat stress environment that altogether created six distinct wheat growing environments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The combined ANOVA revealed that all quantitative traits studied were significantly influenced by heat stress environments (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Which Won Where (WWW) model revealed, Bhairahawa lines (BL) 4407, Nepal lines (NL) 1384 and NL 1346 performed best under irrigated environments of 2020, 2021 and 2022 while BL 4407, NL 1384 and NL 1381 performed best under heat stress environment of 2020, 2021 and 2022. WWW model showed, NL 1369, NL 1386 and NL 1376 as the most stable genotypes across irrigated and heat stress environment. The phenotypic correlation, path analysis, network diagram, cluster analysis and cluster based principal component analysis analysis revealed traits, days to booting (DTB), plant height (Ph), spike length (SL), ten spike weight (TSW) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) are most closely associated with grain yield of wheat.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High yielding genotypes should be selected based on earliness in DTB, longer Ph, SL and higher TSW and TKW under both environments. Breeding for taller genotypes should specifically be focused to obtain high yielding genotypes under heat stress environments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140114228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of native rhizobacteria co-inoculation and formulation of bacterial inoculants on the growth and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","authors":"Hezekiah Korir,&nbsp;Nancy W. Mungai,&nbsp;Victor W. Wasike","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Incorporation of inoculum in different carrier materials may increase the efficacy of bacterial inocula.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Field experiments were conducted using two strains of rhizobium and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and their respective combinations using different carrier materials in common bean-growing regions in three soil types in Kenya. The field experiment was laid out in a split-plot arrangement with the strain inoculations as the main plot while the subplots consisted of the carrier materials (filter mud, peat moss and yeast extract mannitol broth [YEMB]). Each main plot included two controls: uninoculated negative control and uninoculated controls that received N and P fertilizer. The experiment was conducted for two cropping seasons. Data were collected on the nodulation, shoot and root biomass and yield.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Co-inoculation of the common bean with <i>Rhizobium phaseoli</i> + <i>Bacillus aryabhattai</i> strains had significantly higher number of nodules (55 nodules per plant) compared to single <i>R. phaseoli</i> inoculation (38 nodules). The co-inoculation of the rhizobia and the PSB yielded statistically at par with the application of diammonium phosphate (18:46:0) across the soil types and seasons. The use of filter mud as a carrier material led to a higher number of nodules for most of the rhizobia strains inoculation and their respective co-inoculation with the bacillus strains. Significantly higher yield was obtained with the filter mud (1.64 Mg ha⁻¹) while there was no significant difference in the yield of common bean between peat moss and YEMB as carrier materials for the bacterial strains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The solid carrier material, specifically filter mud, showed potential for use in the formulation of inoculants. Specific co-inoculation of rhizobia (<i>R. phaseoli</i> and <i>Rhizobium pusense</i> strains) and PSB (<i>Paenibacillus polymyxa</i> and <i>B. aryabhattai</i>) increased the growth, nodulation and yield of common bean more efficiently than the control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139976545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of biostimulants on crop yield and biological activity under drought conditions","authors":"Jenendra Wadduwage,&nbsp;Eleonora Egidi,&nbsp;Brajesh K. Singh,&nbsp;Catriona A. Macdonald","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biostimulants are proposed to have a role in sustainable food production and are being increasingly used strategies to limit the negative effects of drought stress on crop yield and soil health. However, how different biostimulants used alone, or in combination with conventional management approaches affect soil health and crop yield under drought in different soils is not well understood. Here we conducted a glasshouse experiment to investigate this.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two soil types from fields maintained under intensive (IM) and extensive (EM) management practices were used with two commercial biostimulants [Universal Natural Plant food (UNP) and Converte Seed Primer (CSP)] on soil microbial populations and crop yield (lettuce) under well-watered and drought stressed conditions. We examined the activity and biomass of soil microorganisms as well as seed germination and root and shoot biomass to examine the effect of application of biostimulants on parameters of soil health and crop yield.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biostimulants generally increased crop yield, basal soil respiration and microbial biomass, with effects stronger in EM soils than in IM soils, but effects on soil enzyme activities were variable. The combined use of biostimulant and inorganic fertiliser negated the benefits of the biostimulant on soil biological properties in some cases. Nevertheless, effects of biostimulants had a positive impact on crop yield with the combined use of soil-applied and seed applied biostimulants have the greatest impact on plant biomass and also conferring some resistance in both soil microbial communities and plant growth to drought.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While biomass and activity of the microbial community and plant growth responses to biostimulant additions are both soil and biostimulant dependent, their combined use has potential to aid both plants and maintain promote microbial activity under of drought, compared to conventional fertiliser treatments in extensively managed soils.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139727880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical termination of a perennial grain crop minimally impacts soil structure, carbon and carbon dioxide emissions","authors":"Jacob Kundert,&nbsp;Manbir Rakkar,&nbsp;Jessica Gutknecht,&nbsp;Jacob Jungers","doi":"10.1002/sae2.12094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12094","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mechanical termination of crops can negatively affect soil biological, chemical, and structural characteristics. Perennial crops do not require annual termination and can improve these same soil characteristics, which has catalysed interest in the development of new perennial crops. Advanced lines of the perennial grass intermediate wheatgrass (<i>Thinopyrum intermedium</i> [Host] Barkworth and Dewey; IWG) have been bred for increased seed size and marketed as Kernza® perennial grain, but little is known about how this new crop can be terminated for subsequent annual crop production in rotations that enhance agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five methods of terminating IWG were tested in Minnesota, USA. Treatments included mechanical tillage using a chisel plow (CHI), undercutter (UND), and disc (DSC), along with no-till treatments of glyphosate (GLY) and a repeated-mowing control (CTRL). Treatment effects on IWG mortality, soil carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, bulk density, aggregate stability, soil carbon stocks and soybean yield were measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Daily CO₂ fluxes differed by treatment (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) on only one of 19 sample dates, and cumulative soil CO₂ emissions over the course of the growing season did not differ across treatments. Bulk density decreased relative to baseline in all treatments except CTRL. Aggregate stability remained unchanged in all treatments except CTRL, which increased from the baseline. Soil carbon stocks did not change in any treatment. Soybean yield was highest in GLY but was not significantly different from CHI or UND.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil structure, soil carbon stocks and soil CO₂ emissions were unaffected by tillage and no-till IWG termination treatments. However, tillage followed by preplanting harrowing proved ineffective at terminating IWG and required subsequent summer herbicide applications. Therefore, additional tillage events may be required to fully terminate IWG when herbicide use is prohibited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.12094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139643873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}