Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering最新文献_第8页

Uncertainties in internal pressure of oil transmission pipelines and implications for the reliability analysis 输油管内压力的不确定性及其对可靠性分析的影响

Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpse.2022.100055

Yue Liu, Wenxing Zhou

{"title":"Uncertainties in internal pressure of oil transmission pipelines and implications for the reliability analysis","authors":"Yue Liu, Wenxing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2022.100055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2022.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study addresses a significant knowledge gap in the reliability-based fitnessfor-service assessment of pipelines, namely the statistical information of the internal operating pressure. To this end, probabilistic characteristics of the internal pressure of an in-service oil transmission pipeline are derived based on minute-by-minute pressure records collected from the discharge and suction ends of a pump station on the pipeline. The arbitrary-point-in-time discharge and suction pressures are found to follow the Johnson SB distribution; the monthly and annual maximum discharge pressures are found to be well represented by a deterministic quantity equal to 90% of the maximum operating pressure, and the monthly and annual maximum suction pressures follow the beta distributions. The autocorrelation and power spectral density functions of the discharge and suction pressures characterized as stationary stochastic processes are also derived from the pressure records. Furthermore, the statistics of the pressure ranges obtained from the rainflow counting analysis of the pressure records are obtained. Two example pipelines are used to examine the implications of the uncertainty in the internal pressure for the reliability analysis of corroding pipelines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143322000270/pdfft?md5=18423a08b84b5fcf5120f64b04bba449&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143322000270-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75734441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A comparative study of the effect of the soil constitutive model on the seismic response of buried concrete pipes 土本构模型对埋地混凝土管道地震反应影响的对比研究

Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpse.2021.07.001

Saif Alzabeebee

{"title":"A comparative study of the effect of the soil constitutive model on the seismic response of buried concrete pipes","authors":"Saif Alzabeebee","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2021.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2021.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>No attention has been given in previous studies to understand the influence of the sophistication of the soil constitutive model on the response of buried concrete pipes subjected to transverse seismic effect. This research, therefore, has been conducted to address this gap in knowledge by analyzing the behavior of a buried concrete pipe subjected to transverse seismic shake employing the linear elastic (LE) model, elasto-plastic Mohr-Coulomb (MC) model, hardening soil (Hs) model, and hardening soil model with small strain stiffness (Hs small) to provide a benchmark study that helps the designers and the researchers to select the most suitable and less computationally demanding soil constitutive model. The cases of good and poor installation conditions have been considered in the analyses. In addition, numerous earthquake records have been used to allow the consideration of wide range of earthquake intensities to aid general conclusions. It was found that all of the considered constitutive models produce the same trend of the circumferential bending moment (BM) that is developed around the pipe. In general, the maximum BM produced using the LE and MC models is significantly lower than that produced using the Hs and Hs small models with one exception for the LE model for a predominant frequency of 0.66 Hz. Furthermore, the maximum BM produced using the LE and MC models is not sensitive to the increase of the peak ground acceleration (PGA). More importantly, the Hs and Hs small models produce almost similar results with a percentage difference ranges between 1% to 9%. In addition, the Hs and Hs small models show a decrease of the maximum BM as the predominant frequency rises and an increase of the maximum BM as the PGA rises.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jpse.2021.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90153722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Corrosion of steel in a CO2-containing solution droplet generated in wet gas pipelines studied by scanning Kelvin probe 用扫描开尔文探针研究了湿气管道中含二氧化碳溶液液滴对钢的腐蚀

Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpse.2021.12.003

Shan Qian, Y. Frank Cheng

{"title":"Corrosion of steel in a CO2-containing solution droplet generated in wet gas pipelines studied by scanning Kelvin probe","authors":"Shan Qian, Y. Frank Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2021.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2021.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) was used to study corrosion of X52 pipeline steel under a CO<sub>2</sub>-containing solution droplet simulating the water condensate generated in interior of wet gas pipelines. The Volta potential measured by SKP was indicative of the feature of corrosion occurring under the droplet. Three potential zones were observed from the droplet center towards the transition and the side of the droplet, which were -0.1 V, -0.4 V and 0.1 V (Kelvin probe, kp), respectively, after 4 h of testing. The droplet side had the highest Volta potential, which was attributed to corrosion scale generation and precipitation due to a limited solution volume and achieved solubility limit of FeCO<sub>3</sub> scale. The transition zone possessed the most negative Volta potential due to a higher corrosion activity than the droplet center with more supply and dissolution of CO<sub>2</sub>, while the droplet center had the thickest solution. The SKP measurements could estimate the volume evolution of the solution droplet with time at a relatively accurate scale. The solution droplet could maintain its topographic feature, i.e., a spherical cap shape, within 4 h of testing in this work. The increase in droplet concentration due to solution evaporation during testing affected the Volta potential, but slightly only.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 71-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143321000780/pdfft?md5=7b71ebd0dfb24d096cc62af892e276f3&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143321000780-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89329270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Numerical simulation and experimental verification of pitting corrosion propagation in sweet pipeline service 含硫管道点蚀扩展的数值模拟与实验验证

Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpse.2022.01.001

Zhenjin Zhu , Patrick J. Teevens , Huibin Xue , Y. Frank Cheng

{"title":"Numerical simulation and experimental verification of pitting corrosion propagation in sweet pipeline service","authors":"Zhenjin Zhu , Patrick J. Teevens , Huibin Xue , Y. Frank Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2022.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2022.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper has numerically simulated and experimentally verified the pitting corrosion propagation inside a low-alloy carbon steel pipeline for sweet (CO<sub>2</sub>) petroleum service. In this study, a Finite-Element-Analysis-based mechanistic model was first developed to predict the transient dissolution rate of iron ion (Fe<sup>2+</sup>) from a pre-existing pit through solving the Nernst-Planck Equation. Specifically, the computational domain combines a hemispherical-shaped pit and a thin laminar boundary layer of an electrolyte solution. The mesh was generated using quadratic triangular elements in the Cartesian Coordinate System, and a moving mesh method was deployed to track the dynamic pitting propagation. The velocity distribution of the electrolyte solution was computed through solving the Navier-Stokes Equations. Distribution of electrochemical potentials was determined based on the Poisson Equation in consideration of electroneutrality whereas a Debye-Hückel approximation was applied to describe the variation of the potentials at the metal-solution interfaces by reason of the existence of the Electrical Double Layer. The distribution of the ionic concentrations of each participating chemical species was obtained through solving Fick’s Second Law. To verify the developed pitting propagation model, a laboratory testing system was established and a series of experimental tests were performed. The results demonstrate that the predicted pitting corrosion growth rates agree well with the experimental observations. The model described herein is able to predict pitting corrosion rates and induction times for the onset of pitting attack or passivation in a given sweet pipeline system set of operating conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 78-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143322000014/pdfft?md5=bbf687a6dedbdbedb8a0361c4df52b0e&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143322000014-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73389509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Inferring highly corroded buried pipeline locations through saturated soil resistivity information 利用饱和土电阻率信息推断高腐蚀埋地管道位置

Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpse.2021.12.001

Ravin N Deo, Rukshan Azoor, Guoyang Fu, Benjamin Shannon, Jayantha Kodikara

{"title":"Inferring highly corroded buried pipeline locations through saturated soil resistivity information","authors":"Ravin N Deo, Rukshan Azoor, Guoyang Fu, Benjamin Shannon, Jayantha Kodikara","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2021.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2021.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inspection and assessment of ageing buried metallic infrastructure such as pipelines can be costly, especially when soil sampling programs are involved to evaluate large networks and pipe health conditions. In order to reduce these costs through assessment prioritisation at infrastructure locations that are scientifically inferred to be under highly corroded state, advancements in current approaches are necessary. In this study we have investigated the utility of soil resistivity as an index for buried and ageing pipe health status through numerical and field case studies. Numerical study showed that the monotonous relationship between soil resistivity and maximum pit depth that is often considered in literature as linear is actually non-linear. Field study involving in-situ wall thickness measurements of 3 separate water distribution mains (each > 1.5 km in length) at selected excavated locations were compared with the saturated soil resistivity (<em>ρ</em><sub>sat</sub>) acquired a-prior. The <em>ρ</em><sub>sat</sub> was found to be highly correlated to the maximum corrosion pit depths observed in-situ. This correspondence is argued to exist provided the saturated soil resistivity displays statistical uniformity along the pipe and the pipes are not under submerged conditions. Locations on the pipe where <em>ρ</em><sub>sat</sub> < 15 Ω m were found to have corroded relatively more than other locations; in one instant a leaking pipe due to excessive corrosion was also observed. A practical indirect assessment framework was proposed that can be utilised immediately in professional practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 60-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143321000767/pdfft?md5=ac3fe8afa6b67e085c307f99bf7e61b4&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143321000767-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73836970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A new criterion based on strain determination for dent assessment of pipelines 基于应变测定的管道凹痕评估新准则

Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpse.2021.11.004

Jian Zhao, Y. Frank Cheng

{"title":"A new criterion based on strain determination for dent assessment of pipelines","authors":"Jian Zhao, Y. Frank Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2021.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2021.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dents are one of the most common defects on pipelines and compromise the structural integrity. To date, relevant studies on failure assessment of dented pipelines have been limited, and the existing standard, mainly American Society of Mechanical Engineering (ASME) B31.8, contains major problems, making assessment results not sufficiently accurate and reliable. In this work, a new method based on ductile damage failure indictor (DFDI) criterion combined with improved strain determination by a finite element (FE) model was developed for pipeline dent assessment. Dents with different depths were created by applying a spherical indenter of 100 mm in diameter on a pipe segment of 720 mm in outer diameter and 8.1 mm in pipe wall thickness. The DFDI formula considers the influence of spring-back upon removal of indenter, and the difference between the equivalent strain at dent apex and the maximum equivalent strain at the whole dent area. When the indenter displacement is smaller than 8% of pipe outer diameter, the maximum DFDI can be determined from the equivalent strain at the dent apex. When the initial displacement exceeds 8% of the pipe outer diameter, the maximum equivalent strain at the dent area, which deviates from the dent apex, should be determined by the FE model. Moreover, the limitations of ASME B31.8 in dent assessment were explained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 18-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143321000731/pdfft?md5=7cbf8ac3c9355cf127d876110bdbbc2e&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143321000731-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89063968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Strain-based reliability analysis of dented pipelines using a response surface method 基于应变响应面的管道可靠性分析

Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpse.2021.11.002

Ahmed K. Abdelmoety , Muntaseer Kainat , Nader Yoosef-Ghodsi , Yong Li , Samer Adeeb

{"title":"Strain-based reliability analysis of dented pipelines using a response surface method","authors":"Ahmed K. Abdelmoety , Muntaseer Kainat , Nader Yoosef-Ghodsi , Yong Li , Samer Adeeb","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2021.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2021.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dent defects can decrease the life span of oil and gas pipelines. Therefore, they need constant monitoring and maintenance to ensure the pipeline’s safety and integrity. Subsequently, this paper performs a strain-based reliability analysis on pipe dent defects using a response surface method (RSM) with a quadratic response surface (RS), including the interaction terms between the RS variables. The analyses are performed to determine the factors controlling the dent defects’ probability of failure (POF). Different pipe configurations, pipe lengths, indenter sizes, and dent depths are considered in this study. A suitable finite element (FE) model for the reliability analysis was developed for this study using the FE analysis software ABAQUS. The uncertainties in the pipe wall thickness, the dent depth, the yield strength of the pipe material, and the strain capacity are considered for the reliability analysis. The first-order reliability method (FORM) is used in the RSM as the reliability method to calculate the POF and the most probable point (MPP). The POFs of several dent defects were calculated. It has been found that the POF, which is highly related to the nominal value of the maximum equivalent plastic strains generated in the dent defect, is not only related to the indentation depth or the size of the indenter. Thus, the dent depth criterion used in the engineering practice can lead to inconsistent reliability levels in dented pipes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 29-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266714332100072X/pdfft?md5=12717847bcabbe3e2aa1f6d835f20c2e&pid=1-s2.0-S266714332100072X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80630432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Strain model and experimental study of elastic viscoplastic for crack-tip zone of X80 steel pipe X80钢管裂纹尖端区应变模型及弹粘塑性试验研究

Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpse.2021.11.003

Shaohua Dong , Feng Li , Donghua Peng , Hang Zhang , Shiwen Guo , Haotian Wei , Xuan Sun , Yasir Mukhtar

{"title":"Strain model and experimental study of elastic viscoplastic for crack-tip zone of X80 steel pipe","authors":"Shaohua Dong , Feng Li , Donghua Peng , Hang Zhang , Shiwen Guo , Haotian Wei , Xuan Sun , Yasir Mukhtar","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2021.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2021.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanical state of the process zone at the crack-tip is one of the main factors that affect crack initiation and growth in the long-term safe operation of oil and gas pipelines. Many tests showed that the stress and strain fields in the fracture-tip process zone can be used to define the crack propagation behavior. The goal of this paper is to improve the Hutchinson, Rice, and Rosengren (HRR) model by using cubic asymptotic polynomials to describe the stress-strain field at the crack-tip, as well as to validate the model by a thorough comparison with full-scale burst test results that account for the fracture zone's mechanical properties. The asymptotic polynomial elastic viscoplastic distribution model of stress-strain displacement field at the crack-tip is developed, and the HRR method is modified reasonably. The crack propagation test of the X80 steel pipeline in the burst test site is carried out. Experimentally, the distribution of stress and strain field in the crack-tip process zone of the X80 testing pipeline is obtained, then compared with the theoretical solution. The final results showed consistency, and the elastic viscoplastic model matched well with the running fracture test data for the X80 gas pipeline. Besides, the stress and strain fields distribution in the crack-tip process zone is verified through the full-scale test of the X80 steel pipeline, which provides a theoretical basis for the integrity evaluation of the steel pipeline.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 39-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143321000743/pdfft?md5=63489414103fdd539fb149e18e93334f&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143321000743-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86137420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An overview on pipeline steel development for cold climate applications 冷气候用管线钢的发展概况

Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpse.2022.01.003

Enyinnaya G. Ohaeri, Jerzy A. Szpunar

引用次数: 10

Analysis of full-scale burst tests by FE modelling using constant CTOA fracture criterion 采用恒CTOA断裂准则进行全尺寸爆破试验有限元模拟分析

Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpse.2022.01.002

Chris Bassindale , Xin Wang , William R. Tyson , Su Xu , Cindy Guan , Brian Rothwell

{"title":"Analysis of full-scale burst tests by FE modelling using constant CTOA fracture criterion","authors":"Chris Bassindale , Xin Wang , William R. Tyson , Su Xu , Cindy Guan , Brian Rothwell","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2022.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2022.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several backfilled full-scale burst tests were recently performed by TC Energy on CSA Z245.1 Grade 550 Category II pipe steels. This paper presents a new interpretation of the recent full scale burst test data using the crack tip opening angle (CTOA) as fracture propagation criterion. ASTM <span>E3039</span><svg><path></path></svg> was used to determine the CTOA of the pipe steels used in the tests. Correlations of fracture velocity with CTOA and with Charpy absorbed energy CVN were compared. A finite element (FE) model with shell elements and a constant CTOA fracture criterion was implemented for the simulation of dynamic fracture propagation. The commercial FE code ABAQUS was used to generate the models and perform the analyses. The CTOAs determined from ASTM <span>E3039</span><svg><path></path></svg> were used as input to the model and the fracture velocities found from the simulations were in good agreement with experimental values. The polyurethane foam coating used in the tests was incorporated in the model and shown to have a significant effect on the predicted fracture velocity. The fracture resistance curves (pressure vs<em>.</em> velocity) from the present model were compared with those proposed in the HLP-Sumitomo model and shown to be in approximate agreement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143322000026/pdfft?md5=eaa6b9bf0d7ef1aba32e10c444a6760f&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143322000026-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73101533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1