Journal of Membrane Science Letters最新文献

{"title":"Degradation of polycrystalline zeolitic imidazolate framework membrane under reactive plasma conditions","authors":"Hyungjoon Ji ,&nbsp;Wooyoung Choi ,&nbsp;Eunji Choi ,&nbsp;Yunseong Ji ,&nbsp;Minsu Kim ,&nbsp;Hwan-Jin Jeon ,&nbsp;Dae Woo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycrystalline layers of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are effective for fabricating high-performance membranes, particularly for gas separation. However, the chemical degradation of these polycrystalline layers has not been extensively studied, though it is reasonable to anticipate severe degradation under harsh conditions. Accordingly, we investigated the mechanisms of morphological deformation and chemical structure changes in zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8 films under highly reactive conditions using plasma. ZIF-8 was selectively chosen among various MOFs due to its widespread use in gas separation applications and its relatively stable chemical bonds. The plasma generated various reactive species, such as ions and radicals, to accelerate the degradation of the ZIF-8 layer. We observed that reactive Ar ions preferentially etch Zn over C, and fluorine-containing radicals chemically react with Zn to form covalent bonds. Notably, we found that the degradation of the polycrystalline layer initially begins at the grain boundaries. However, as defects form on the grain surfaces, the degradation progresses more extensively within the grains than at the grain boundaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing the local ion concentration in electrodialysis cells via magnetic resonance imaging","authors":"Simon Wennemaring ,&nbsp;Maximilian Meerfeld ,&nbsp;Christian J. Linnartz ,&nbsp;Matthias Wessling","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrodialysis (ED) offers a promising solution to address global freshwater shortages and prevent water pollution caused by brackish wastewater from industrial plants. However, local ion concentrations in an opaque ED module cannot currently be measured, even though this information is essential for efficient desalination.</div><div>Here, we introduce Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as an investigative technique to reveal the concentration profiles within ED modules. The signal intensity correlates with the local copper concentration, enabling us to reconstruct the copper distribution inside the module. In our setup, we used a platinum-coated titanium mesh as the anode and a copper mesh as the cathode. These materials are electrochemically stable and minimize disturbances to the tomograph’s magnetic field. In our example case, we applied a current density of 50<!--> <!-->mA<!--> <!-->cm^-2 with a flow rate of 0.1<!--> <!-->mL<!--> <!-->min^-1. The MRI measurement successfully showed desalination and concentration along the channel length, where the concentration in one diluate channel unexpectedly exhibited a local peak. However, the resolution of the utilized low-field tomograph was not sufficient to image the concentration polarization. Utilizing the proposed desalination module in a high-field tomograph with a higher resolution can deepen our understanding of the <em>in situ</em> process and pave the way for observation-based optimization including the boundary layer at the membranes and unexpected concentration profiles along the channel length.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliable methods to determine experimental energy barriers for transport in salt-rejecting membranes","authors":"Mohammad Allouzi ,&nbsp;Mor Avidar ,&nbsp;Liat Birnhack ,&nbsp;Razi Epsztein ,&nbsp;Anthony P. Straub","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the transport mechanisms in salt-rejecting membranes is critical for improving their separation efficiency and selectivity. Examining transmembrane permeation in terms of energy barriers using the Arrhenius or Eyring approach provides valuable insights into molecular transport within the membrane and at the solution-membrane interfaces. Although useful insights have been gained using the energy barriers framework, which is based on measuring permeability at different temperatures, the method can sometimes show counterintuitive and inconsistent results. In this study, we examine methods to improve the reliability of experimentally obtained energy barriers for transport in salt-rejecting membranes. We first compile energy barrier results for the transport of various solutes in loose and tight salt-rejecting membranes, observing data variability across studies and a weak correlation between energy barriers and membrane type. Next, we demonstrate the importance of thermally stabilizing membranes prior to experimentally evaluating energy barriers, showing that membranes equilibrated at high temperatures and tested with descending temperature produce more stable and reliable trends. In addition to thermal stabilization, we identify that comparing energy barrier values based on a similar concentration polarization modulus is critical when analyzing trends between different solutes and membranes. Following these recommendations, we obtain energy barriers for ion permeation that align with the performance of loose and tight salt-rejecting membranes. We conclude by demonstrating consistent and rational energy barrier measurements in two independent laboratories using the principles discussed. Overall, this study provides important guidelines for the experimental quantification of energy barriers for transport in salt-rejecting membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemically-driven solid oxide tubular membrane reactor for efficient separation of oxygen and argon","authors":"Yuanhui Tang ,&nbsp;Yutao Hu ,&nbsp;Sisi Wen ,&nbsp;Song Lei ,&nbsp;Yakai Lin ,&nbsp;Li Ding ,&nbsp;Haihui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high purity of Ar is crucial for industrial applications such as steel production, welding, and laboratory use, while the similar physical properties of O₂ and Ar make their efficient separation challenging. Existing technologies, such as cryogenic distillation and pressure swing adsorption, are well-established and widely utilized but are hindered by high energy consumption, operational complexity, or limited efficiency. Inspired by the principle that O₂ can permeate through the electrolyte as oxygen ions (O^2-) in a solid oxide electrolysis cell, for the first time, this study designed and developed an electrochemically-driven tubular inorganic membrane reactor to separate O₂/Ar mixtures, achieving high-purity Ar (≥99.99 %). The tubular membrane reactor featured an anode/electrolyte/cathode sandwich structure, offering a compact design particularly suited for gas separation. The reactor employs Ce_0.1Gd_0.9O_2-x (GDC) as the electrolyte, while GDC and Ba_0.9Co_0.7Fe_0.3Nb_0.1O_3-x are used as the electrode materials. The resulting membrane reactor was compact, defect-free, and capable of producing Ar with a purity of 99.99 %. Additionally, under a constant total current of 0.75 A and an operating temperature of 800 °C, the membrane reactor demonstrated stable performance for over 130 hours, maintaining a Faradaic efficiency exceeding 95 %. This study anticipates that the membrane reactor can serve as an effective and practical solution for separating O₂/Ar mixtures, particularly at low O₂ partial pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143292745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated membrane characterization: In-situ monitoring of the permeate and retentate solutions using a 3D printed permeate probe device","authors":"Jonathan Aubuchon Ouimet,&nbsp;Faraj Al-Badani,&nbsp;Xinhong Liu,&nbsp;Laurianne Lair,&nbsp;Zachary W. Muetzel,&nbsp;Alexander W. Dowling,&nbsp;William A. Phillip","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-driving laboratories and automated experiments can accelerate the design workflow and decrease errors associated with experiments that characterize membrane transport properties. Within this study, we use 3D printing to design a custom stirred cell that incorporates inline conductivity probes in the retentate and permeate streams. The probes provide a complete trajectory of the salt concentrations as they evolve over the course of an experiment. Here, automated diafiltration experiments are used to characterize the performance of commercial NF90 and NF270 polyamide membranes over a predetermined range of KCl concentrations from 1 to 100 mM. The measurements obtained by the inline conductivity probes are validated using offline post-experiment analyses. Compared to traditional filtration experiments, the probes decrease the amount of time required for an experimentalist to characterize membrane materials by more than 50× and increase the amount of information generated by 100×. Device design principles to address the physical constraints associated with making conductivity measurements in confined volumes are proposed. Overall, the device developed within this study provides a foundation to establish high-throughput, automated membrane characterization techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The solution-diffusion model: “Rumors of my death have been exaggerated”","authors":"Viatcheslav Freger ,&nbsp;Guy Z. Ramon","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The solution-diffusion (SD) model has been instrumental in the advancement of membrane science, due to its simplicity, transparency, and utility in process engineering. However, some doubts have recently been raised, concerning the fundamental validity of SD. These have largely been based on apparent discrepancies between molecular dynamics simulations and several features, deemed inherent to SD, that appeared in early reports — namely, the exact nature of the pressure and concentration distributions within the membrane. Herein, we re-visit the underlying physics of SD in the context of composite membranes, making no a-priori assumptions and, particularly, highlighting the role of polymer thermodynamics and the mechanics of a loaded, swollen film, supported by a porous substrate. The analysis provides a coherent view, linking the solvent concentration profile within the film and the resultant flux-pressure relations with the polymer rigidity and, importantly, the way in which the film is supported. It is shown that, although the flux may generally vary non-linearly with the feed pressure and depend on the film-support geometry, for rigid films – most common in real operations – SD predicts a linear behavior, virtually independent of specific geometry and pressure distribution. Moving forward, we stress the importance and need for further refinements of the SD model, driven by insight from molecular dynamics, thermodynamics and mechanics, while maintaining its applicability to process design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772421224000187/pdfft?md5=3aef864909003eb19f6cf1bca2828a98&pid=1-s2.0-S2772421224000187-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142173457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporation of polyzwitterions in superabsorbent network membranes for enhanced saltwater absorption and retention","authors":"Kang-Ting Huang ,&nbsp;Cao Tuong Vi Nguyen ,&nbsp;Pin-Ju Yu ,&nbsp;Cheng-Lin Lee ,&nbsp;Chun-Jen Huang ,&nbsp;Yung Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) have a remarkable ability to absorb significant quantities of water. However, their absorption capacity is significantly reduced when exposed to saline solutions, such as urine, due to the polyelectrolyte effect and charge screening.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, we demonstrate a zwitterionic superabsorbent polymer (ZSAP) with excellent salt-water absorption and retention capacities. ZSAP was synthesized by grafting a copolymer of p(sulfobetaine methacrylate-<em>co</em>-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (p(SBMA-<em>co</em>-HEMA)) onto an acrylic acid (AA)-based hydrogel via free-radical polymerization. The introduction of zwitterionic SBMA significantly enhances the hydrophilicity of the polymer, particularly in a saline solution due to the anti-polyelectrolyte effect, thereby accelerating the rate of salt absorption. Additionally, the hydroxyl groups from HEMA facilitate the formation of covalent bonds with the AA network membrane through esterification, effectively mitigating polymer leaching. The hydration/dehydration behaviors of linear polymers were measured using the dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) method. Moreover, the salt-water absorption capacity, centrifuge retention capacity (CRC), and absorbency under load (AUL) of ZSAP with various SBMA moieties and copolymer dosages were comprehensively evaluated in a 0.9 wt% sodium chloride solution. Additionally, the water retention under different temperatures and polymer leaching of ZSAP were investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Significant Findings</h3><p>The copolymer p(SBMA-<em>co</em>-HEMA) not only demonstrates a high salt-water absorption rate at 90% RH in a 0.9 wt% NaCl solution but also exhibits superior water retention at 0% RH compared to the AA polymer. Moreover, the ZSAP exhibits superior salt-water absorption capacity and AUL in a 0.9 wt% NaCl solution compared to conventional AA-based SAP. Additionally, the introduction of the hydroxyl moiety from the p(SBMA-<em>co</em>-HEMA) copolymer reduces free polymer leaching from ZSAP. This work presents an approach for the development of new SAP with high salt-water absorption and retention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772421224000175/pdfft?md5=8a876de88c228d5090fcc58cd47e9949&pid=1-s2.0-S2772421224000175-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142128482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt partitioning and transport in polyamide reverse osmosis membranes at ultrahigh pressures","authors":"Kevin Pataroque ,&nbsp;Jishan Wu ,&nbsp;Jinlong He ,&nbsp;Hanqing Fan ,&nbsp;Subhamoy Mahajan ,&nbsp;Kevin Guo ,&nbsp;Jason Le ,&nbsp;Kay Au ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Eric M.V. Hoek ,&nbsp;Menachem Elimelech","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding salt and water transport mechanisms in reverse osmosis (RO) under high pressures and salinities is critical to advancing RO-based brine management technologies. In this study, we investigate the dependence of salt permeance and partitioning on feed salinity and applied pressure. Salt partitioning coefficients were determined using a novel high-pressure quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and salt permeances were collected using a lab-scale high-pressure dead-end cell. Our results show that salt permeance decreases with respect to feed concentration, in contrast to conventional theories for charged RO membranes. We further show salt partitioning coefficients do not change with applied hydrostatic pressure but are dependent on feed salt concentration. We use non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to show that these trends are explained by salinity and pressure-induced changes to the structure of the polyamide layer, namely osmotic deswelling and compaction. Changes in the polyamide layer thickness and pore size alter the frictional interactions of ions, affecting membrane performance at larger salinities and pressures. These results provide new insights on how structure-performance relationships affect salt transport at higher pressures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772421224000138/pdfft?md5=826dd12271ae7855aa58311f2c09b7ac&pid=1-s2.0-S2772421224000138-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conquering surfactant-induced partial wetting of commercial membrane in membrane distillation through in-situ water flushing","authors":"Jiahao Mo ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Xianhui Li ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surfactant-induced wetting impedes the practical implementation of membrane distillation (MD). Addressing this issue demands the development of an effective membrane cleaning strategy that can eliminate surfactants adhering to the membrane surface and restore the membrane hydrophobicity. However, current cleaning methods, such as direct drying and pressurized air backwashing, encounter challenges in thoroughly removing surfactants trapped within the pores while preserving the structural integrity of the membrane. This work presents a refined approach to conquer surfactant-induced wetting in MD by water flushing. Utilizing ultrasonic time domain reflectometry and optical coherence tomography techniques, we identified a critical cleaning depth and showed that the hydrophobicity of a partially wetted membrane can be fully recovered by water flushing when the wetting depth is below the critical threshold. Theoretical models evidenced that in instances of low water temperature and low flow rate conditions, relatively high critical cleaning depths can be realized, thereby expanding the operational scope for achieving complete hydrophobicity recovery. Our results demonstrated the applicability of water flushing to commercial membrane modules without necessitating any modification, emphasizing its substantial potential for advancing MD applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100082"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772421224000163/pdfft?md5=f72a2ab796c7a5c91f6e295161719faa&pid=1-s2.0-S2772421224000163-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of surfactant properties on pore wetting of membrane distillation","authors":"Connor Coolidge ,&nbsp;Azal Mohammed Hassan Alhadidi ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Tiezheng Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memlet.2024.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pore wetting is a major constraint to the performance of membrane distillation (MD) for hypersaline brine treatment. Despite the existence of surfactants with diverse properties, an explicit relationship between the properties of surfactants and their capabilities of inducing pore wetting has yet to be established. In this study, we perform a comparative analysis of the wetting behaviors of various surfactants with different charges and molecular weights in MD desalination. The induction time of surfactants to initiate pore wetting was correlated to the apparent contact angle and surface tension of the feedwater. Our results show that different surfactants resulting in similar feedwater surface tensions can lead to drastically different wetting potential, suggesting that both charge of the head group and molecular weight of surfactants have a significant influence on membrane pore wetting. Further, we demonstrate that parameters that have been commonly used to indicate wetting potential, including apparent contact angle and solution surface tension, are not reliable in predicting the wetting behavior of MD membranes, which is intricately linked with surfactant properties such as charge and molecular size. We envision that our results not only improve our fundamental understanding of surfactant-induced wetting but also provide valuable insights that necessitate thorough consideration of surfactant properties in evaluating wetting potential and membrane wetting resistance for MD desalination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772421224000114/pdfft?md5=3e6d124a373ac90da221d14e03d54437&pid=1-s2.0-S2772421224000114-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}