{"title":"Decoupling solvent features to address spurious correlations in ceramic Organic Solvent Nanofiltration membranes","authors":"Wout Linsen , Pieter-Jan Piccard , Jef Hooyberghs , Anita Buekenhoudt","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2026.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2026.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic Solvent Nanofiltration has emerged as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional thermal methods; yet its widespread implementation is hindered by its poorly understood transport mechanism. Improving the prediction of membrane flux and retention is therefore essential, which has recently been primarily advanced through data-driven modeling. Prediction and interpretation of organic solvent nanofiltration transport, however, are complicated by the collinearity between solvent size and Hansen solubility, as they are dependent on one another for common organic solvent nanofiltration solvents. Considering both solvent size and solubility are known to correlate strongly with flux, the collinearity of these properties obscures the impact of either of them. We break this collinearity by performing flux measurements on outlier solvents in unmodified and methyl-grafted ceramic membranes at room temperature. Breaking collinearity is achieved using propylene carbonate and glycerol-water mixtures, whose molecular size and solubility (at room temperature) significantly deviate from the trend established by common organic solvent nanofiltration solvents. To quantitatively identify the true driver of flux for each membrane separately, linear models using either solvent kinetic diameter, molar volume, or Hansen solubility as predictors are compared using statistical tests. Our analysis indicates that molecular size (specifically, the squared reciprocal kinetic diameter) is the true predictor of flux for unmodified and methyl-grafted titania membranes separately, while molar volume and Hansen solubility add no further predictive power. This method can be extended to, e.g., investigate membrane and temperature dependence. Decoupling solvent size and Hansen solubility can help improve the understanding of organic solvent nanofiltration transport and, via dimensionality reduction, aid the development of data-driven modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timothy M. Weigand, Riley Vickers, Cass T. Miller, Orlando Coronell
{"title":"Temporal fluctuations of non-equilibrium water accessible pathways in polyamide reverse osmosis active layers","authors":"Timothy M. Weigand, Riley Vickers, Cass T. Miller, Orlando Coronell","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular-scale simulations of pressure-driven transport through polyamide domains were performed. Analysis revealed the importance of non-equilibrium molecular distributions and the existence of connected pathways from feed to permeate at all times. Individual pathways were found to be ephemeral with an observed upper bound persistence time of 1.75 ns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noah Ferguson, Maqsud Chowdhury, Colin Fitzsimonds, Nicole Beauregard, Mayur Ostwal, Marianne Pemberton, Edward Wazer, Caylin Cyr, Ranjan Srivastava, Jeffrey R. McCutcheon
{"title":"Self-regulating behavior of hybrid membrane systems as demonstrated in an element-scale forward osmosis-reverse osmosis hybrid system","authors":"Noah Ferguson, Maqsud Chowdhury, Colin Fitzsimonds, Nicole Beauregard, Mayur Ostwal, Marianne Pemberton, Edward Wazer, Caylin Cyr, Ranjan Srivastava, Jeffrey R. McCutcheon","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid membrane systems can be difficult to design due to the requisite flow rate matching between up- and downstream unit operations. In this work, we use a forward osmosis-reverse osmosis (FO-RO) hybrid system to demonstrate how some membrane systems can exhibit self-regulating behavior due to osmotic coupling. This can reduce the need for complex control systems for flow balancing. We show this behavior using a module-scale test bed that can mimic the behavior of larger scale operations. The system shows permeate flow rate near-convergence between the FO and RO modules after startup or when perturbed by a change in RO module pressure. The behavior of this hybrid system demonstrates that some membrane operations can exploit osmotic interdependence, rather than expensive control systems, to achieve steady state operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khalid Mohammad Tayyab , Mohammad Aadil , Chul Ho Park
{"title":"Ongoing phase separation inside hollow fiber membranes via non-solvent induced phase separation","authors":"Khalid Mohammad Tayyab , Mohammad Aadil , Chul Ho Park","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the critical influence of residual solvent on pore evolution during the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) process. Employing a comprehensive multi-technique approach, including FT-IR spectroscopy, UV absorbance, contact angle, mechanical testing, shrinkage analysis, and confocal fluorescence microscopy, membrane's morphological evolution is elucidated. The findings demonstrate that residual solvent, particularly under elevated cleaning temperatures, significantly promotes pore collapse, leading to a substantial reduction in water flux. To mitigate this issue, we develop a tailored cleaning solution (methanol, water, and calcium chloride) that effectively enhances solvent exchange while maintaining the rejection performance for bovine serum albumin (BSA). Crucially, this research reveals that residual solvent significantly affects membrane performance, influencing pore structure in ways that go beyond the traditional understanding of the initial phase separation process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication and property modification of free-standing PSS/PDADMAC ultra- and microfiltration membranes by incorporating cellulosic additives","authors":"Ang Zhao , Lea Erbacher , Prasath Paskaran , Matthias Wessling","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In classical membrane fabrication, water-soluble additives such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) have been pivotal in generating porosity and tuning surface properties. By contrast, comparable modifiers for membranes produced via all-aqueous processes – such as polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) membranes – remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) act as effective pore formers and structural modifiers in PEC flat-sheet membranes prepared by salt-dilution-induced phase inversion. During fabrication, a fraction of the cellulosic additive is leached from the polymer solution, enhancing membrane porosity and permeability, while the residual fraction reinforces mechanical stability. Crosslinking with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) further strengthens the membranes. Membranes using HEC as the cellulosic additive exhibit a tunable increase in pure water permeability (from <span><math><mrow><mn>43</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>10</mn></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>123</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>47</mn></mrow></math></span> <!--> <!-->LMH<span><math><mi>⋅</mi></math></span>bar<sup>−1</sup>) and molecular weight cut-off (from <span><math><mrow><mn>117</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>64</mn></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>460</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>360</mn></mrow></math></span> <!--> <!-->kDa). In addition, additive pretreatment and crosslinking strategies enable surface charge modulation, shifting it from positive to neutral or negative, and tailoring salt retention profiles. These findings establish cellulosic additives as versatile design elements in the emerging class of aqueous PEC membrane systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Tanaka, Seiya Ikeda, Nozomu Yoshikuni, Kohki Mukai
{"title":"Membrane separation of dispersion of PbS colloidal quantum dots with iodide ligands","authors":"Jun Tanaka, Seiya Ikeda, Nozomu Yoshikuni, Kohki Mukai","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have succeeded in membrane separation to classify PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) with iodide ligands, which have the potential to significantly improve the performance of many optoelectronic devices such as solar cells. CQDs are expected to be applied in various fields due to their unique features; however, a method for mass-producing uniform CQDs has not yet been established, and the high manufacturing costs resulting from small-scale production are hindering social implementation. We have proposed the membrane separation process as an alternative to conventional centrifugation and demonstrated an acceleration and improved efficiency of the separation processes, thereby eliminating the bottlenecks. Size separation of CQDs with iodide ligands (I-CQDs) using membrane filtration has remained particularly challenging due to their inevitable adsorption to the membrane. In this work, I-CQDs were successfully withdrawn to the filtrate without adsorption by dispersing them in a quaternary mixed solvent that satisfies the adsorption-inhibiting conditions proposed in previous studies, which are based on Hansen solubility parameters. Our membrane separation technology will become the basis for the low-cost production of I-CQDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel carbon molecular sieve membranes for CO2 separation derived from the zero-dimension carbon quantum dots doped polyimide","authors":"Lujie Sheng, Xianglong Zhang, Qingdi Mu, Hui Li, Jizhong Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes are very promising for efficient gas separation. In this work, a novel CMS membrane was constructed from the zero-dimension material doped polyimide precursor. The introduction of carbon quantum dots into the polyimide matrix precursor regulated the nanopores structure of the derived CMS membranes precisely for CO<sub>2</sub> separation. The PSD (pore size distribution) near 0.35 nm became narrower after the carbon quantum dots incorporation. And, the novel CMS membranes showed attracting enhancement of gas permeability (114.6 Barrer) and selectivity (94.7) for CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> separation simultaneously, which broke 2008 upper bound. Furthermore, the zero-dimension materials are the promising fillers to regulate the nanopores structure of the CMS membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arian Enayat, Mehdi Azhdarzadeh, Sadaf Noamani, Andre McDonald, Mohtada Sadrzadeh
{"title":"Joule-heating membranes: Do they really work for membrane distillation processes?","authors":"Arian Enayat, Mehdi Azhdarzadeh, Sadaf Noamani, Andre McDonald, Mohtada Sadrzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study critically evaluates the effectiveness of Joule-heated membranes (JHMs) in membrane distillation (MD) processes. Using a Nusselt-based mathematical model and experimental validation, we assess whether JHMs can significantly enhance mass transfer and energy efficiency in MD systems. Our results demonstrate that although JHMs do reduce temperature polarization by 2-3 times compared to conventional MD, the overall flux gains remain modest under standard configurations due to limitations in system design, such as uninsulated tanks and insufficient heat localization. The findings suggest that the limitations are not inherent to the JHMs themselves, but rather stem from suboptimal system integration. With targeted improvements in module insulation, flow configuration, and coating materials, JHMs hold promise for scalable and energy-efficient water treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maximizing liquid fertilizer concentration during ammoniacal nitrogen recovery using hollow fiber membrane contactors","authors":"Musie Welldegerima Atsbha, Oded Nir","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hollow fiber membrane contactors (HFMC) can recover high-purity ammonium (liquid) fertilizer from wastewater with low energy and area footprint. Previous studies examined factors such as pH, initial ammonia concentration, flow rate, stream configuration, and acid-stripping solution. However, water flux through the membrane, impacting %N in acid stripping, remains a key barrier to producing commercial-grade liquid fertilizer. This study tested %N enhancement by increasing feed-side salinity to reduce vapor pressure, thereby reducing undesired water flux to the acid side. Two salinity levels (2 M and 5 M NaCl) representing zeolite regeneration solutions were tested. With 5 M NaCl, water flux was nullified, yielding 12 %N (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) over two cycles, considered very high for this technology. In contrast, 2 M NaCl allowed water flux, achieving only 9 %N. In a third cycle, 5 M NaCl further increased %N to ∼14 %, an unprecedented result for HFMC. Water flux was negative (-0.031 L/m²·h) with 5 M and positive (0.015 L/m²·h) with 2 M NaCl, indicating reverse or forward flow. Ammonia removal efficiency and transfer coefficient (<em>K</em>) remained stable. Furthermore, the membrane prevented ion cross-contamination, producing high-purity liquid fertilizer. Operating at higher salinity, as in ammonia-laden regeneration solutions, may be economically feasible due to solution reusability. This approach optimizes feed properties for highly concentrated liquid fertilizer production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pressure-drop reduction by oil-infused spacers","authors":"Arthur Boyko, Alina Lemster, Guy. Z Ramon","doi":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.memlet.2025.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores oil-infused polydimethylsiloxane (iPDMS) feed spacers designed to reduce pressure drop in spiral-wound membrane (SWM) modules. While crucial for structural support and fouling mitigation, conventional feed spacers increase pressure drop, leading to higher energy demands. By infusing PDMS spacers with silicone oils of varying viscosities (10, 20, and 100 cSt), we achieved significant reductions in pressure drop—up to 46% compared to non-infused spacers. Lower-viscosity oils demonstrated the most pronounced improvements. Numerical simulations corroborate the experimental data, showing that the slippery surface of the oil-infused spacers minimizes flow resistance and reduces energy dissipation. These findings suggest that incorporating oil-infused spacers can enhance SWM module efficiency, offering a promising approach to lowering operational energy costs in membrane-based water treatment systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Membrane Science Letters","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}