Journal of Liver Transplantation最新文献

{"title":"Rebuttal to the author's reply - The German Transplantation Scandal","authors":"Björn Nashan","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666967623000594/pdfft?md5=e71a245b2dc836c75729672b24a7f91d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666967623000594-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High discordance rate between explant and listing diagnosis among liver transplant recipients for alcoholic liver disease","authors":"Aditya Gandhi , Kenji Okumura , Kevin Wolfe , Seigo Nishida , Roxana Bodin , Abhay Dhand","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2023.100199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666967623000612/pdfft?md5=4e577293c0a1e9adb72c2b98f897a1d0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666967623000612-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139107106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of early and long-term readmissions and their association with survival after liver transplantation","authors":"N Simonian ,&nbsp;M Brahmania ,&nbsp;M Bhat ,&nbsp;A Kim ,&nbsp;HLA Janssen ,&nbsp;BE Hansen ,&nbsp;K Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The impact of post liver transplantation (LT) readmissions on mortality has not been well described. Thus, the primary objective of our study was to determine predictors of readmissions post-LT and assess impact on survival.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Single center retrospective observational study investigating adult patients who underwent LT between January 1, 2010 – December 31, 2019 at Toronto General Hospital (TGH). Time-dependent cox regression model was used to investigate risk factors for 30-day, 30–90-day, and &gt;90-day readmissions to hospital. The effect of readmission on survival was assessed with the Kaplan–Meier estimator.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>987 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. Significant predictors of 30-day readmissions were BMI &gt; 30 kg/m² (HR=0.64; CI 0.42–0.98; p-value 0.04) and autoimmune/cholestatic liver disease (HR=1.86; CI 1.01–3.42; <em>p</em> = 0.046) at 30-days. Post-LT length of stay (HR=1.05; CI 1.02–1.08; <em>p</em>&lt;0.001) at 30–90 days. Meanwhile, living donor LT (HR=1.41; CI 1.06–1.89; <em>p</em> = 0.02) and distance from LT center (HR=1.05; CI 1.01–1.09; <em>p</em> = 0.011) after 90 days. Infection was the main reason for readmission across three time periods. An inpatient readmission across any time period was found to be significantly associated with mortality (HR=2.4; 1.6–3.6; <em>p</em>&lt;0.0001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Hospital readmissions post-LT are associated with increased mortality. Although infection is a common risk factor for readmission other modifiable risk factors may be an area for target of interventions to reduce post-LT readmission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666967623000570/pdfft?md5=72f7492705b270a2ea4c2ccbf8e5b27e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666967623000570-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139025155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative management of glucose and lactate homeostasis in paediatric glycogen storage disease type 1a coming for living donor liver transplant","authors":"Annu Sarin Jolly ,&nbsp;Vidyadhar Metri ,&nbsp;Sanjay K. Goja ,&nbsp;Manoj K. Singh ,&nbsp;Varun Mahabaleshwar ,&nbsp;Sahana Shankar","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glycogen storage disease (GSD) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive inherited disorder of carbohydrate metabolism. There are multiple types of GSD, out of which GSD type I, III, IV, VI, and IX show liver involvement. Due to a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme in this disorder, glycogen stored in the liver cannot be metabolised, leading to poor tolerance to fasting and increased risk of hypoglycaemia and lactate acidosis. Inability to metabolise glycogen leads to progressive accumulation of glycogen in liver leading to hepatic adenoma (HA) and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver transplantation (LT) has been proposed as the preferred therapy for these types of GSD, as it helps in correcting the primary hepatic enzyme defect, thereby improving the quality of life and reducing the risk of HCC. Herein we report our experience of perioperative management of paediatric GSD type 1a (Von Gierke's disease) patient undergoing living donor liver transplant (LDLT).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666967623000582/pdfft?md5=e9597817f053818f38e92a1a7f9b7ac9&pid=1-s2.0-S2666967623000582-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139018686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase of circulating IgA levels after pediatric liver transplantation. A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Guillermo Costaguta ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Dion ,&nbsp;Marie-Ève Chartier ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Paganelli ,&nbsp;Fernando Álvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2023.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Elevation of IgA levels has not been studied in the post-transplant setting. We present a series of pediatric liver recipients with elevated IgA during follow-up and relate them to changes in renal function.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We conducted a retrospective study of patients that underwent a liver transplantation at our institution between 2002 and 2022 and excluded those with less than two years of follow-up.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Eighty-five patients were identified, 56% with elevated IgA. They were younger at transplantation (<em>p</em> 0.006) and had persistent splenomegaly (<em>p</em> 0.02). They were also more likely to have allergies (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, 93% of those with eczema (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and 90% of those with food allergy had elevated IgA (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Glomerular filtration rate decreased over time in both groups, although it wasn't significant. However, the rate was different between the two (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), especially after the sixth year of follow-up (<em>p</em> 0.02). Furthermore, of the 14 patients with values below 90 mL/min/1.73 m², 12 belonged to the group with elevated IgA (<em>p</em> 0.02).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We believe that intestinal permeability secondary to portal hypertension combined with tacrolimus exposure may facilitate the development of immune reactions increasing IgA levels, causing its deposition in kidneys, and leading to renal injury over time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666967623000569/pdfft?md5=3369760c40c54c92fe76a8eb6870e3e0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666967623000569-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138448979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver transplantation for liver hemangioma: The Paul Brousse Hospital experience and a systematic review of the literature","authors":"Ainhoa Andres Imaz,&nbsp;Maria Conticchio,&nbsp;Chady Salloum,&nbsp;Daniel Cherqui,&nbsp;René Adam,&nbsp;Daniel Azoulay","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2023.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Liver hemangiomas are the most common type of benign liver tumor in adults, often asymptomatic and non amenable to treatment. Liver transplantation has been suggested to be an effective treatment option in highly selected patients with non-resectable giant liver hemangiomas causing severe symptoms when other treatment options have failed or are deemed inappropriate</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We report our experience at Paul Brousse Hospital with liver transplantation for giant hepatic hemangioma and a systematic review of the literature on the indication of liver transplantation, to clarify feasibility and short- and long-term outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The literature search yielded 525 articles. After screening titles and abstracts, 19 articles were finally included in this review. Regarding our experience during the study period, three out of 3593 liver transplantations were carried out for giant symptomatic hemangioma. In the literature 23 cases were described, of which 5 associated to a Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, with an acceptable follow up.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Giant liver hemangiomas represent a rare indication for liver transplantation. Exceptionally when other treatment options have failed or are not suitable, liver transplantation is a safe and effective option.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666967623000557/pdfft?md5=b12973f4f32766159ae153277f0e565a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666967623000557-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134689142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of pulmonary hypertension with inhaled nitric oxide during orthotopic liver transplantation","authors":"Sonya Soh ,&nbsp;Ahmed Al Gharrash ,&nbsp;Ian Kaufman ,&nbsp;Peter Metrakos ,&nbsp;Jennifer Kalil ,&nbsp;Thomas Schricker","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2023.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite pre-transplant screening, patients with chronic liver disease may present with previously undiagnosed pulmonary hypertension (PH) at the time of liver transplantation. While severe portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) at the time of surgery is considered a contraindication to transplantation, the current evidence guiding perioperative management of newly diagnosed PH is limited.</p><p>We present a case of a 65-year-old male with previously undiagnosed severe PH secondary to cirrhosis-related hyperdynamic circulation, successfully managed with intra- and postoperative inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy during orthotopic liver transplantation. Rapid stabilization of elevated mean pulmonary pressures (mPAP) allowed an uncomplicated perioperative transplant course.</p><p>This case highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing newly diagnosed PH at the time of liver transplantation. Whereas severe PoPH presents significant perioperative risk, PH in cirrhosis is more commonly due to alternative etiologies of venous congestion or hyperdynamic circulation. Our case suggests that elevated mPAP of alternative etiologies may not immediately compromise postoperative transplant outcomes. Intraoperative vasodilator therapy, including iNO, may be a useful therapeutic and diagnostic tool in these cases. Further investigation into perioperative management of new PH in liver transplantation is warranted to refine surgical decision-making and improve patient outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666967623000545/pdfft?md5=eda302a6b088525ba2bc33fe2cd4b474&pid=1-s2.0-S2666967623000545-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92134261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular thrombosis after pediatric liver transplantation: Is prevention achievable?","authors":"Mercedes Martinez ,&nbsp;Elise Kang ,&nbsp;Fernando Beltramo ,&nbsp;Michael Nares ,&nbsp;Asumthia Jeyapalan ,&nbsp;Alicia Alcamo ,&nbsp;Alexandra Monde ,&nbsp;Leslie Ridall ,&nbsp;Sameer Kamath ,&nbsp;Kristina Betters ,&nbsp;Courtney Rowan ,&nbsp;Richard Shane Mangus ,&nbsp;Shubhi Kaushik ,&nbsp;Matt Zinter ,&nbsp;Joseph Resch ,&nbsp;Danielle Maue","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2023.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Vascular thromboses (VT) are life-threatening events after pediatric liver transplantation (LT). Single-center studies have identified risk factors for intra-abdominal VT, but large-scale pediatric studies are lacking.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This multicenter retrospective cohort study of isolated pediatric LT recipients assessed pre- and perioperative variables to determine VT risk factors and anticoagulation-associated bleeding complications.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Within seven postoperative days, 31/331 (9.37%) patients developed intra-abdominal VT. Open fascia occurred more commonly in patients with VT (51.61 vs 23.33%) and remained the only independent risk factor in multivariable analysis (OR = 2.84, <em>p</em> = 0.012). Patients with VT received more blood products (83.87 vs 50.00%), had significantly higher rates of graft loss (22.58 vs 1.33%), infection (50.00 vs 20.60%), and unplanned return to the operating room (70.97 vs 16.44%) compared to those without VT. The risk of bleeding was similar (<em>p</em> = 0.2) between patients on and off anticoagulation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Prophylactic anticoagulation did not increase bleeding complications in this cohort. The only independent factor associated with VT was open fascia, likely a graft/recipient size mismatch surrogate, supporting the need to improve surgical techniques to prevent VT that may not be modifiable with anticoagulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666967623000478/pdfft?md5=f77e1481231946b4888e853dcbfad732&pid=1-s2.0-S2666967623000478-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92045591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of liver transplant program in Pakistan and the challenges ahead","authors":"Imran Ali Syed ,&nbsp;Abdullah Khalid ,&nbsp;Bilal Ahmed Khan ,&nbsp;Usman Iqbal Aujla","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2023.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><p>The burden of Liver disease has significant implications on the healthcare infrastructure in Pakistan, with viral hepatitis being the leading etiology of end-stage liver disease. Liver transplant remains the only curative treatment option for end-stage liver disease. A decade ago, the liver transplant facility was almost non-existent for the Pakistani population, and the patients with end-stage liver disease had to travel overseas to receive liver transplantation. Gradually, during the last decade the country has progressed steeply and achieved various milestones in living donor liver transplantation. Various public and private sector hospitals are providing liver transplant services nationwide. The study aimed to describe the evolution and success of living donor liver transplant programs in Pakistan. We will also discuss the current practices involved in donor and recipient selection, factors related to non-existent deceased donor organ programs, and the introduction of innovative strategies to overcome the shortage of donor organ pools.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively analyzed the data of the first 416 living donor liver transplants (LDLTs) performed at PKLI&amp;RC from March 2019 to April 2023. The stepwise approach for the donor and recipient selection process is described in detail, along with the survival outcomes of LDLT at our center.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the 416 living donor liver transplants performed between March 2019 and April 2023. The Hepatitis C virus was the most common etiology (50.5 %) for chronic liver disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was present in 27.9 % of cases. Most donors were offspring of the recipients, with sons accounting for 23 % and daughters for 17.5 % of cases. Only a single (0.24 %) patient had a deceased donor transplant. The annual donor rejection rate was up to 68 % at our center. Nine SWAP transplants were performed to overcome the donor shortage. The Clavien Dindo classification system was used to grade the severity of complications after donor hepatectomy. No donor mortality (grade-5 complication) was observed in our cohort, whereas 1- and 3-year recipient survival rates were 89 % and 88 %, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Hepatitis C virus remains the most common etiology of chronic liver disease requiring liver transplantation. The major pool of living donations was from first-degree relatives. There was no donor mortality with acceptable 1- and 3-year recipient's survival rates. Living donor liver transplantation is a feasible and safe strategy in regions where cadaveric liver transplant program is limited.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666967623000491/pdfft?md5=856009dad386d98a2e57fb98724e0dbc&pid=1-s2.0-S2666967623000491-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91964488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis after liver transplantation in a predominantly living donor liver transplant center","authors":"Murat Harputluoglu ,&nbsp;Mehmet Zeki Calgin ,&nbsp;Engin Ataman ,&nbsp;Deniz Tikici ,&nbsp;Koray Kutluturk ,&nbsp;Ramazan Kutlu ,&nbsp;Cumali Savas Efe ,&nbsp;Sezai Yilmaz","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2023.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><p>The number of studies reporting in detail the complications that occur after liver transplantation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), especially after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), is limited. In this study we present the complications and outcomes of PSC patients after liver transplantation in a predominantly LDLT center.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Adult and pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation for PSC between February 2008 and October 2020 were included in the study. The demographic characteristics, presence of co-existing diseases, indications for transplantation, type of transplantation, and immunosuppressive treatments used were recorded. Patient survival, survival times, cause of death, recurrences, rejection, and biliary complications were recorded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirty patients who underwent liver transplantation for PSC were included in the study. Twenty-seven patients (90 %) were living donor transplants. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates after transplantation were 75.9 %, 74.9 %, and 74.9 %, respectively. Biliary complications occurred in 15 patients (50 %). All patients with biliary complications were successfully treated with endoscopic and percutaneous interventional treatments. Chronic rejection occurred in three patients (10 %) and acute rejection occurred in five patients (13.3 %). PSC recurrence developed in five patients (18.5 %).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Biliary complications are the most common complication after liver transplantation in patients with PSC in our center, where LDLT is used extensively and PSC patients are followed closely with respect to biliary complications after transplantation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266696762300048X/pdfft?md5=698eb5a6bef4939abe1bc5c064ff6ac6&pid=1-s2.0-S266696762300048X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91964487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}