Journal of Liver Transplantation最新文献

{"title":"Is bariatric surgery safer before, during, or after liver transplantation? A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Andrea Chierici ,&nbsp;Mohammed Alromayan ,&nbsp;Serena De Fatico ,&nbsp;Céline Drai ,&nbsp;Danilo Vinci ,&nbsp;Rodolphe Anty ,&nbsp;Luigi Schiavo ,&nbsp;Antonio Iannelli","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2023.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The incidence of morbid obesity is increasing constantly. One of the most common complications related to obesity is represented by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease that can range from fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which is progressively becoming the first cause of end-stage liver disease and need for liver transplantation with alcohol hepatitis. Moreover, many factors contribute to an elevated incidence of morbid obesity in the post-transplant setting and individuals with obesity undergoing liver transplantation rarely succeed in losing weight postoperatively. Individuals with obesity in the pre- and post-transplant setting benefit from weight loss with reduced morbidity and mortality. Bariatric surgery is effective in inducing weight loss and obesity-related medical problems resolution but its application in the liver transplant setting is limited.</p><p>The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore postoperative morbidity and mortality of bariatric surgery performed before, during, or after liver transplantation.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This is a systematic review and proportion meta-analysis of 24 studies based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Bariatric surgery performed in patients with obesity and end-stage liver disease waiting for liver transplantation is associated with a 5% major post-bariatric surgery complications rate and a 7% 1-year post-liver transplantation mortality. Patients who had bariatric surgery for morbid obesity after liver transplantation had a 16% post-bariatric surgery major complication rate. For patients undergoing simultaneous bariatric surgery and liver transplantation, meta-analysis was not applicable but the review of the literature found 1/10 patients experiencing major postoperative bariatric-related complications and 31/32 patients were alive 1 year after operation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Bariatric surgery must be performed in selected cases in the setting of liver transplantation. Simultaneous bariatric surgery and liver transplantation are associated with low morbidity and mortality while bariatric surgery after liver transplantation showed increased morbidity. Bariatric surgery before LT is feasible and can improve liver function for patients in transplant waiting list.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49883939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of microvesicles as markers of inflammation and adverse clinical outcomes in orthotopic liver transplantation","authors":"Gabriela Lisiane Tripiquia Vechiatto Mesquita ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Hitomi Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Cristiane Maria de Souza ,&nbsp;José Mauro Kutner ,&nbsp;Márcio Dias de Almeida ,&nbsp;Camila de Oliveira Vaz ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Rosa dos Santos ,&nbsp;Bruna Cardoso Jachinto ,&nbsp;José Diogo Oliveira ,&nbsp;Irene Pereira dos Santos ,&nbsp;Bruna de Moraes Mazetto ,&nbsp;Fernanda Andrade Orsi","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2023.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microvesicles (MV) are intracellular transmitters that participate in both physiological and pathological conditions, such as inflammatory processes. During orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), the abrupt exacerbation of inflammatory response contributes to adverse transplant outcomes. Our hypothesis is that MVs are released due to the OLT-associated inflammatory response and may serve as biomarkers of OLT short-term prognosis. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in MV marker levels during OLT and their association with adverse outcomes. Blood samples of patients submitted to OLT were collected on three occasions: pretransplant, reperfusion phase and end of hospitalization. The following MVs markers were quantified by flow cytometry: CD41A+-MV, CD162+-MV, CD31+-MV, CD9+-MV and CD81+-MV. ANOVA with repeated measures, Spearman correlation and regression models were performed for data analysis. Ninety patients were included with a median age of 60 years; most of them had viral or alcoholic cirrhosis. The levels of all MV markers increased from the pretransplant to the liver reperfusion phase and returned to their basal levels before hospital discharge. During reperfusion, the levels of CD162+-MV (r 0.703; <em>P</em> = 0.034) were correlated with prothrombin time, and the levels of CD41A+-MV (r 0.220; <em>P</em> = 0.047) and CD81+-MV (r 0.332; <em>P</em> = 0.002) were correlated with serum lactate. Increased levels of MVs expressing CD162 (OR = 2.34; 95% CI 1.23 – 4.47; <em>P</em> = 0.01) and CD31 (OR = 2.00; 95% CI 1.01 – 3.99; <em>P</em> = 0.05) in the reperfusion phase were associated with an increased risk of death. Increased levels of CD162+-MV were also associated with the risk of infection during hospitalization (OR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.06 - 2.39; <em>P</em> = 0.03). Our results suggest that MV expressing platelet-endothelium and leukocyte-platelet adhesion antigens are released after ischemia‒reperfusion injury and are associated with the risk of infectious complications and death during OLT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49883902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival outcomes in adult recipients using pediatric deceased donor liver grafts. A PSM analysis from the OPTN/UNOS liver transplant registry","authors":"Paola A. Vargas ,&nbsp;Mohamad El Moheb ,&nbsp;Zachary Henry ,&nbsp;Nicolas Intagliata ,&nbsp;Feng Su ,&nbsp;Matthew Sttots ,&nbsp;Curtis Argo ,&nbsp;Shawn Pelletier ,&nbsp;Jose Oberholzer ,&nbsp;Nicolas Goldaracena","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2022.100135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2022.100135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The use of pediatric donor grafts in adult recipients is a viable option to help address persistent organ shortages. Existing data is inconclusive regarding outcomes of pediatric-to-adult liver transplantation.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Using the UNOS-STAR database, adults receiving a whole liver graft in the US between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively identified. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether they received a graft from a pediatric-donor (≤12y) or an adult-donor (≥18y). The groups were further matched using propensity-score matching (PSM) in a 1:1 ratio. Liver grafts disposition trends from pediatric donors ≤12y, as well as usage patterns of these grafts for adult recipients across UNOS regions were analyzed. The primary outcomes of this study were graft and patient survival. Secondary outcomes included LOS and need for re-transplantation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 4,798 deceased donors ≤12 years during the study period. Of those, 3476 liver grafts were recovered for transplant, 203/3,476 were discarded and 3,273/3,476 transplanted. Twenty percent of those recipients were adults ≥18y. PSM created a cohort of 642 patients, (pediatric-donor group <em>n</em> = 321, adult-donor group <em>n</em> = 321). Survival analyses revealed no difference in graft survival (<em>p</em> = 0.64) or overall patient survival (<em>p</em> = 0.74) between pediatric-donor and adult-donor groups. Likewise, secondary outcomes were comparable between groups. Although not statistically significant, adults in the pediatric-donor group showed a trend toward higher rates of re-transplantation (4.4%) vs those in the adult-donor group (1.9%) (<em>p</em> = 0.07). A subgroup PSM analysis including only recipients with MELD score &gt;18 further demonstrated comparable results including similar LOS, re-transplantation rates, graft failure (log-rank p-value = 0.57) and patient mortality (log rank p-value = 0.38).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Pediatric-to-adult liver transplantation could represent a safe and effective option in the event that a pediatric graft is available and declined by all potential pediatric recipients, particularly if performed under careful patient selection, and in centers with pediatric liver transplant and/or LDLT. Our results are in favor of utilizing pediatric-donor livers in adult patients since there is no significant difference in mortality or graft survival and could potentially increase organ utilization by avoiding discard of these grafts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49883940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's in a name? Higher risks with donation after cardiac death than public health service increased risk livers","authors":"Danielle M. Tholey ,&nbsp;Sarah Lopatin ,&nbsp;Nitzan Roth ,&nbsp;Gene Y Im","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2022.100133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2022.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Background:</em> Public health service increased risk donor(IRD) and donation after cardiac death (DCD) livers are utilized to address the organ shortage in liver transplantation, particularly during the opioid epidemic. “Increased risk donor” terminology implies greater risk than DCD by its name, but without direct risk comparison.</p><p><em>Objective:</em> The aim of this study was to examine the risks of accepting IRD livers compared to DCD livers during the opioid epidemic.</p><p><em>Methods:</em> Retrospective, single center study of 92 recipients of IRD donors and 21 DCD donors(22% and 5% of adult transplants) between 1/2013-5/2017. Median post transplant follow-up was 2.6 years. The primary outcome was the composite of post-transplant risks likely to be greatest in IRD donor and DCD livers, namely, donor viral transmission (HBV, HCV, HIV) and ischemic cholangiopathy. Secondary outcomes were patient and graft survival, biopsy-proven rejection, CMV and EBV viremia. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi square and continuous variables Kruskal-Wallis techniques. Propensity score matched sensitivity analysis was conducted using logistic regression. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used for survival analyses.</p><p><em>Results:</em> Ischemic cholangiopathy and graft failure leading to retransplantation occurred in 40% and 14% of DCD recipients but did not occur among IRD recipients(p&lt;0.0001). There were no occurrences of HBV, HCV, HIV transmission. Survival was similar between DCD and IRD groups(90% vs 84% respectively, p=0.23).</p><p><em>Conclusion</em> Despite its name, increased risk donors are less risky than DCD livers given lower rates of ischemic cholangiopathy and retransplantation, supporting the recent decision to rename this group of donors to encourage utilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49883942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulitis as the first manifestation of disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with HCV-related cirrhosis: A case report","authors":"G. Englebert ,&nbsp;T. Serste ,&nbsp;L. Otero Sanchez ,&nbsp;N.M. lam ,&nbsp;A.L. Trepant ,&nbsp;T. Gustot ,&nbsp;C. Moreno","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2022.100136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2022.100136","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49883900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota might influence the risk of rejection after liver transplantation","authors":"Umid Ravshanovich Salimov ,&nbsp;Stoma Igor Olegovich ,&nbsp;Kovalev Aliaksei Aliakseevich ,&nbsp;Hubanova Tatiana Nikolaevna ,&nbsp;Fedoruk Aliaksei Mikhailovich ,&nbsp;Shcherba Aliaksei Eugenievich ,&nbsp;Oleg Olegovich Rummo","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2023.100140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2023.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Liver transplantation is the only radical treatment option available for patients with end-stage chronic liver disease. However, severe post-transplant complications remain relevant, including acute graft rejection and infection. Thus, the impact of gut microbiota on the frequency of these complications is highly promising.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>This prospective, cohort, closed-label study included 24 adults who underwent liver transplantation. The mean age was 49.2 ± 13.4 years; Child-Turcotte-Pugh A, B, and C classes were distributed as follows: A: 8 (33.3%); B: 11 (45.8%); C: 5 (20.8%). Gut microbiota was evaluated using 16S RNA new-generation sequencing.</p></div><div><h3>Study registration</h3><p>NCT04281797.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>According to etiological distribution, significant differences were observed in the number of <em>Firmicutes</em> (<em>p</em> = 0.03) and <em>Chlorobi</em> (<em>p</em> = 0.009) harbored by the patients of alcoholic liver disease. Similarly, the severity of hepatic decompensation varied significantly for patients harboring <em>Chlorobi</em> (<em>p</em> = 0.01) and <em>coprothermobacterota</em> (<em>p</em> = 0.03). The association between sarcopenia and the microbiota was not significant among all taxa (<em>p</em>&gt;0.1). Acute graft rejection differences between groups were found: <em>Protobacteria</em> (<em>p</em> = 0.001); <em>Chlamydiae</em> (<em>p</em> = 0.02); <em>Gammaproteobacteria</em> (<em>p</em> = 0.01); <em>Chloroflexia</em> (<em>p</em> = 0.004); <em>Chlamydiia</em> (<em>p</em> = 0.01); <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> (<em>p</em> = 0.001); and <em>Candidatus Saccharibacteria</em> (<em>p</em> = 0.04), the median of which was found to be lower in patients with an acute graft rejection episode.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Obtained results prove a reliable interaction between gut microbiota and the incidence of acute liver graft rejection in dominant taxa and <em>Candidatus Saccharibacteria</em> that had not yet been observed in patients with rejection episodes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49883901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronary artery revascularization before liver transplant –Is it putting the cart before the horse?","authors":"Shweta A. Singh,&nbsp;Hetal Pampaniya,&nbsp;Vivek Yadav,&nbsp;Subhash Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2022.100130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2022.100130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266696762200054X/pdfft?md5=f80c3df853f8e84130643eb893de340d&pid=1-s2.0-S266696762200054X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72111046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong influence of donor and recipient CYP3A5 genotype on tacrolimus disposition leading to difficult dose adjustment in a pediatric liver transplantation","authors":"Juliette Kauv ,&nbsp;Nolwenn Laborde ,&nbsp;Oanez Ackermann ,&nbsp;Céline Verstuyft ,&nbsp;Valérie Furlan","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2022.100132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2022.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tacrolimus is the cornerstone in pediatric liver transplant immunosuppression. Despite close monitoring, fluctuations in tacrolimus blood levels affect the safety and efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs. Among several factors, the impact of the cytochrome <em>CYP3A5</em> genotype on tacrolimus concentrations after transplantation is important. We report herein a case of a pediatric recipient of a living-donor liver transplant. After transplantation, a 4.7-fold increase in tacrolimus dosage and a 4.2-fold increase in tacrolimus clearance were observed and associated with a 9-day delay to attain levels within the therapeutic range. Recipient and donor DNA was genotyped and both were observed to be carriers of the <em>CYP3A5*1*1</em> genotype (CYP3A5 expressor). In this patient, the contribution of the <em>CYP3A5</em> genotype is crucial and influenced tacrolimus disposition, the adjustment of the tacrolimus dose, and the time to reach the therapeutic range in the early stages after transplantation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666967622000563/pdfft?md5=81f1c3a2c679f023daf3c66394e1be3c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666967622000563-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72111043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ascites post-living donor liver transplantation: Risk factors and outcome","authors":"Hend E. Ebada ,&nbsp;Mohammad F. Montasser ,&nbsp;Mohammad F. Abdelghaffar ,&nbsp;Mohamad M. Bahaa ,&nbsp;Hany said Abd Elbaset ,&nbsp;Mohammad A. Sakr ,&nbsp;Hany M Dabbous ,&nbsp;Iman F. Montasser ,&nbsp;Mohammed S. Hassan ,&nbsp;Mohamed E. Aboelmaaty ,&nbsp;Mahmoud S. Elmeteini","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2022.100112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2022.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><p>Persistent ascites post-liver transplantation is reported to be a rare event. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, etiology and outcome of ascites post-living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a retrospective observational study on 347 recipients who underwent LDLT at our center from 2008 to 2018. We classify the ascites post-LDLT into either persistent (PA): present &gt; four weeks post LT, or refractory (RA): new-onset ascites after the first-month post LT.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of ascites post LDLT was 8.4% (<em>n</em> = 29), including PA, 4.9%, and RA, 3.45%. Idiopathic ascites (no specific cause) was the most common in the PA group, while vascular complications and graft failure were more common in the RA group. On regression analysis model, the presence of pre-LT PVT, small for size syndrome (SFSS) and vascular complications were the independent risk factors of PA (p value=0.017, 0.026, 0.011, respectively and Odds ratio (95% CI) = 4.25(1.290–13.97), 4.01(1.177–13.63) and 7.4(1.596–34.46), respectively. Pre-LT-HCV-related chronic liver disease, significant portal hypertension, donor overweight and vascular complications were the risk factors for the development of RA (p value= 0.04, 0.001, 0.031, &lt;0.001, respectively and Odds ratio (95% CI) = 18.99 (1.1–315.14), 46.67 (4.51–483.08), 4.72 (1.15–19.31) &amp; 67.23(6.38–708.72) respectively. Three- and five-year survival are not significantly reduced in patients who developed ascites post LDLT.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Ascites post-LDLT does not affect the 3- and 5-year survival rates. Idiopathic ascites pos-LDLT is common and has a good prognosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266696762200037X/pdfft?md5=e771ae01fa6d8d6b6e6efb1eb76cd17a&pid=1-s2.0-S266696762200037X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72111040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RETRACTED: Evaluation of procalcitonin (PCT) as a marker of infection in early post living donated liver transplant period","authors":"Eman Ibrahim El-Desoki Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Mohammad A. Algendy ,&nbsp;Adel M. Al-Ansary ,&nbsp;Maissa K. Noaman","doi":"10.1016/j.liver.2021.100053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.liver.2021.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (<span>https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal</span><svg><path></path></svg>).</p><p>This article has been retracted at the request of the authors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100799,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Liver Transplantation","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666967621000520/pdfft?md5=dbace268b6becd655e355523e1b24e17&pid=1-s2.0-S2666967621000520-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72111045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}