{"title":"Art and the artificial","authors":"Suk Kyoung Choi , Steve DiPaola , Liane Gabora","doi":"10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores the philosophical implications of machine learning text-to-image synthesis in a practice-based phenomenology of the computational poetics of a visual art process. It is hypothesized that artificial intelligence (AI) facilitated reflective image development fosters an anticipatory esthetics in creative interactivity. The concept of AI-mediated “perspectival affordance” is introduced and its application to affective computing design emphasized. It is proposed that positioning intelligent systems as collaborative creativity tools promotes a dynamic interplay that envisions creativity as an anticipatory system, conceived of as those systems where exchange between artist and tool is mediated by future-oriented affective projection upon the system. The paper aims to establish a cognitive framework for AI-mediated creativity grounded in anticipatory interactivity, enhancing understanding of embodied cognition as mediated by AI in human-centered creativity support systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Creativity","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2713374523000286/pdfft?md5=1dc6b52fc6c01f45170b47386695b4b7&pid=1-s2.0-S2713374523000286-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135615070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beethoven's Ninth and AI's Tenth: A comparison of human and computational creativity","authors":"Anthony K. Brandt","doi":"10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Composer Ludwig van Beethoven died in 1827, leaving behind several dozen sketches for his Tenth Symphony. In 2021, a team of computer scientists and musicians trained an artificial neural network to create a realization of the third and fourth movements. Comparing Beethoven's Ninth Symphony to the algorithmic Tenth reveals differences between human and computational creativity. In its speed and fecundity, the AI model captures some of the features of <em>spontaneous</em> human creativity. However, it is less equipped for <em>deliberate</em> creativity, which requires non-linear thinking, context-driven decision-making, elaborating unusual choices, and the capacity to revise. Implications for cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and education are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Creativity","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2713374523000274/pdfft?md5=a17ee7bd53137e733b284dda7ad6fab3&pid=1-s2.0-S2713374523000274-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92100478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial muses: Generative artificial intelligence chatbots have risen to human-level creativity","authors":"Jennifer Haase , Paul H.P. Hanel","doi":"10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A widespread view is that Artificial Intelligence cannot be creative. We tested this assumption by comparing human-generated ideas with those generated by six Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) chatbots: alpa.ai, Copy.ai, ChatGPT (versions 3 and 4), Studio.ai, and YouChat. Humans and a specifically trained AI independently assessed the quality and quantity of ideas. We found no qualitative difference between AI and human-generated creativity, although there are differences in how ideas are generated. Interestingly, 9.4 % of humans were more creative than the most creative GAI, GPT-4. Our findings suggest that GAIs are valuable assistants in the creative process. Continued research and development of GAI in creative tasks is crucial to fully understand this technology's potential benefits and drawbacks in shaping the future of creativity. Finally, we discuss the question of whether GAIs are capable of being “truly” creative.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Creativity","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49865407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI can only produce artificial creativity","authors":"Mark A. Runco","doi":"10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article (a) draws from various theories of creativity (e.g., 4P and 6P theories) and (b) uses several concepts from the creativity literature (e.g., self-actualization, emergence) to evaluate the claim that AI can be creative. This approach suggests that, at most, the output of AI represents products which, although lacking, may be attributed with creativity. Such attributions are often mistaken, and, significantly, products say little about the underlying process. Indeed, criticisms previously leveled at the view that the social recognition of products is required of creativity also apply to AI output. Several examples of products and overt actions that have been mistakenly attributed with creativity are discussed. The most telling of these is the ostensible <em>emergence</em> by a machine. The conclusion is that it makes no sense to refer to “creative AI.” One alternative is to extend the concept of “artificial intelligence” to creativity, which gives us “artificial creativity” as the label for what computers can do. Artificial creativity may be original and effective but it lacks several things that characterize human creativity. Thus it may be the most accurate to recognize that the output of AI as a kind of <em>pseudo-creativity</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Creativity","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49865405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The originality of machines: AI takes the Torrance Test","authors":"Erik E. Guzik , Christian Byrge , Christian Gilde","doi":"10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This exploratory research investigated the creative abilities of OpenAI's large language model, ChatGPT, based on the GPT-4 architecture, as assessed by the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. In comparison to human samples and a national percentile from Scholastic Testing Services, ChatGPT's performance was analyzed for fluency, flexibility, and originality. Results indicated that ChatGPT scored within the top 1% for originality and fluency, and showed high scores for flexibility, thus highlighting the current creative abilities of AI and the potential of AI systems to support and augment human creativity in new and meaningful ways. The study encourages additional research to further define, measure, and develop creativity in the era of advanced AI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Creativity","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49865403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum regarding missing Declaration of Competing Interest statements in previously published articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Creativity","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2713374523000237/pdfft?md5=a63d28e01ea3daf8f93a8d484cc921ea&pid=1-s2.0-S2713374523000237-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What kind of questions do creative people ask?","authors":"Selcuk Acar, Kelly Berthiaume, Rebecca Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Asking questions is a key characteristic of creativity and an important component of the creative process. Although much evidence has supported the association between asking questions and creativity, less research has examined <em>the nature of questions</em> asked by creative persons. In this study, we investigated the relation between creativity indicators—fluency and originality—and three types of questions: Open- vs. Closed-Ended questions, Possibility thinking, and Temporal thinking. To examine these relationships, we conducted four sets of analyses using questions posed by a sample of undergraduate students (<em>n</em> = 165) in two divergent thinking tasks (i.e., Activity 1 – Asking Questions and Activity 6 – Unusual Questions) from two different forms (i.e., Form A and Form B) of an earlier version of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking—Verbal. Results indicated that participants with higher originality and fluency scores were more likely to ask Open-Ended Questions. Additionally, creativity indicators were significantly associated with Possibility Thinking Questions in Activity 6, and Temporal Thinking Questions in Form A – Activity 1. We discussed the implications of the findings and potential reasons for varied results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Creativity","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49865404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angus Fletcher , Patricia Enciso , Mike Benveniste
{"title":"Narrative creativity training: A new method for increasing resilience in elementary students","authors":"Angus Fletcher , Patricia Enciso , Mike Benveniste","doi":"10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Narrative creativity training has recently shown promise as a tool for increasing self-efficacy and resilience in adult learners. The training employs dramatic and literary techniques such as perspective-shifting, counterfactual (i.e., <em>what-if</em>) thinking, and causal (i.e., <em>why</em>) thinking to improve real-world problem solving. To explore whether narrative creativity training could have similar benefits for younger populations, this study piloted a test on elementary students. A five-minute randomized controlled trial conducted with 32 third, fourth, and fifth grade students yielded increased self-efficacy and creative problem-solving, and a five-day longitudinal trial conducted with 28 students from the same population was associated with increased resilience. The results suggest the potential practical benefits of incorporating theater, literature, comics, and other story-based art into elementary school curricula.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Creativity","volume":"33 3","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49865406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Navigating the creative wilderness: A depth psychological perspective","authors":"Melinda Rothouse","doi":"10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Contemporary creativity research has made great strides in understanding and quantifying many elements of the creative process, but has focused less on the existential, lived experience of navigating creative barriers. Taking a Jungian, depth-psychological approach, this article considers creativity as a proverbial journey through the wilderness, examining how creatives find their way when they get stuck, experience blocks, lose inspiration, or contemplate giving up. Finding one's way through such barriers can be one of the most challenging aspects of the creative process, and yet is a vital element of the journey. Understanding how to navigate these obstacles with agility can lead to greater creative engagement and efficacy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Creativity","volume":"33 2","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50191328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Video games and creativity: The mediating role of psychological capital","authors":"Maxence Mercier, Todd Lubart","doi":"10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Video games play a big part in many individuals’ lives, children and adults alike. A large body of research has investigated both the potential negative and positive effects of video games. This paper examines whether playing video games is positively related to creativity, with a focus on adults' creativity in the workplace. Furthermore, it was posited that this link could be explained through the mediating effect of Psychological Capital (PsyCap). Using a cross-sectional design (N = 370), the results show a full mediation of the link between the frequency of playing video games and creativity, through optimism: playing video games is positively associated with higher optimism, which in turn is associated with more creativity in the workplace.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100769,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Creativity","volume":"33 2","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50191330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}