Muhammed Ashiq Villanthenkodath , Mohd Arshad Ansari , Mantu Kumar Mahalik , Hooi Hooi Lean
{"title":"External finance for climate change mitigation: Assessing the impact of energy aid and total aid inflows on the ecological footprint","authors":"Muhammed Ashiq Villanthenkodath , Mohd Arshad Ansari , Mantu Kumar Mahalik , Hooi Hooi Lean","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the role of energy aid and total aid inflows in the ecological footprint of BRICS countries while controlling the economic growth, energy consumption, remittance inflows, and foreign direct investment inflows for the period spanning from 1992 to 2016. The empirical outcome of this work shows the long-run relationship for the selected variables. We find that overseas energy aid, total aid, and foreign direct investment inflows reduce ecological footprint while economic growth, remittance inflows, and energy consumption fuel it. These findings are robust across the alternative panel techniques used. However, the results imply that the energy aid, total aid, and investment capital coming from other countries and international agencies to BRICS countries are enhancing green energy plans rather than profiteering. This may be one of the reasons for the reduction of the ecological footprint in BRICS countries. Therefore, this study further suggests an effective climate mitigation policy for ensuring a life-sustaining green environment if the governments of BRICS countries can stimulate greater inflows of overseas energy aid, total aid, and foreign direct investment towards making the investment in green energy plans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294972802300024X/pdfft?md5=627245f6f6f8168e5c048a485bd0002d&pid=1-s2.0-S294972802300024X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92047443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finance “Blending” and NDC achievement under the Paris agreement","authors":"Jon Strand","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate finance, funded by governments of high-income (H) countries, can be used to purchase assets in the international carbon market for offset trading, thus “blending” with such transactions. In this paper it is shows analytically that when there are no distortions in credit markets, finance blending leads to too little greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation in H countries, and too much in L countries. The offset market is then distorted by climate finance blending, given that all offset credits are attributed to the carbon market participants. This distortion is removed when such “blended” climate finance resources are instead attributed in proportion to their finance shares. Adding climate finance to the carbon market has no impact on global GHG mitigation as long as the trading countries’ targets for emissions reductions (their “climate ambition”) is not changed; higher ambition levels are thus always required for climate finance to contribute to a reduction in global GHG emissions. When L country market participants have limited access to credit markets, blending can increase global greenhouse-gas mitigation by adding climate finance resources to the carbon market, thus facilitating L country market participants’ access to funding of their planned mitigation projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949728023000202/pdfft?md5=4e74e97e148e8cdd5ec4f7bf2958bd52&pid=1-s2.0-S2949728023000202-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92047441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Portfolio allocation and optimization with carbon offsets: Is it worth the while?","authors":"Carsten Mueller , Papa Orgen , Patrick Behr","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We explore whether the integration of carbon offsets into investment portfolios improves performance. Using compliance and voluntary carbon offsets from around the world, our results show that investment strategies that include such offsets broadly achieve higher Sharpe Ratios than the diversified benchmark, with the long-short strategy performing best. We find that compliance and voluntary carbon offsets are mostly net volatility and return spillover recipients, consistent from a macro-perspective. These results, which are documented for the first time in the literature provide new empirical evidence on integrating carbon offsets into portfolios and may attract new financial and retail investors to carbon markets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49890642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corporate environmental performance and efficiency: Evidence from stochastic frontier analysis","authors":"Paulo Pereira da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study provides novel insights into the relationship between corporate environmental performance (CEP) and corporate economic performance as measured by technical efficiency. Using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) methodology, we find a positive link between CEP and technical efficiency for a sample of U.S. listed firms (from industries that typically raise environmental concerns) in the period 2005–2019. This association is stable over time. Additional tests suggest that such association is non-linear (convex), with high-rated firms presenting disproportionally stronger gains in terms of technical efficiency relative to others. In a different vein, we also show that the strength of the association varies across business sectors, a firm’s size and (historical average) profit margin. The impact of CEP is akin to the ability of firms to cut emissions and/or curb resource use and waste. Surprisingly, environmental product innovation appears to produce negligible effects on technical efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49890646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identifying factors affecting the preference for green bonds: A Japanese case study","authors":"Kentaka Aruga, Timothy Bolt","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>International green bond (GB) guidelines and previous studies suggest that credit rating, issuer type, certification, reporting, and use of proceeds are important factors to be considered when issuing GBs. However, little is known about whether these elements are also recognized as key determinants of GBs by investors. By conducting a discrete choice experiment, this study demonstrated that these factors increase investors' preference for GBs, although they remained indifferent to the type of green project to be funded through GBs. The study also investigated how measures of investors’ social responsibility affect the preference for GBs and found that investors with higher altruism and levels of environmental awareness demonstrated a higher willingness to invest in GBs. The results indicate that the issuance of GBs should be aligned with international GB guidelines and underline the importance of providing information on how GBs can contribute to reducing environmental impacts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49890644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Climate policy uncertainty and idiosyncratic volatility: Evidence from the non-financial listed hinese firms","authors":"Xiaohang Ren , Haoyue Yan , Giray Gozgor","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the impact of climate policy uncertainty on idiosyncratic volatility using panel data from 2555 Chinese non-financial listed firms spanning from 2009 to 2019. The study reveals that climate policy uncertainty increases idiosyncratic volatility among firms, particularly affecting state-owned enterprises, companies with high equity concentration, and companies with smaller market capitalization. Furthermore, the paper identifies varying moderating effects based on the disclosure of environmental information, sustainable growth rate, capital intensity, and risk-free interest rate. These findings remain robust through several rigorous tests. The paper contributes a deeper understanding of the relationship between climate change-related policy uncertainty and corporate idiosyncratic volatility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949728023000226/pdfft?md5=d049df44eb629a77001accdaa74e1f07&pid=1-s2.0-S2949728023000226-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92047442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A learning by doing multiplier accelerates the transition to photovoltaic cells","authors":"Anita C. Tendler, Robert K. Kaufmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Abating emissions of carbon dioxide depends in part on how quickly the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) from photovoltaic cells (PV) achieves grid parity without policy interventions. Reaching this threshold is accelerated by learning by doing, which reduces the LCOE generated by PV. The resultant cost reduction generates a positive feedback loop and increases the demand for PV; but previous analyses ignore this feedback and therefore overlook a critical learning by doing multiplier effect, in which increasing the cumulative production of PV modules lowers their price, and lower PV module prices increase purchases of PV modules, which increases cumulative production of PV modules, and so on. We quantify the learning by doing multiplier effect with a cointegrating vector autoregression (CVAR) model that captures the simultaneous relation between the price for and cumulative production of PV modules. The learning by doing multiplier effect amplifies the static effects of learning by nearly a factor of ten and eliminates the simultaneous equation bias in previous estimates of unidirectional learning curves. This multiplier effect enhances the ability of policies, such as a carbon tax, to lower the costs of PV, increase cumulative production, and lower carbon emissions. Together, these results suggest that grid parity is closer than indicated by unidirectional learning curves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49882313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"REIT capital structure strategy in the aftermath of hurricanes","authors":"Hana Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies the causal impacts of hurricanes on capital structure. The sample covers 181 US public equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) throughout 2011–2018, during which 8 catastrophic hurricanes made landfalls in the contiguous US. This study finds that a basis point (0.01%) increment in REIT sudden exposure to hurricanes leads to a negative liquidity shock of 15.3% in corporate cash. Such shock is immediately followed by a 26.4% increase in leverage, measured as total debt over total assets. The effects are temporary, lasting only one quarter during the shock. REIT reactions to hurricanes are consistent with the pecking order theory of capital structure. Overall, hurricane ramifications to REIT capital structure strategy can be as impactful as any distress event that alters corporate liquidity and ability to maintain its daily operation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49882314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Climate change opportunity and corporate investment: Global evidence","authors":"Rufei Ma, Ruicai Yuan, Xinxin Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the impact of climate change opportunity on corporate investment using firm-level data from 34 countries between 2001 and 2021. There is strong evidence suggesting that firms exposed to climate change opportunities are significantly encouraged to increase investment, and the effect varies considerably across industries. We also find that the effect is more pronounced in countries with higher level of financial development and for companies that are financially unconstrained. Furthermore, the results suggest that companies finance their new investment by issuing long-term debt and carrying internal funds in response to climate change-related opportunities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49883976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Climate risk and future stock price crash: Evidence from U.S. firms","authors":"Xiaoyu Dong, Lewis Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclimf.2023.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the impact of climate risks on stock prices and explores the measures that corporate managers may take to stabilize their company's stock price in response to unexpected climate risks. We analyze a sample of U.S. firms from 1996 to 2022 and find that firms located in disaster-prone counties are associated with a higher risk of stock market crashes. The results indicate that firms exposed to climate risks are more likely to experience unexpected earnings and breaks in earnings strings. While earnings management can sometimes provide short-term benefits, it can also lead to long-term risks and negative consequences on stock price crashes. Moreover, mature firms and firms with higher CEO pay-performance sensitivity are more susceptible to stock market crashes. The findings suggest that climate risk can induce short-term thinking among managers, affecting market valuation. By shedding light on the complex relationship between climate risks and financial risks, this study can inform responsible investment strategies and corporate governance policies that promote transparency, accountability, and long-term value creation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49883975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}