Cephalalgia最新文献

{"title":"A response: Internal jugular vein valve incompetence: A key consideration in patients with exercise-induced headache.","authors":"Jorge Madera, Vicente González-Quintanilla, Julio Pascual","doi":"10.1177/03331024241297814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024241297814","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10075,"journal":{"name":"Cephalalgia","volume":"44 11","pages":"3331024241297814"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of eptinezumab in non-responders to subcutaneous monoclonal antibodies against CGRP and the CGRP receptor: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Paul Triller, Virginia N Blessing, Lucas H Overeem, Mira P Fitzek, Ja Bin Hong, Kristin S Lange, Uwe Reuter, Bianca Raffaelli","doi":"10.1177/03331024241288875","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03331024241288875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migraine patients unresponsive to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)(-receptor, -R) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may benefit from switching between CGRP(-R) mAbs. However, some patients do not tolerate or respond to any subcutaneous mAbs. This study evaluates the efficacy of the intravenous CGRP mAb eptinezumab in these therapy-refractory patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, patients with migraine who previously failed erenumab and at least one CGRP mAb (fremanezumab and/or galcanezumab) received eptinezumab 100 mg, followed by a second dose of 100 mg or 300 mg after 12 weeks. Monthly headache days, monthly migraine days, acute medication days, and migraine pain intensity were recorded from standardized headache diaries during the four weeks before the first infusion (baseline), and during weeks 9-12 and 21-24 of treatment. Patient-reported outcomes were analyzed at baseline, weeks 12, and 24.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From January 2023 to February 2024, 41 patients received eptinezumab 100 mg. Of these, 38 (93%) received a second infusion after 12 weeks, with 29 (71%) increasing the dose to 300 mg. The percentage of patients with a ≥30% reduction rate in monthly migraine days was 23.1% at week 12 and 29.7% at week 24. Monthly migraine days decreased from 16.3 ± 8.0 at baseline to 15.4 ± 8.1 days during weeks 9-12 and 14.4 ± 8.0 days during weeks 21-24 (<i>p</i> = 0.07). During weeks 21-24, 38.5% reported a clinically meaningful reduction in HIT-6 scores and 52.4% in MIDAS scores. No adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Eptinezumab may be an effective and well-tolerated option for some treatment-refractory migraine patients unresponsive to subcutaneous CGRP-(R) mAbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10075,"journal":{"name":"Cephalalgia","volume":"44 10","pages":"3331024241288875"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Headache burden among schoolchildren in Sub-Saharan Africa on the map for targeted solutions.","authors":"Mario Fernando Prieto Peres, Aynur Özge, Rami Burstein","doi":"10.1177/03331024241288530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024241288530","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10075,"journal":{"name":"Cephalalgia","volume":"44 10","pages":"3331024241288530"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trigeminal neuralgia and risk of cancer: A population-based cohort study.","authors":"Malene Risager Lykke, Holly C Elser, Cecilia Hvitfeldt Fuglsang, Dóra Körmendiné Farkas, Henrik Toft Sørensen","doi":"10.1177/03331024241292637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024241292637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence of an association between trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and subsequent cancer risk remains sparse. The present study aimed to examine the association between TN and cancer risk in the Danish population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide population-based cohort study using hospital diagnoses collected routinely and prospectively from Danish population-based registries in 1994-2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 7846 individuals with a first-time diagnosis of TN. Within one year of diagnosis, we observed 193 cancer cases (standardized incidence rate (SIR) = 2.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.11-2.82). Absolute risk (AR) for all cancers within one year of TN diagnosis was 2.5% (95% CI = 2.2-2.9). Cancers of the head, neck and nervous system were most strongly associated with TN (AR 0.9% (95% CI = 0.7-1.1); SIR = 13.5 (95% CI = 10.5-17.0)) and the risk was persistently elevated one year after TN diagnosis. We observed 827 cancer diagnoses beyond one year after TN diagnosis, where smoking related cancers were associated with elevated cancer risk (SIR 1.13 = (95% CI = 0.98-1.29)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TN was associated with an elevated risk of cancers of the head, neck and nervous system including site-specific cancers in the area. Our results suggest the potential importance of smoking related tumors in TN, either as a symptom, cause or shared risk factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":10075,"journal":{"name":"Cephalalgia","volume":"44 10","pages":"3331024241292637"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migraine and work - beyond absenteeism: Migraine severity and occupational burnout - A cohort study.","authors":"Ido Peles, Shaked Sharvit, Yair Zlotnik, Michal Gordon, Victor Novack, Ronit Waismel-Manor, Gal Ifergane","doi":"10.1177/03331024241289930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024241289930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migraine, a condition affecting 12% of the population, is a prevalent cause of disability, significantly impacts individuals during their most productive working years. Several studies have established that a migraine patient's job performance is often limited by absenteeism and presenteeism. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of migraines on occupational burnout, which affects up to 40% of workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A subset of participants from the Negev Migraine Cohort, including both migraine patients and non-migraine controls, were asked to complete the study questionnaire. The main exposures of interest were migraine diagnosis and severity. The primary outcome was occupational burnout. Migraine severity and associated disability were evaluated using the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) score, psychiatric comorbidities using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21) scale and occupational burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS version) scale. Statistical analyses included multivariable quantile regression models to identify associations and adjust for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 675 migraine patients and 232 non-migraine participants participated in the study. Migraine patients exhibited higher rates of depression (mean DASS-21: 0.864 vs. 0.664, standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.262), tended to work longer hours (median weekly hours: 40.0 vs. 36.0, SMD = 0.148) and expressed a preference for remote work (20.3% vs. 10.3%, SMD = 0.097). Migraine patients reported significantly higher levels of occupational burnout (mean burnout score: 3.46 vs. 2.82, SMD = 0.469). Controlling for depression, anxiety and stress, migraine diagnosis (25th percentile estimate = 0.67, <i>p</i> = 0.002, 75th percentile estimate = 0.92, <i>p</i> = 0.032) and migraine severity (estimates: 2.2-5.3, <i>p</i> < 0.001 for all) were associated with higher levels of occupational burnout.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Migraine diagnosis and severity is associated with an occupational burnout, after controlling for various psychological and work-related factors. The findings underscore the need for workplace adjustments to support migraine patients' participation in the work market.</p>","PeriodicalId":10075,"journal":{"name":"Cephalalgia","volume":"44 10","pages":"3331024241289930"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Headache trajectories in children and adolescents with new onset continuous headache.","authors":"Christina L Szperka, Morgan Evans, Carlyn Patterson Gentile, Pratishtha Panigrahi, Nichelle R Raj, Blanca Marquez de Prado, Andrew D Hershey, Amy A Gelfand","doi":"10.1177/03331024241282803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024241282803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a challenging and understudied primary headache disorder with no known effective treatment. Although the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria require that the new onset continuous headache be present for at least three months before diagnosing NDPH, the biologic basis for when a new, continuous headache starts to behave as NDPH is unknown, and some pediatric headache experts consider that the minimum duration criterion could be shorter.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, we reviewed the intake questionnaires and medical records of 5-17 year-olds seen in neurology clinic for headache at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Those with a new onset continuous headache of at least one month in duration were eligible. The patient's self-report and clinician's description both had to indicate that the headache was new, of abrupt onset, and continuous to be included, although patients were allowed to have a prior history of infrequent headaches. We compared headache outcomes at last follow-up and at one year after continuous headache onset between those who had a continuous headache duration of 1 to <3 months (\"new onset headache\", or NOH) at first visit vs. those with ≥3 months (NDPH). We used multivariate regression modeling to examine for predictors of headache outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 472 patient records reviewed, 172 met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Of these, 84 had a headache duration of 1 to <3 months in duration and 88 had a duration of ≥3 months. Those with shorter duration continuous headache were younger (median (interquartile range) 13.5 (11.1-15.7) vs. 15.1 (12.3-16.5) years, and less likely to have previously received a prescription preventive for the continuous headache (n = 14 (17%) vs. 26 (30%), p = 0.046), but were otherwise similar to those with NDPH in terms of baseline clinical and demographic variables. Sixty-five (74%) of those with NDPH and 60 (71%) with NOH had follow-up data. At last clinic follow-up, 41/65 (63%) with NDPH and 43/60 (72%) with NOH had experienced any headache benefit (<i>p</i> = 0.307), although 39/65 (60%) with NDPH and 29/60 (48%) with NOH still had continuous headache (<i>p</i> = 0.191). Headache duration was not associated with outcomes in multivariate regression modeling.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Headache outcomes of children and adolescents with new onset continuous headache, whether of 1 to <3 months (NOH) or ≥3 months in duration (NDPH) are suboptimal. More research is needed to improve treatment outcomes for this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":10075,"journal":{"name":"Cephalalgia","volume":"44 10","pages":"3331024241282803"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights from triggers and prodromal symptoms on how migraine attacks start: The threshold hypothesis.","authors":"Gabriele Sebastianelli, Arife Çimen Atalar, Ilaria Cetta, Fatemeh Farham, Mira Fitzek, Hulya Karatas-Kursun, Marharyta Kholodova, Kadri-Hebo Kukumägi, Danilo Antonio Montisano, Dilara Onan, Aleksandar Pantovic, Jeva Skarlet, Dmytro Sotnikov, Edoardo Caronna, Patricia Pozo-Rosich","doi":"10.1177/03331024241287224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024241287224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prodrome or premonitory phase is the initial phase of a migraine attack, and it is considered as a symptomatic phase in which prodromal symptoms may occur. There is evidence that attacks start 24-48 hours before the headache phase. Individuals with migraine also report several potential triggers for their attacks, which may be mistaken for premonitory symptoms and hinder migraine research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review aims to summarize published studies that describe contributions to understanding the fine difference between prodromal/premonitory symptoms and triggers, give insights for research, and propose a way forward to study these phenomena. We finally aim to formulate a theory to unify migraine triggers and prodromal symptoms. For this purpose, a comprehensive narrative review of the published literature on clinical, neurophysiological and imaging evidence on migraine prodromal symptoms and triggers was conducted using the PubMed database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Brain activity and network connectivity changes occur during the prodromal phase. These changes give rise to prodromal/premonitory symptoms in some individuals, which may be falsely interpreted as triggers at the same time as representing the early manifestation of the beginning of the attack. By contrast, certain migraine triggers, such as stress, hormone changes or sleep deprivation, acting as a catalyst in reducing the migraine threshold, might facilitate these changes and increase the chances of a migraine attack. Migraine triggers and prodromal/premonitory symptoms can be confused and have an intertwined relationship with the hypothalamus as the central hub for integrating external and internal body signals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Differentiating migraine triggers and prodromal symptoms is crucial for shedding light on migraine pathophysiology and improve migraine management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10075,"journal":{"name":"Cephalalgia","volume":"44 10","pages":"3331024241287224"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and impact of primary headaches among students aged 8-12 years in Sub-Saharan Africa: Cameroon experience.","authors":"Annick Mélanie Magnerou, Jacques Narcisse Doumbe, Delima Tchombe Paule Rose, Daniel Massi-Gams, Paul Cedric Chimi-Mbonda, Eric Lamou Bila-Gueumekane, Christian Eyoum, Victor Sini, Hassanatou Iyawa, Yacouba Njankouo Mapoure, Callixte Kuate Tegueu","doi":"10.1177/03331024241288523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024241288523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of primary headache among students aged 8-12 years in the city of Douala (Cameroon).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From January to May 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 52 primary schools randomly selected from five districts in the city of Douala. The study population consisted of primary school students in level III classes. The diagnosis of primary headache was made according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd ed (ICHD-3) criteria and the paediatric version of the HARDSHIP questionnaire was used for recruitment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 2056 students participated of whom 55.9% (n = 1149) were female, with a median age of 11 years. The prevalence of headache in the last 12 months was 85.7% (n = 1762), that of migraine was 26.1% (n = 536) and that of tension-type headache (TTH) was 15.1% (n = 311). Regarding the impact of primary headaches, 176 (32.8%) migraineurs reported absenteeism from school compared to 70 (22.5%) students with TTH (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and 309 (57.6%) migraineurs had a break in their activities compared to 147 (47.3%) students with TTH (<i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Primary headaches are common among students aged 8-12 years in the city of Douala. They are responsible for a considerable impact on children and their family, particularly for migraineurs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10075,"journal":{"name":"Cephalalgia","volume":"44 10","pages":"3331024241288523"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying idiopathic intracranial hypertension in a hospital-based chronic headache population: Utility of magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance venography and trans-orbital sonography.","authors":"Mennatallah Mohamed Rehab, Sherien Mohamed Farag, Mahmoud Saad Swelam, Haitham Hamdy Salem, Ramez Reda Moustafa","doi":"10.1177/03331024241287212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03331024241287212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the most underestimated types of chronic headaches is headaches as a result of cerebro-spinal fluid dysregulation disorders. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) presents with headache and visual symptoms and usually is associated with papilledema. We identified patients with IIH in a chronic headache population presenting to a hospital-based headache clinic, and studied its associations with clinical, sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Of 168 patients, 141 chronic headache patients were identified and completed the study procedures (semi-structured medical interview, fundus examination, MRI brain with magnetic resonance venography (MRV) and trans-orbital sonography (TOS)). Patients with abnormal findings underwent lumbar puncture for opening pressure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of IIH was 27%. IIH patients were of higher age, had gnawing/throbbing headache in the vertex in most cases, and had higher body mass index. Fundus examination had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 98% for the detection of IIH cases. Approximately 23% of IIH patients had no papilledema. The most sensitive MR sign was found to be transverse sinus stenosis. TOS showed optic nerve sheath dilation in 35.7% of IIH without papilledema cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of IIH is high in the chronic headache population and should be suspected in the headache clinic setting, particularly because there is significant overlap with migraine symptomatology. MRI/MR venography and TOS can be useful adjunct tests to identify IIH patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10075,"journal":{"name":"Cephalalgia","volume":"44 10","pages":"3331024241287212"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANODYNE study: A double-blind randomized trial of greater occipital nerve block of methylprednisolone and lignocaine versus placebo as a transitional preventive treatment for episodic cluster headache.","authors":"Debashish Chowdhury, Sanjay Rao Kordcal, Rahul Nagane, Ashish Duggal","doi":"10.1177/03331024241291597","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03331024241291597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is inadequate evidence of the efficacy of greater occipital nerve block (GONB) for the preventive treatment of cluster headaches. We assessed the efficacy and tolerability of GONB injections as a transitional preventive treatment for episodic cluster headaches (ECH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial conducted at GB Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India, included ECH patients diagnosed by ICHD-3 criteria, aged 18-65, with one or more attacks per 24 h for seven days before randomization (baseline). ECH patients were either not on preventive medications or on stable doses for at least three months. ECH patients were randomized to receive active GONB (2 ml methylprednisolone (80 mg) and 2 ml lignocaine (2%)) and placebo (4 ml saline injections). Before giving GONB, lignocaine jelly was applied topically to mask the effect of numbness following the GONB. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change in weekly attack frequency from baseline to Week 4. Efficacy analyses were performed in a modified intention-to-treat population that included all patients who received at least one injection of GONB and had a follow-up for one week following GONB. The safety analysis included treatment-emergent adverse effects (TEAE) in all patients who received at least one dose of investigational product. The trial was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2021/21/038397).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty ECH patients were randomized between December 2021 and January 2023. Thirty-nine patients (19 in the active and 20 in the placebo groups) were available for efficacy analysis. The change in weekly attack frequency from baseline to Week 4 was -11.1 (95% CI: -8.5 to -4.4) for the active group compared to -7.7 (95% CI: -11.8 to -9.8) for placebo (mean difference -3.4 (95% CI: -5.2 to -1.7, <i>p</i> < 0.001). We noted TEAE in 18 (90%) of 20 patients who received the active drug and in 18 (90%) of 20 patients who received a placebo (<i>p</i> = 0.38). The common TEAE were local site bleeding and pain, which were mild and transient. No serious adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that GONB with methylprednisolone and lignocaine significantly reduced the weekly attack frequency from baseline to Week 1 through Week 4 in ECH patients compared to a placebo. GONB was well tolerated.</p>","PeriodicalId":10075,"journal":{"name":"Cephalalgia","volume":"44 10","pages":"3331024241291597"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}