International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology最新文献

{"title":"Facultative polar extrusion of yolk masses and of hatching at the posterior egg pole in tephritid fruit flies (Diptera)","authors":"André Luiz P Perondini ,&nbsp;Denise Selivon ,&nbsp;João S Morgante","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00017-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00017-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The eggs of <em>Anastrepha fracterculus</em>, <em>A. sororcula</em>, <em>A. obliqua</em>, <em>A. serpentina</em> and of <span><em>Ceratitis capitata</em></span> (Diptera : Tephritidae) show considerable morphological differences. Differences were also observed in the depth the eggs are inserted into the host fruits. <em>In vivo</em> inspection of the embryos of <em>Anastrepha</em> species showed that they may extrude polar masses of yolk before dorsal closure. In <em>A.fracterculus</em> and <em>A. sororcula</em>, 4 classes of embryos were found : (1) yolk masses at both ends; (2) masses only at the anterior end; (3) just a posterior mass and (4) embryos without any free mass. Only embryos of classes 3 and 4 were found in <em>A. obliqua</em>, while in <em>A. serpentina</em>, all the embryos extruded masses by the posterior end (class 3). There are variations in the frequencies of the classes as well as in the size of the extruded masses. Just before eclosion, the larvae of the <em>Anastrepha</em> species ingest the anterior mass of yolk (when present), turn round inside the egg, suck the posterior extruded mass, and eclose near the posterior-third of the eggs. No masses were present in samples of <em>Ceratitis capitata</em> embryos and the larvae do not present these complex behaviors and eclose near the anterior pole of the egg. The few previous studies on the embryology of other tephritid species did not report similar phenomena. The differences found among the species in relation to the phenomenon of yolk mass extrusion correlate, apparently, to the taxonomic relationship among them, as established before by genetic and morphologic parameters. Additional analyses of other species and genera are required to confirm if yolk mass extrusion is distinctive for the genus <em>Anastrepha</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"27 3","pages":"Pages 249-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00017-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76759436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood-eye barrier of the developing drosophila melanogaster (Diptera : Drosophilidae)","authors":"Stanley D. Carlson ,&nbsp;Susan L. Hilgers ,&nbsp;Martin B. Garment","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00016-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00016-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For the past quarter century, it has been known that a blood-eye barrier exists in adult insects. However, the life stage at which the barrier arises and the anatomical correlate of the barrier were not known. Compound eye development in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> (Diptera : <em>Drosophilidae</em><span><span>) is essentially complete at approximately 140 h after pupariation ; or about 20 h prior to eclosion. A search for a blood-eye barrier spanned late third-instar larvae, through late pupal life sampled at 40 and 140 h post-pupariation. No blood-eye barrier is present in the eye discs of last-instar larvae, based on the presence of lanthanum tracer among ommatidial cells and their processes. Pleated-sheet septate junctions, which link larval ommatidial cells, are not yet capable of totally blocking tracer from paracellular passage. The blood-eye barrier is constructed in the early phase (0–60 h) of pupal development in the wake of apoptosis and new cellular reorganization. In the developing compound eye, mature </span>photoreceptor neurons must then be protected from the ionic vagaries of hemolymph to become electrophysically competent. First vestiges of a barrier with occluding septate junctions are seen in the 40-h old pupa, and by 140 h, the barrier is complete. The barrier prevails throughout adult life.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"27 3","pages":"Pages 241-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00016-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87479351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frictional surfaces of the elytra-to-body arresting mechanism in tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) : design of co-opted fields of microtrichia and cuticle ultrastructure","authors":"Stanislav N Gorb","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00013-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00013-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In beetles, the system responsible for an attachment of forewings (elytra) to the thorax consists of interlocking fields of microtrichia (MT) located between thorax and body and between left and right elytra. The present study provides comparative data about microtrichia design on the thorax and elytra in three species of tenebrionid beetles (<em>Tribolium castaneum, Tenebrio molitor, Zophobas rugipes</em><span>) (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae), which are different in their size. The length, width, density and directionality of microtrichia in 13 MT fields (4 on the thorax, 1 on the abdomen, 7 on the elytra, and 1 on the costal vein of the hindwing) were quantified. (1) Parameters studied are dependent on the dimension of an insect. The length of the microtrichia of most fields compared increases with an increase in body size. The MT width in the majority of fields increases with an increase in the elytra length. The MT density decreases with an increase in the elytra length. (2) Both width and length of microtrichia increase with an increase in the distance between single MT. The density of outgrowths increases with an increase in their length and width. (3) The fields oriented along the same spatial axis constitute functional groups responsible for a particular direction. Co-opted fields can be oriented in the same or opposite directions. (4) The design of MT correlates in co-opted surfaces. There are 3 field groups, which were stated as functionally corresponding to one another : the medial, anterio-lateral, and posterio-lateral. The lengths and widths of microtrichia from fields of these functional groups were quite similar in corresponding fields. Length-to-width ratios of MT in elytral fields were usually weakly correlated with those of thoracic fields. The distances between microtrichia on the elytra surface directly depended on those of the thorax. Distance-to-width ratio of MT of one surface slightly increased with an increase in this parameter on the co-opted surface. The MT densities on co-opted fields were usually quite different. (5) The ultrastructure of the cuticle suggests differences in the material properties of the cuticle between MT fields. The thoracic fields usually consist of elastic cuticle, whereas elytral fields are much harder. Usually, a MT field of elastic cuticle corresponds to the field composed of hard cuticles. The study also provides information about the ultrastructure of epidermal cells and about the design of pore channels, which are presumably responsible for production and transport of an adhesive secretion into the area of contact between lateral fields. Sensory organs monitoring contact between co-opted binding sites were also studied. The results of this study may aid in understanding the morphological basis of cuticular microsculptures acting as frictional devices.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"27 3","pages":"Pages 205-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00013-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84766539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The phenomenon of ‘Beading’ in olfactory dendrites of the male silkmoth antheraea pernyi GUÉRin-ménéville (Lepidoptera : Saturniidae)","authors":"George L Kumar ,&nbsp;Thomas A Keil","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00009-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00009-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Along the olfactory dendrites of the silkmoth <span><em>Antheraea</em><em> pernyi</em></span> (Lepidoptera : Saturniidae), dilations called beads are formed <em>in vivo</em><span> during (a) the aging of the animal and (b) after cutting the dendrites. Beads show 3 different morphologies : (i) splaying of the microtubules within them, (ii) detachment of the membrane from the microtubular bundle without the splaying of microtubules, and (iii) total depolymerization of microtubules. The latter is especially common in the tips of the dendrite after cutting with tweezers. The most likely reason for the formation of these beads is the calcium-induced damage to the microtubular and membrane cytoskeleton as evidenced by acridine orange staining. From the electrophysiological point of view, the beaded dendrites at the cut tips are considered to be functional, because normal responses to pheromones can be recorded directly over cut hairs, and such responses have been found similar to recordings from uncut hairs. How age related beading affects electrophysiological recordings is yet to be determined.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"27 3","pages":"Pages 179-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00009-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83501526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and function of antennal pore plate sensilla of oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera : Dynastidae)","authors":"M Renou ,&nbsp;D Tauban ,&nbsp;J-P Morin","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00014-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00014-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The antennae of the rhinoceros beetle, </span><em>Oryctes rhinoceros</em><span> (Coleoptera : Dynastidae), comprise 4 parts : the scape, the pedicel, a funicle, and a club of 3 lamellate segments. The inner surfaces of the lamellate club segments carry one type of trichoid sensilla, 2 types of sensilla coeloconica, and 3 types of multiporous pore plate sensilla. The total surface occupied by the sensilla on the antenna is 5.2±0.4 mm</span>² in males (mean±SD) and 5.4±0.5 mm² in females. With a measured density of 8665±1254 sensilla per mm² in males and 8952±1642 sensilla per mm² in females, the total number of pore plate sensilla was estimated to be between 45,000 and 50,000. The structure of the 3 types of pore plate sensilla is described. SP1 are the most abundant type of placoid sensilla. They show a convex and rugged plate whose infoldings form a circle of irregular cavities. SP2 sensilla are characterised by a smooth and convex plate, surrounded by a furrow with a ridge. SP2 are localised on a wide band situated along the straight side of the lamella. The plate of SP3 is nearly flat and there is no furrow. SP3 are confined within a narrow margin along the convex edge of lamellae. The 3 types of pore plate sensilla house 2 neurones whose dendrites branch repeatedly under a plate of thin (0.2 <em>μ</em><span><span>m) cuticle, which is pitted with numerous pores, 40 nm in diameter. Single sensillum recordings with tungsten microelectrodes revealed the firing activity of 2 neurones. These receptor neurones responded specifically to olfactory stimulus. Olfactory receptor neurones tuned to the male pheromone compound, ethyl 4-methyl </span>octanoate, were found in male and female antennae. Other receptor neurones responded to plant volatiles. Morphological and electrophysiological data suggest the absence of a sexual dimorphism in the olfactory organs. The functional organisation of the olfactory organs is discussed in terms of their adaptation to the ecology of </span><em>O. rhinoceros.</em></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"27 3","pages":"Pages 227-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00014-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74252661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryogenesis of the fairy moth, nemophora albiantennella issiki (Lepidoptera, Adelidae), with special emphasis on its phylogenetic implications","authors":"Yukimasa Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00006-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00006-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Early embryogenesis and features of the developing embryo of the fair moth, <em>Nemophora albiantennella</em><span> (Lepidoptera : Adelidae), were studied chiefly by light microscopy for evaluating the systematic position of the family Adelidae, and the phylogeny of the heteroneuran Lepidoptera from the comparative embryological standpoint has been discussed. The newly laid egg of this species is elongated ovoid, about 0.53×0.22 mm in size; the size rapidly increases to about 0.62×0.34 mm in 1–3 days after oviposition<span> probably owing to absorption of water. The egg period is about 7 days at 20°C, and is divided into 12 developmental stages. Possible embryonic synapomorphies shared by the Adelidae (Incurvarioidea), Nepticulidae (Nepticuloidea), and Ditrysia are as follows; formation of a large germ disk, the serosa<span> and amnion formed independently in the fault type, the embryo immersed in the yolk before revolution, and the absence of the 11th abdominal segment. The Nepticuloidea is linked to the Ditrysia by two synapomorphies; the embryo immersed in the yolk until just before hatching, thickened serosal cells (hydropyle cells) absent. The only apomorphic embryonic characters observed in the Ditrysia are the thick periplasm and constancy of egg volume. The phylogeny obtained from the distribution of these embryonic characters is : Incurvarioidea+(Nepticuloidea+Ditrysia). Although this relationship strongly supports the monophyly of the infraordinal taxon Heteroneura, it does not coincide with any other arrangements formerly proposed on the basis of adult and larval characters.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"27 3","pages":"Pages 157-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00006-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81086872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructure of the accessory gland in the parthenogenetic thrips heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché) (Thysanoptera : Thripidae)","authors":"Giovanna Del Bene ,&nbsp;Vittoria Cavallo ,&nbsp;Pietro Lupetti ,&nbsp;Romano Dallai","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00018-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00018-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fine structure of the reproductive accessory gland of the parthenogenetic thrips <em>Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis</em><span> (Thysanoptera : Thripidae) is reported. It consists of an apical bulb and a fine gland duct. The former consists of an epithelium with secretory and duct-forming cells surrounding a large gland lumen lined with a thin cuticle and filled with dense secretion. Spent secretory cells degenerate and are eliminated from the epithelium. The gland duct is characterized by an irregular, branched lumen surrounded by a very flat epithelium. A valve controls the opening of the duct lumen. The proximal gland duct runs through a cuticular papilla that opens between the dorsal ovipositor valves. The secretions may serve for ovipositor valve lubrication and possibly to protect laid eggs. Observations of serial sections through the vagina exclude the presence of a spermatheca in this species.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"27 3","pages":"Pages 255-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00018-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76912287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunolocalization of retinal-binding protein (RALBP)-like protein in compound eye and ocellus of drosophila melanogaster (Diptera : Drosophilidae)","authors":"Chun-Sik Yoon","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00005-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00005-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A retinal-binding protein (RALBP)-like protein was found in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em><span><span> (Diptera : Drosophilidae) visual system by immunoelectron microscopy using anti-squid RALBP antibody. Immunoblot analysis showed that RALBP-like protein has a molecular weight of about 120 kDa. It was detected mainly in the central cavity of compound eye ommatidia and in the interphotoreceptor space of the ocellus. The protein was localized in the cytoplasm of </span>photoreceptor cells as well. However, these molecules were not detected in the cone cells, crystalline cone, and pigment cells. The molecular size and the localization of the </span><em>Drosophila</em> RALBP-like protein are similar to those of the vertebrate interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP). It is suggested that this protein may function as a <em>Drosophila</em> IRBP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"27 3","pages":"Pages 151-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00005-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74844873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of ovaries in scale insects. i. pseudococcidae, kermesidae, eriococcidae, and cryptococcidae (INSECTA, hemiptera, COCCINEA)","authors":"Teresa Szklarzewicz","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00007-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00007-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing ovaries of scale insects (Hemiptera : Coccinea) <em>Nipaecoccus nipae</em> (Pseudococcidae) and <em>Cryptococcus fagisuga</em><span> (Cryptococcidae) contain clusters of interconnected cells (cystocytes) that are arranged into rosettes; polyfusomes occur in the centres of the rosettes. Ovaries of the investigated adult scale insects are composed of numerous short telotrophic ovarioles. Tropharia (trophic chambers) of </span><em>Dysmicoccus newsteadi</em> (Pseudococcidae), <span><em>Eriococcus</em><em> buxi</em></span> (Eriococcidae), <em>Cryptococcus fagisuga</em> and <span><em>Pseudochermes </em><em>fraxini</em></span> (Cryptococcidae) comprise only trophocytes (nurse cells), whereas those of <span><em>Kermes </em><em>quercus</em></span> (Kermesidae) and <em>Gossyparia spuria</em> (Eriococcidae) also contain arrested oocytes. The latter probably degenerate. It is suggested that during evolution of scale insects a gradual reduction of germ cells to 4 per cluster (3 trophocytes and 1 oocyte) took place. In light of the obtained results, anagenesis of scale insects ovarioles is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"27 3","pages":"Pages 167-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00007-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75119871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incubation of zigzag-shaped oothecae in some ovoviviparous cockroaches gyna capucina and G. henrardi (Blattaria: Blaberidae)","authors":"Philippe Grandcolas ,&nbsp;Pierre Deleporte","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00011-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00011-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"27 3","pages":"Pages 269-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(98)00011-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82971622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}