Anna Maria Fausto , Cristina Khoury , Michele Maroli , Massimo Mazzini
{"title":"Ultrastructure of reproductive accessory glands in the female sandfly Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead (Diptera : Psychodidae)","authors":"Anna Maria Fausto , Cristina Khoury , Michele Maroli , Massimo Mazzini","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00007-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00007-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paired female accessory glands of <em>Phlebotomus perniciosus</em> (Diptera : Psychodidae) were investigated by light microscopy, and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These glands undergo morphological and functional changes during oocyte development. After the blood meal, the monostratified glandular epithelium differentiates and starts to secrete. Well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, and membrane-bounded exocytic vesicles suggest that these secretory cells are involved in protein synthesis. As the secretory cells differentiate, the glandular lumen increases in size and fills with secretory material, consisting of globular granules of different sizes in an amorphous electron-dense matrix. The granules have an electron-translucent core and an electron-dense cortex. The morphological characteristics of the glandular epithelium and the functional role of the glands are discussed in relation to their possible contribution to the reproductive process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 121-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00007-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75039254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Axonal composition of esophageal nerve in the corn earworm moth, Helicoverpa zea (boddie) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)","authors":"Elena G. Golubeva , Ashok K. Raina","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00010-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00010-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using the cobalt back-filling technique, we investigated the axonal input to the esophageal nerve (EN) from the brain and subesophageal ganglion in the corn earworm moth, <em>Helicoverpa zea</em> (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae). Retrograde filling of the EN followed by silver intensification revealed axons originating from the protocerebral neurosecretory cells in groups M1 and M3, neurosecretory cells of the frontal ganglion and from maxillary and mandibular cells of the subesophageal ganglion. The EN may be acting as a potential release site for neurosecretion from these cells and should be considered as a constituent part of the retrocerebral complex in <em>H. zea</em>, and possibly in other species of moths.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 91-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00010-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75750633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romano Dallai , Giovanna Del Bene , Pietro Lupetti
{"title":"Fine structure of the male reproductive organs of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)","authors":"Romano Dallai , Giovanna Del Bene , Pietro Lupetti","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00011-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00011-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The male reproductive organs of the western flower thrips <em>Frankliniella occidentalis</em> (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) consist of testes, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles and accessory glands. The first 3 have intermediate muscle fibers and pigment cells external to the epithelium, but the accessory glands do not show these cells. The accessory gland cells are engaged in active secretion into the ejaculatory bulb where the spermatozoa are stored. The epithelial cells of the ejaculatory bulb are involved in secretion and osmoregulation. An ejaculatory duct arising from this bulb posteriorly runs the length of a fusiform structure before entering the phallus. This latter consists, from front to back, of: (1) a dorsal phallobase, containing cells with large intercellular lacunae; (2) a medial phallotheca, whose cavity may be filled with hemolymph when the phallus is protruded at mating or with endothecal cuticular folds when the phallus is at rest; and (3) a ventral <em>ductus conjunctus</em> containing spermatozoa. This duct is invaginated ventrally into the phallotheca at the posterior end of the copulatory organ. Contractions of a series of abdominal muscle fibers may convey the hemolymph from the phallobase lacunae to the endotheca, causing the latter to evaginate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 97-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00011-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84621613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antennal sensilla of triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae): A comparative study of five genera","authors":"Silvia S. Catalá","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00014-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00014-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper analyses the antennal sensilla pattern of 22 species of triatomine bugs (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). The pedicels of species from tribe Rhodniini differ from species of Cavernicolini and Triatomini, mainly by the absence of trichoid and basiconic sensilla and by a greater number of Bristles I. Fifth-instar nymphs of <em>T. sordida</em> and <em>R. pictipes</em> show several differences in sensilla patterns compared with their respective adults. They lack basiconic sensilla and thin-and thick-walled trichoid sensilla over the first flagellar segment and over the proximal half of the second flagellar segment. <em>T. sordida</em> nymphs also lack these sensilla on the pedicel. There appears to be a significant sexual dimorphism in relation to trichoid sensilla in <em>T. sordida</em>, but not in <em>R. pictipes</em>. There exists a remarkable correlation between the density of basiconic and trichoid sensilla on the pedicels of different species, and a crude estimation of habitat range assessed as number of habitat types reported for each species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00014-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79507445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Head capsule concavities accommodating the antennal bases in Hymenoptera pupating in wood: Possible emergence-facilitating adaptations","authors":"Lars Vilhelmsen","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00003-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00003-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The area around the antennal bases and on the lower face was studied in Hymenoptera, including representatives of all “symphytan” superfamilies and apocritan families pupating in wood. This was done in order to eludicate the possible function and phylogenetic significance of modifications in the area under study. Two different kinds of structure which might serve to accommodate the antennal bases during emergence from the site of pupation, were investigated. Subantennal grooves were observed in Siricidae, Xiphydriidae, Orussidae, Megalyridae, and some Aulacidae, and vestigial grooves are probably present in Stephanidae; possible incipient structures were observed in some Tenthredinoidea, Megalodontoidea and Cephoidea. Antennal scrobes were observed in Ibaliidae, Liopteridae, Ichneumonidae and Chalcidoidea; they might have taken over the function of the subantennal grooves in these taxa. The distribution of subantennal grooves within the Hymenoptera cannot be explained without some homoplasy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"26 2","pages":"Pages 129-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00003-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87188880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultrastructural elements of CNS development in the Stage 15 Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) embryo","authors":"Stanley D. Carlson , Susan L. Hilgers","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00004-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00004-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ultrastructural neuroanatomy of the wild-type <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> (Diptera: <em>Drosophilidae</em>) embryo at Stage 15 was examined with the transmission electron microscope. This particular embryonic stage is an approximate midpoint of neurogenesis. No blood-brain barrier has yet formed in the CNS as illustrated by lanthanum tracer infiltration into the neuropil. First structural signs of axo-axonal synapses, in the embryonic neuropil are seen as electron-dense plaques on the cytoplasmic sides of apposing pre- and postsynaptic membranes. Very few clear synaptic vesicles (30–40 nm in diameter) are present, and none of these is clustering, although some are docking on the presynaptic membrane. In the perikaryal rind of the ventral ganglion, several glial somata are shown surrounding a single neuronal soma. Finger-like processes of the glial somata extend into extracellular spaces and contact the surface of the neuron. The functional significance of these findings is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 43-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00004-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89832204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revaluation of the prothoracic pleuron of the membracidae (Homoptera): The presence of an epimeron and a subdivided episternum in Stictocephala bisonia Kopp and Yonke, Oxyrhachis taranda (Fabr.), and Centrotus cornutus (L.)","authors":"Ulrich E. Stegmann","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00002-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00002-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The propleuron of adults of <em>Stictocephala bisonia</em> Kopp and Yonke, <em>Oxyrhachis taranda</em> (Fabr.) and <em>Centrotus cornutus</em> (L.) (Homoptera: Membracidae) and 5th-instar nymphs of <em>S. bisonia</em> is investigated using scanning electron microscopy of the external and internal skeletal surface. Criteria for homologizing propleural features in the Pterygota are detailed in an attempt to resolve contradictions of earlier interpretations. In the species examined, the following features occur in adults and in the nymphs of <em>S. bisonia</em>: the pleural sulcus, pleural apophysis, episternum, epimeron, precoxale, and trochantin. In adults, the episternum is separated into an anterior and a lateral part. The prothoracic tooth of <em>O. taranda</em> is an epimeral feature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(97)00002-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72896481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pattern of bacteriocyte formation in Periplaneta americana (L.) (Blattaria: Blattidae)","authors":"Simonetta Lambiase , Aldo Grigolo, Ugo Laudani , Luciano Sacchi , Baccio Baccetti","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)88103-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(97)88103-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the embryos of <em>Periplaneta americana</em> (L.) (Blattaria: Blattidae), bacterial symbionts, together with vitellophages, form a mycetomic structure inside the deutoplasm; this regresses between the 15th and 16th day after deposition of the ootheca. In this article we describe the migration of bacteria across the wall of the midgut from the mycetome, and the topographic distribution of pre-bacteriocyte cells. We also report that the pre-bacteriocytes are present only on the lateral surface of the internal abdominal fat bodies. We discuss the possible embryological origin and evolution of these cells, and put forward the hypothesis that pre-bacteriocytes are derived from oenocytes activated to perform phagocytosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 9-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(97)88103-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77426297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of female accessory glands of Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) during oogenesis","authors":"Guido Tirone , Rita M.P. Avancini","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(96)00011-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(96)00011-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Females of <em>Chrysomya putoria</em> (Diptera: Calliphoridae) have two sexual accessory glands, which are tubular and more dilated at the distal extremity. The glands open independently into the common oviduct. Two morpho-physiological regions were distinguished in the longitudinal semi-thin sections of the glands. The secretory region is constituted by three layers: a cuticular intima, lining the lumen, followed by a layer of small cells, and then a layer of very large secretory cells. The ductal region of the gland presents only two layers: the cuticular intima and a cellular layer. In both regions a basement membrane is present. Each secretory cell has in its apical region a reservoir, which enlarges throughout oogenesis; in its basal region there is a large nucleus. The ductal cells are cylindrical and smaller than the secretory cells. The glandular secretion is synthesized in the cytoplasm of the secretory cells, stored and/or modified in the reservoir, then drained to the lumen through an end apparatus seen in the apical region of the secretory cell. Histochemical tests indicate that this secretion is a glycoprotein. Measurements of the glands from females at different physiological conditions and fed on different diets correlate with the results obtained for changes in the ovary during oogenesis. Cell number averaged 561.2 ± 77.54 per gland. There was no increase in cell number during oogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(96)00011-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82988525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}