International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology最新文献

{"title":"Consistent pattern in the placement of taste sensilla on the labellar lobes of Aedes aegypti","authors":"Sharon R Hill,&nbsp;J.J Berry Smith","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00031-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00031-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The long sensilla on the labellar lobes of </span><em>Aedes aegypti</em> were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The surface of the labella is populated by 3 hair-like structures: long sensilla (female 33.5 μm, SD 3.81 <em>n</em>=114; male 32.0 μm, SD 2.69 <em>n</em>=20), short sensilla (female 4.27 μm, SD 0.550 <em>n</em>=15; male 4.52 μm, SD 0.609 <em>n</em>=15), and microtrichia (female 5.00 μm, SD 0.656 <em>n</em>=55; male 5.27 μm, SD 0.376 <em>n</em>=53). This current study is concerned with the long sensilla. The ventral surface of the labella is consistently populated with 10 long sensilla. The dorsal surface is populated by 5 long sensilla. We assigned the base of each sensillum Cartesian co-ordinates describing its relationship to the other sensilla on the ventral and dorsal surfaces of each individual. These Cartesian co-ordinates were pooled and a stringent form of cluster analysis was used to determine if these sensilla could be identified by location on the labella. Sensilla from different individuals are more closely related by position than sensilla on the same individual, suggesting that these sensilla are located in a consistent pattern over the labellar surface. Sensilla were labeled V1–V10 and D1–D5 on the ventral and dorsal surfaces respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"28 4","pages":"Pages 281-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00031-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85462308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atlas of olfactory organs of Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"S.R Shanbhag ,&nbsp;B Müller,&nbsp;R.A Steinbrecht","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00039-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00039-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The third antennal segment (funiculus) and the maxillary palp are the main and accessory olfactory sense organs of <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>. Cryofixed antennae and palps revealed a superior preservation of the sensory dendrites and other cellular details as compared to conventional chemical fixation. Extensive cross-section series through funiculus and palp were studied in order to obtain as complete an evaluation as possible of the sensillar complement on these appendages. About 75% of all sensilla on the male and female funiculus were individually studied and their position on the antennal surface mapped. Dimensions of the cuticular apparatus of the various types of sensilla are provided as well as the number of innervating receptor neurons. Particular attention has been paid to the cuticular pores important for stimulus transport and to the sensory dendrites. On the funiculus surface, all sensilla have multiple wall pores: sensilla (s.) trichodea and s. basiconica are single-walled, s. coeloconica are double-walled. The distribution of s. trichodea and s. basiconica follows opposing gradients along a diagonal axis parallel to the axis of the arista from proximo-medial to disto-lateral. In this disto-lateral direction the density of s. trichodea increases while that of the s. basiconica decreases. S. trichodea occur in three subtypes with one, two or three receptor neurons. Basiconic sensilla can be subdivided into three subtypes of large s. basiconica (with two or four receptor neurons), three subtypes of thin s. basiconica (with mostly two, rarely four neurons), and one subtype of small s. basiconica with two receptor neurons. Large s. basiconica occur only in the most proximal region (the ‘LB-zone’); thin s. basiconica are most common in a belt that borders the LB-zone distally, while small s. basiconica are most numerous even further distally along the mentioned diagonal axis in between the s. trichodea. S. intermedia are single-walled, multiporous sensilla which combine features of s. trichodea and s. basiconica; they are found in two subtypes with two or three receptor neurons, in the same region where s. trichodea abound. The s. coeloconica are irregularly distributed over the funicular surface, and occur in two subtypes with two or three receptor neurons. Sexual dimorphism on the antenna is moderate, the female funiculus is a bit longer and carries a larger number of small s. basiconica and large s. basiconica of the LB-I subtype; the male funiculus, however, has more s. trichodea than the female. On the maxillary palp, besides mechanoreceptive s. chaetica, there are only s. basiconica with two receptor neurons. According to the fine structure of their sensory dendrites, three subtypes can be discriminated which are distributed in a random pattern. The functional significance of the described structures and distribution awaits future immunocytochemical and electrophysiological experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"28 4","pages":"Pages 377-397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00039-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78229809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialized features of Rhynchosciara americana embryogenesis","authors":"J.C Carvalho,&nbsp;C.E Vanario-Alonso,&nbsp;T.M.C Silva,&nbsp;E Abdelhay","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00040-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00040-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insect embryo development is a complex process which requires nuclear and cellular division, cell shape alteration, and cell movement. This process needs to be orchestrated in a specific spatial and temporal fashion. Different insect species, despite similarities, present distinct morphogenetic pathways. We used the dipteran <em>R. americana</em> as a comparative model for embryo morphogenesis studies, following embryo development with different histochemical and immunohistochemical procedures. Despite the phylogenetic proximity with <em>D. melanogaster, R. americana</em> presents a peculiar morphogenesis. We show that at the initial phases of development, from egg fertilization to blastoderm formation, <em>R. americana</em> is similar to <em>Drosophila</em>. The first cleavages are nuclear and cellularization only begins after nuclei spread throughout the egg’s cortex. However after this stage a series of cell movements establishes a short compact germ band anlage, which gastrulates in a pattern quite different from <em>Drosophila</em>. After gastrulation the germ band elongates anterior–posteriorly and segmentation occurs simultaneously along the embryo. Embryo development from egg fertilization to larva hatching takes about 12 days. Our results show that <em>R. americana</em> presents a different morphogenetic pathway which does not fit in the current short, intermediate or long germ band classification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"28 4","pages":"Pages 309-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00040-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88601630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and histology of the spermathecal sac, a novel structure in the female reproductive system of Therevidae (Diptera: Asiloidea)","authors":"Shaun L Winterton ,&nbsp;David J Merritt ,&nbsp;Anthony O’Toole ,&nbsp;David K Yeates ,&nbsp;Michael E Irwin","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00030-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00030-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reproductive system of many female Therevidae has a sac-like structure associated with the spermathecae. This structure, termed the spermathecal sac, has not been recorded previously from any other Diptera and appears unique to certain members of the Therevidae. There is enormous variety in spermathecal sac size and shape, with greatest development in the Australasian Therevidae. A histological examination of the reproductive system of two Australian therevids, <em>Agapophytus albobasalis</em> Mann and <em>Ectinorhynchus variabilis</em> (Macquart) (Diptera: Asiloidea), reveals that the spermathecal sacs are cuticle-lined and that the intima is frequently highly folded. In some mated individuals, sperm was found within the spermathecal sac, suggesting that sperm and perhaps male accessory gland material is deposited there during copulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"28 4","pages":"Pages 273-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00030-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87649056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of Bephratelloides pomorum (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)","authors":"José Lino Neto ,&nbsp;Sônia N. Báo ,&nbsp;Heidi Dolder","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00028-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00028-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The spermatozoa of <em>Bephratelloides pomorum</em> are very long and fine. Each spermatozoon measures about 620 μm in length by 0.38 μm in diameter and, when seen under the light microscope, appears to be wavy along its entire length. The head, which is approximately 105 μm, comprises a small acrosome and a nucleus. The acrosome is made up of a cone-shaped acrosomal vesicle surrounding the perforatorium and the anterior end of the nucleus. Innumerable filaments radiate from it. The perforatorium has a diameter equal to that of the nucleus at their junction, where it fits with a concave base onto the rounded nuclear tip. The nucleus is helicoidal and completely filled with homogeneous compact chromatin. It is attached to the tail by a very long and quite electron-dense centriolar adjunct that extends anteriorly from the centriole in a spiral around the nucleus for approximately 8.5 μm. The tail consists of an axoneme with the 9+9+2 microtubule arrangement pitched in a long helix, as well as a pair of spiraling mitochondrial derivatives (with regularly arranged cristae) that coil around the axoneme, and two small accessory bodies. As well as the spiraling of the nucleus, mitochondrial derivatives and axonemal microtubules, the sperm of <em>B. pomorum</em> present other very different morphological features. These features include the acrosome and centriolar adjunct, both of which differentiate the spermatozoa from the majority of sperm found in other Hymenoptera. In addition these structural variations demonstrate that the sperm of chalcidoids provide characteristics that can certainly prove useful for future phylogenetic analysis at the subfamily level and, possibly, the genus too.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"28 4","pages":"Pages 253-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00028-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81601200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Differentiation of primordial germ cells during embryogenesis of Allacma fusca (L.) (Collembola: Symphypleona)”","authors":"Jerzy Klag,&nbsp;Piotr Świa̧tek","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(00)00002-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(00)00002-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"28 4","pages":"Page I"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(00)00002-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91417217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exocrine glands in the antennae of the carabid beetle, Platynus assimilis (Paykull) 1790 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichinae)","authors":"Alexander Weis ,&nbsp;Klaus Schönitzer ,&nbsp;Roland R Melzer","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00034-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00034-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The antennae of males and females of the carabid beetle, <em>Platynus</em>, contain numerous type-III gland acini composed of two different gland cells and a canal cell. The findings show that antennal glands are not only found in highly specialized groups, but also in beetles thought to represent ancestral character states. However, in most cases the function of these glands is not well understood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"28 4","pages":"Pages 331-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00034-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76949333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructural and functional aspects of the spermatheca of the African Migratory Locust Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Reiche and Fairmaire) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)","authors":"Martin Lay,&nbsp;Dieter Zissler,&nbsp;Rüdiger Hartmann","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00036-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00036-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ultrastructure of the spermathecal epithelium of the African Migratory Locust <em>Locusta migratoria migratorioides</em> R. &amp; F. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) was investigated with the aid of transmission and scanning electron microscopic methods. The unpaired spermatheca can be subdivided into a multiple coiled tube and a terminal bulb region with vestibule, small apical and extensive pre-apical diverticulum. The wall of the spermatheca consists of a chitin intima, a layer of epithelial cells with a distinct apical microvilli border and a layer of gland cells, whereby slender projections of the epithelial cells extend between the gland cells. Through extensive folding, the basal plasma membrane of the gland and epithelial cells form a huge labyrinth, which is bounded by a basal lamina. Extending into the above mentioned projections there are bundles of parallel-arrayed microtubules, which run perpendicular to the microvilli border of the epithelial cell. They end in the base region of the microvilli and in the basal labyrinth on hemidesmosomes and serve to provide a mechanically stressable anchorage for the epithelium. The gland cells show structures typical for the production of export proteins: ribosomes, rER, dictyosomes, as well as vesicles of different size and electron-density. Every gland cell contains an extracellular cavity, arising through invagination, which is coated with a microvilli border. Over an end-apparatus and a ductule joining onto it (also with chitin intima) the lumen of the extracellular cavity is connected with the spermathecal lumen. The release of secretions and other substances from the epithelium into the spermatheca lumen is as possible as the uptake of substances from the latter into the epithelium. Regional differences in the fine structure of the cuticular intima, epithelial and gland cells point to different functions of the epithelium in these regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"28 4","pages":"Pages 349-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00036-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74770613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional anatomy of sensory structures on the antennae of Psylliodes chrysocephala L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)","authors":"Elspeth Bartlet ,&nbsp;Roberto Romani ,&nbsp;Ingrid H Williams ,&nbsp;Nunzio Isidoro","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00032-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00032-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ultrastructure and distribution of sensilla on the antennae of the cabbage stem flea beetle, <em>Psylliodes chrysocephala</em>, were investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Eight different sensillar types were distinguished. These were; hair plate sensilla, sensilla chaetica, three types of sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, grooved peg sensilla and styloconic sensilla. The sensilla chaetica are known to be gustatory receptors. Ultrastructure indicates that the hair plate sensilla and sensilla trichodea type one are probably mechanoreceptors, whilst the sensilla styloconica are probably thermo-hygro receptors. These thermo-hygroreceptors are unusual in that they are innervated by two sensory cells (one hygroreceptor and one thermoreceptor) rather than the more usual triad. The remaining four sensillar types all have a porous hair shaft, indicating an olfactory role. One of these (the grooved peg sensillum) may also have a thermoreceptive function. No sexual dimorphism was found in the structure, number or distribution of the antennal sensilla.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"28 4","pages":"Pages 291-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00032-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84994502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructure of the spines and neck gland of Abananote hylonome Doubleday, 1844 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)","authors":"Frances Osborn ,&nbsp;Fredi Sánchez ,&nbsp;Klaus Jaffé","doi":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00037-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00037-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The external morphology of the cuticular spines, and the ultrastructure of the spines and neck gland in fifth instar <em>Abananote hylonome</em> larvae was studied. The larvae are spiny along the length of their bodies. Along the length of the spines are setae with a swelling towards the apical region. Internally, in the base of each seta there is a complex of secretory cells surrounding a large vacuole continuous with the seta. The neck gland is eversible, composed of a pair of oval internal sacks connected to the exterior via an extracellular canal produced by an invagination of the cuticle. The sack cells surround a reservoir containing an amorphous substance. In both the spines and neck gland the nuclei are large and irregularly shaped, typical of defensive glands of Lepidoptera. The border of the cells adjacent to the vacuoles (spines) and the reservoir (neck gland) is made up of numerous microvilli. We suggest that defensive compounds are produced in the gland cells and then later released via the vacuoles in the spines and the extracellular canal in the neck gland.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100701,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology","volume":"28 4","pages":"Pages 321-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-7322(99)00037-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72841131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}