Atlas of olfactory organs of Drosophila melanogaster

S.R Shanbhag , B Müller, R.A Steinbrecht
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引用次数: 341

Abstract

The third antennal segment (funiculus) and the maxillary palp are the main and accessory olfactory sense organs of Drosophila melanogaster. Cryofixed antennae and palps revealed a superior preservation of the sensory dendrites and other cellular details as compared to conventional chemical fixation. Extensive cross-section series through funiculus and palp were studied in order to obtain as complete an evaluation as possible of the sensillar complement on these appendages. About 75% of all sensilla on the male and female funiculus were individually studied and their position on the antennal surface mapped. Dimensions of the cuticular apparatus of the various types of sensilla are provided as well as the number of innervating receptor neurons. Particular attention has been paid to the cuticular pores important for stimulus transport and to the sensory dendrites. On the funiculus surface, all sensilla have multiple wall pores: sensilla (s.) trichodea and s. basiconica are single-walled, s. coeloconica are double-walled. The distribution of s. trichodea and s. basiconica follows opposing gradients along a diagonal axis parallel to the axis of the arista from proximo-medial to disto-lateral. In this disto-lateral direction the density of s. trichodea increases while that of the s. basiconica decreases. S. trichodea occur in three subtypes with one, two or three receptor neurons. Basiconic sensilla can be subdivided into three subtypes of large s. basiconica (with two or four receptor neurons), three subtypes of thin s. basiconica (with mostly two, rarely four neurons), and one subtype of small s. basiconica with two receptor neurons. Large s. basiconica occur only in the most proximal region (the ‘LB-zone’); thin s. basiconica are most common in a belt that borders the LB-zone distally, while small s. basiconica are most numerous even further distally along the mentioned diagonal axis in between the s. trichodea. S. intermedia are single-walled, multiporous sensilla which combine features of s. trichodea and s. basiconica; they are found in two subtypes with two or three receptor neurons, in the same region where s. trichodea abound. The s. coeloconica are irregularly distributed over the funicular surface, and occur in two subtypes with two or three receptor neurons. Sexual dimorphism on the antenna is moderate, the female funiculus is a bit longer and carries a larger number of small s. basiconica and large s. basiconica of the LB-I subtype; the male funiculus, however, has more s. trichodea than the female. On the maxillary palp, besides mechanoreceptive s. chaetica, there are only s. basiconica with two receptor neurons. According to the fine structure of their sensory dendrites, three subtypes can be discriminated which are distributed in a random pattern. The functional significance of the described structures and distribution awaits future immunocytochemical and electrophysiological experiments.

黑腹果蝇嗅觉器官图谱
第三触角节和上颌触须是黑腹果蝇的主要和辅助嗅觉器官。与传统的化学固定相比,冷冻的触角和触须显示出更好的感觉树突和其他细胞细节的保存。为了尽可能完整地评价这些附属物上的感受器补体,研究了通过索和触须的广泛横断面序列。分别研究了雄性和雌性蝶索上75%的感受器,并绘制了它们在触角表面的位置。提供了各种类型的感觉器的表皮器官的尺寸以及支配神经受体神经元的数量。特别注意对刺激运输和感觉树突很重要的角质层孔隙。在球囊表面,所有的感受器都有多个壁孔:三角感受器和基孔感受器为单壁孔,锥孔感受器为双壁孔。毛霉和基霉沿平行于坐骨轴的对角线轴线从近内侧到远外侧分布呈相反梯度。在这个双侧方向上,三角棘球蚴的密度增加,而基底棘球蚴的密度减少。赤霉病分三种亚型,分别具有一个、两个或三个受体神经元。基感器可分为大基感器3个亚型(有2个或4个受体神经元),薄基感器3个亚型(多数有2个神经元,很少有4个神经元),小基感器1个亚型(有2个受体神经元)。大型基性棘球蚴只出现在最近的区域(“lb区”);在与lb -带接壤的远端带中最常见的是薄的基生螺,而小的基生螺在更远的远端沿着上面提到的三角螺之间的对角线轴分布最多。中棘是单壁、多孔的感受器,结合了毛棘和基棘的特征;它们在两种具有两个或三个受体神经元的亚型中被发现,在毛癣菌大量存在的同一区域。锥面棘球蚴不规则分布于索表面,分为两种亚型,有两个或三个受体神经元。触角上两性二态性适中,雌尾柄稍长,携带LB-I亚型的小基裂棘和大基裂棘数量较多;然而,雄性的滴虫比雌性的滴虫多。在上颌触须上,除了机械感受性毛囊外,只有具有2个受体神经元的碱性毛囊。根据它们感觉树突的精细结构,可以区分出三种亚型,它们的分布是随机的。所描述的结构和分布的功能意义有待于未来的免疫细胞化学和电生理实验。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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