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International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry最新文献

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Two fast photodiodes for use in pulse radiolysis 用于脉冲辐射分解的两个快速光电二极管
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90011-5
G.G. Teather, N.V. Klassen, H.A. Gillis
{"title":"Two fast photodiodes for use in pulse radiolysis","authors":"G.G. Teather,&nbsp;N.V. Klassen,&nbsp;H.A. Gillis","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90011-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90011-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we describe the characteristics of two photodiodes which make them very useful for pulse radiolysis studies. These detectors are the EG &amp; G SHS-100 Si photodiode and the Barnes room temperature A-100 InAs photodiode. The former has a linear output up to at least 6·5 mA, has a 0–98% response time ≌ 15 ns and is distinguished from Si photodiodes previously described by having no detectable slow component to its response. The 0–98% response time of the A-100 photodiode and the circuit developed for it is about 60 ns, and it also shows no detectable slow response component. The output of the A-100 is linear up to at least 2 mA, and we have used it for absorption measurements between 450 and 3200 nm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 477-481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90011-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75401754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Triplet states in radiolysis of solid solutions 固溶体辐射分解中的三重态
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90059-0
M.V. Alfimov
{"title":"Triplet states in radiolysis of solid solutions","authors":"M.V. Alfimov","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90059-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90059-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Results of studies carried out in this laboratory on radiolytic formation and deactivation of solute excited triplet states in rigid organic solutions are reviewed. Energy transport from matrix to solute molecules was shown to occur in these systems. In matrices formed by aromatic molecules (toluene, polystyrene) this energy transport is realized via processes of singlet-singlet and triplet-triplet transfer of excitation energy. Three processes of triplet quenching have been found and discussed: (i) transfer of electronic excitation energy to solvent radicals, (ii) annihilation of solvent molecular excitations upon interaction with solute triplet molecules and (iii) specific deactivation of solute triplet molecules by solvent radiation products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90059-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91235249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Diffusion kinetics of radical intermediates in radiation chemistry 辐射化学中自由基中间体的扩散动力学
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90002-4
W. Naumann, W. Stiller
{"title":"Diffusion kinetics of radical intermediates in radiation chemistry","authors":"W. Naumann, W. Stiller","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90002-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90002-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"22 1","pages":"407-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84476983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Some aspects of vacuum ultraviolet radiation physics 真空紫外线辐射物理学的一些方面
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90091-7
W.C. Price
{"title":"Some aspects of vacuum ultraviolet radiation physics","authors":"W.C. Price","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90091-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90091-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 3","pages":"Page 401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90091-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83391819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The validity of diffusion concepts for describing the kinetics of recombination of an excess electron in liquid hydrocarbons 描述液态烃中多余电子复合动力学的扩散概念的有效性
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90015-2
I.A. Boriyev, B.S. Yakovlev
{"title":"The validity of diffusion concepts for describing the kinetics of recombination of an excess electron in liquid hydrocarbons","authors":"I.A. Boriyev,&nbsp;B.S. Yakovlev","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90015-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90015-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A comparison has been made of the experimental and calculated relative values of the efficiency of capture by the acceptor molecule of an electron generated by ionizing radiations (the α coefficient in Hummel's theory) in liquid hydrocarbons at room temperature; pentadecane, <em>n</em>-hexane, iso-octane and neopentane. For the experimental determination of the values of α the authors used the measurements of luminescence induced by a pulse of fast electrons in solutions of pyrene (10<sup>15</sup>−10<sup>16</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>) in hydrocarbons. Calculation of the values of α for the diffusion description of the process of recombination of an electron is based on the relation: <em>α</em>≈<em>K</em><sub><em>S</em></sub><em>r</em><sub><em>m</em></sub><sup>3/<em>u</em></sup>, where <em>K<sub>S</sub></em> is the rate constant of capture of an electron by the molecule of pyrene; <em>u</em> is the drift mobility of the electron; <em>r<sub>m</sub></em> is the most probable distance of thermolysation of an electron. The values of <em>K<sub>S</sub></em> and <em>u</em> for pentadecane and neopentane were determined by investigation of the electrical conductivity induced by a pulse of fast electrons in solutions of pyrene; for <em>K<sub>S</sub></em> and <em>u</em> in the case of <em>n</em>-hexane and iso-octane and also for <em>r<sub>m</sub></em> the published data were used. It is shown that while for hydrocarbons with relatively low mobility of the electron the calculated and experimental values of α agree, for the hydrocarbon with the highest mobility of the electron (neopentane) use of diffusion concepts for the calculation gives an overstated value of α.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 511-512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90015-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83301908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
World's leading nuclear scientists to convene November 14–19 in Washington, D.C. 世界顶尖的核科学家将于11月14日至19日在华盛顿特区召开会议
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90049-8
{"title":"World's leading nuclear scientists to convene November 14–19 in Washington, D.C.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90049-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90049-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 6","pages":"Pages 723-724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90049-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136603664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gamma and pulse radiolysis of methanolic solutions of triphenylphosphine 三苯基膦甲醇溶液的伽马和脉冲辐射分解
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90039-5
M. Venturi, A. Breccia, F. Busi, Q.G. Mulazzani
{"title":"Gamma and pulse radiolysis of methanolic solutions of triphenylphosphine","authors":"M. Venturi,&nbsp;A. Breccia,&nbsp;F. Busi,&nbsp;Q.G. Mulazzani","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90039-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90039-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In irradiated methanolic solutions of triphenylphosphine (Ph<sub>3</sub>P) deaerated with argon or saturated with N<sub>2</sub>O a transient spectrum has been detected. This spectrum is attributed to Ph<sub>3</sub>PCH<sub>2</sub>OH and a value of <em>k</em><sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>OH+Ph<sub>3</sub>P)</sub> = 8.8 <em>x</em> 10<sup>9</sup><em>mol</em><sup>−1</sup><em>dm</em><sup>3</sup><em>S</em><sup>−</sup> has been detemined. No evidence has been obtained for a reaction between e<sub>sol</sub><sup>−1</sup> and Ph<sub>3</sub>P in methanol.</p><p>The gamma-irradiation of oxygen-saturated methanolic solutions of Ph<sub>3</sub>P have shown that, under these conditions, Ph<sub>3</sub>P is oxidized to Ph<sub>3</sub>PO according to a chain reaction mechanism. The experimental results are in good agreement with the equation for <em>G</em>(-Ph<sub>3</sub>P) = <em>G</em>(Ph<sub>3</sub>PO) obtained by steady-state treatment of the proposed mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 6","pages":"Pages 673-677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90039-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78404732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Determination of superoxide (O2−) radical anion reaction rates using pulse radiolysis 脉冲辐射解法测定超氧(O2−)自由基阴离子反应速率
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90082-6
C.L. Greenstock, G.W. Ruddock
{"title":"Determination of superoxide (O2−) radical anion reaction rates using pulse radiolysis","authors":"C.L. Greenstock,&nbsp;G.W. Ruddock","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90082-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90082-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pulse radiolysis has been used to measure the rates of reactions of O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> with electron donors and acceptors, either directly or by a competition kinetic method using <em>p</em>-benzoquinone. O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> readily reduces quinones and various redox dyes and enzymes, and oxidizes ascorbate and catecholamines, but is quite unreactive towards aromatic amino acids, nucleic acids, sugars and alcohols.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 367-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90082-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72975884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Pulse radiolysis studies on aqueous systems PtCl42−Cl− and PtCl42−Br− 脉冲辐射溶解水溶液PtCl42−Cl−和PtCl42−Br−的研究
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90081-4
R.K. Broszkiewicz, J. Grodkowski
{"title":"Pulse radiolysis studies on aqueous systems PtCl42−Cl− and PtCl42−Br−","authors":"R.K. Broszkiewicz,&nbsp;J. Grodkowski","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90081-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90081-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pulse irradiation of PtCl<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> in aqueous solutions containing Cl<sup>−</sup> or Br<sup>−</sup> indicates that oxidation of Pt(II) by OH may be wholly or partially replaced by oxidation by Cl<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> or Br<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, depending on the efficiency of OH scavenging by the particular halide ion. The Pt(III) species produced by the latter reactants absorb respectively at 290 and 310 nm and differ from that produced by OH. Contrary to the similar PdCl<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> no evidence of Pt(II) co-ordinating more than four Cl<sup>−</sup> ions has been obtained. The rate constants of the processes and extinction coefficients of the transient species observed are reported.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 359-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90081-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76899776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Fragmentation of excited molecules and ions in the radiolysis of hydrocarbons 在碳氢化合物的放射性分解中受激发的分子和离子的破碎
International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry Pub Date : 1976-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7055(76)90064-4
Shoji Shida , Yoshihiko Hatano
{"title":"Fragmentation of excited molecules and ions in the radiolysis of hydrocarbons","authors":"Shoji Shida ,&nbsp;Yoshihiko Hatano","doi":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90064-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-7055(76)90064-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A survey is given of recent studies of the primary CH and CC bond dissociations of excited molecules and ions in the gas- and liquid-phase radiolysis of hydrocarbons, which have been mainly carried out by the product analysis method. In the CC bond dissociations evidence has been presented for the fragmentation of the excited parent ion, while in the CH bond dissociations attention has been focused upon an important role of hot hydrogen atoms in the hydrogen formation. A theoretical treatment of highly excited hydrocarbon molecules involving super-excited states is also described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100688,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Radiation Physics and Chemistry","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 171-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-7055(76)90064-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88615482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
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