Integrative Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Sun Bear Ecology and Conservation: Multiscale Habitat Associations in Southeast Asia\u0000 马来熊的生态与保护:东南亚地区的多尺度生境关联研究","authors":"Alexander Hendry,&nbsp;Harsh K. Pahuja,&nbsp;Zachary Amir,&nbsp;Ilyas Nursamsi,&nbsp;Jonathan H. Moore,&nbsp;Matthew Scott Luskin","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70071","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inc3.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Degraded tropical forests, defined here as logged, fragmented, and edge forests, constitute most of the remaining natural areas in Southeast Asia, potentially contributing to megafauna declines and extirpations. The sun bear (<i>Helarctos malayanus</i>) is a megafauna species native to Southeast Asian forests and is generally considered a forest specialist, and thus may be at risk from widespread forest degradation. To clarify the sun bear's responses to forest degradation, we assessed landscape- and local-level occurrence and diel activity across 38 landscapes throughout its range. First, we assess among-landscape variation in sun bear detections by comparing detection records from 185 camera studies. Second, we assess within-landscape variation in abundance using 19 new camera surveys in eight landscapes and Royle–Nichols hierarchical modelling to account for imperfect detectability. Finally, we assessed diel activity in intact versus degraded forests. Across the region (among landscapes), sun bear detections were higher in larger forests, but unexpectedly also in forests that neighbour humans. Within landscapes (i.e., local-scale), there were no significant responses to forest degradation but sun bears avoided oil palm plantations and had positive associations with elevation and humans. The diel activity analysis showed that sun bears are predominantly crepuscular and do not shift their activity patterns in degraded forests or near humans. These findings challenge prior work suggesting sun bears are specialists and suggest they are more tolerant of humans and forest degradation than previously realised. The sun bear's adaptability may be traced to its being a habitat generalist and omnivore, rather than to temporal partitioning to avoid humans. Our multi-scale synthesis suggests that, where hunting is low, degraded forests contribute to sun bear conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":"125-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Preliminary Assessment of Noise-Related Impacts From the Urban-Invasive Johnstone's Whistling Frog (Eleutherodactylus johnstonei)\u0000 城市入侵物种约翰斯通鸣蛙 (Eleutherodactylus johnstonei) 引起的噪声影响初步评估\u0000 Una evaluación preliminar de los impactos relacionados con el ruido de la rana silbadora de Johnstone (Eleutherodactylus johnstonei), especie urbana invasora","authors":"Rubén Darío Palacio,&nbsp;Sumana Goli","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inc3.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Invasive species can impact human populations beyond ecological effects, particularly in urban environments. The Johnstone's whistling frog (<i>Eleutherodactylus johnstonei</i>), native to the Lesser Antilles, has established in urban gardens in the Caribbean and northern South America. Its loud and persistent nocturnal calls are a source of noise pollution that may affect human health and well-being. In this study, we conducted a preliminary assessment of noise-related impacts in Cali, Colombia, a major urban center where whistling frogs are present. Our methods included (1) night-time vehicle surveys to estimate property occupancy rates along city streets, (2) sampling in urban gardens to estimate their density, and (3) an online survey (<i>n</i> = 330) to gauge residents' perceptions of the whistling frog's calls and potential health effects. Results indicate that whistling frogs in Cali occupy approximately 25% of surveyed properties, with over 50% probability of occupancy in areas larger than 0.1 ha. Densities varied with garden vegetation, ranging from 8 to 29 individuals per 10 m², exceeding those reported from natural sites within the species' native range. Survey responses revealed divergent perceptions and health outcomes associated with whistling frog calls: 42% of respondents, mostly younger adults (18–34 years), reported positive perceptions linked to nature connection and relaxation. Conversely, 19% reported annoyance driven by irritability, stress, and difficulty sleeping, suggesting a dual burden on mental health and sleep disturbance. Older adults (&gt; 55 years) and those with pre-existing sleep disorders showed greater vulnerability. The remaining 39% expressed neutral perceptions, although some individuals in this group also reported negative impacts. Overall, our findings provide one of the first empirical assessments revealing potentially widespread but overlooked public health impacts caused by the noise of an invasive species, warranting further public health investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":"104-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Human Development on Wildlife Use of Corridors in Botswana\u0000 人类开发对博茨瓦纳野生动物廊道利用的影响","authors":"Tempe S. F. Adams,&nbsp;Keith Leggett,&nbsp;Michael J. Chase,&nbsp;Marlee A. Tucker","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inc3.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human population growth and associated land-use changes, such as landscape fragmentation and agricultural expansion, increasingly threaten biodiversity by affecting ecosystem functioning and species persistence. Wildlife adapt their behavior in response to both the direct and indirect impacts of human activities. We examined the effects of landscape-scale human influence on wildlife corridor use in the Chobe District, Botswana. Using motion-activated camera traps, we assessed how 10 African mammal species used wildlife corridors within urban and agricultural landscapes. Specifically, we quantified (i) temporal overlap patterns between wildlife and humans across the two landscape types, and (ii) the probability of daily wildlife presence within the corridors. Seven species showed differences in temporal use overlap with humans between landscapes. Baboons, hyenas, impala, kudu, waterbuck, and sable antelope exhibited greater temporal overlap with people in agricultural corridors, whereas elephants showed reduced overlap in these areas. We also found that the daily probability of corridor use varied across species: elephants were more likely to be found in agricultural corridors, while warthogs and waterbuck were more likely to occur in urban corridors. These results provide evidence that wildlife species respond differently to human pressures, highlighting the importance of species-specific approaches in both current and future conservation and land-use planning strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":"164-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trait-Based Prediction of Extinction Risk and Conservation Strategy for Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants in China\u0000 基于性状的中药植物灭绝风险预测与保护策略研究","authors":"Yuhan Zheng,&nbsp;Jingjing Zhao,&nbsp;Wenbo Liao,&nbsp;Amy Hinsley,&nbsp;Tien Ming Lee","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70076","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inc3.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traded plants, including traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) species, contribute substantially to human health and economic activity but are increasingly threatened by human pressures and climate change in the Anthropocene. However, many species lack formal extinction risk assessments (i.e., Data Deficient (DD) or Not Evaluated (NE)), making strategic conservation planning challenging. We compiled a database of 11 correlates for 580 TCM plant species recorded in the <i>Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China</i> (2020) and built random forest models to determine the most significant drivers of threats to TCM plants. We then applied the trait-based model to predict the extinction risk of unassessed medicinal plant species. Species occurring in fewer provinces, with narrower elevational ranges, shorter stature, monocot growth form, and harvested parts other than fruits or seeds were associated with higher extinction risks. Among 95 unassessed species (DD or NE), 16 species (17%) were predicted to be threatened. Spatial mapping analysis revealed emerging threat hotspots in provinces such as Guangxi and Guangdong. Our trait-based predictive models successfully identified key drivers of extinction risk and highlighted potentially threatened medicinal plant species, revealing protection gaps and geographic concentrations of risk. For currently and potentially threatened TCM plants, we recommend urgent conservation action and targeted management interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":"150-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Stability Despite Taxonomic Changes in Mixed-Species Foraging Flock Participants Along an Elevational Gradient in Knuckles Montane Reserve, Sri Lanka\u0000 斯里兰卡纳克斯山地保护区 (Knuckles Montane Reserve) 海拔梯度上混合物种觅食群参与者的功能稳定性与分类变化","authors":"Vimukthi. R. Gunasekeara,&nbsp;Iresha Wijerathne,&nbsp;Tharuka Wickramasinghe,&nbsp;Sriyani Wickramasinghe","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70064","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inc3.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mixed-species foraging flocks (MSFs) are widely regarded as resilient communities in response to global habitat change. Sri Lanka is a tropical region well-known for its extensive body of research on MSFs and its highly diverse MSF assemblages, especially in lowland rainforests. Identifying MSFs in high-elevation ranges is increasingly important as climate change drives species to shift toward higher elevations. This study examined MSFs across three elevation gradients (high, mid, and low) along the same stretch of the northern flank of the Knuckles Mountain Range, specifically in Riverstan (high), upper Pitawala (mid), and the Bellan-Ela area (low). Using a line transect method, we observed 40 MSFs at each elevation and estimated foraging heights of each species and their abundance within observed MSFs. To compare MSF participants, we used interpolation and extrapolation (iNEXT) four-step analyses to assess taxonomic diversity. The functional diversity of MSF participants was measured using functional richness, functional divergence, functional evenness, functional dispersion, and Rao's quadratic entropy. Additionally, we compared the foraging heights of species across elevations. Our results revealed significant differences in taxonomic diversity among MSF participants along the elevational gradient. High elevations had lower taxonomic diversity, while low elevations had the highest diversity. Mid- and low-elevation assemblages were similar in Simpson diversity, though both exceeded high-elevation assemblages. However, functional diversity remained conserved across all elevational levels. Thirteen species demonstrated flexibility in changing their foraging heights at different elevations. This flexibility may be a strong indicator of the adaptability of MSF species when shifting habitats, suggesting that MSFs may serve as refuges that increase foraging efficiency during elevational shifts. Nonetheless, only three endemic species showed foraging-height flexibility, while 12 exhibited aversion to changing their adapted niche. These findings highlight the importance of studying highland MSFs to better understand their ecology and implement targeted conservation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":"59-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Galliformes of the High Himalayas Well Protected? Identifying Conservation Priority Areas Using an Assemblage-Level Approach\u0000 高喜马拉雅地区的鸡形目鸟类是否得到了有效保护？利用群落水平方法确定优先保护区域","authors":"Manvi Sharma,&nbsp;Adithi S. Rao,&nbsp;Jenis Patel,&nbsp;Munib Khanyari,&nbsp;Ajay Bijoor,&nbsp;Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inc3.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the distribution patterns of less charismatic species that co-occur with a charismatic umbrella species is critical for ecosystem protection. However, conservation efforts often overlook non-charismatic taxa, especially the distributions of multiple co-occurring species. Here, we use an assemblage-level approach to identify key conservation areas for a functionally important and abundant group of Galliformes occurring at high elevations in the Indian Himalayas. We address three main questions: (1) What factors influence Galliformes species distribution patterns? (2) Where are the specific regions of high species richness and high endemism in these landscapes? and (3) To what extent do these regions overlap with the current network of protected areas? We conducted extensive camera-trapping surveys covering 26,000 km² of high-altitude habitat. We found that vegetation cover and temperature seasonality were the most important predictors of Galliformes species distributions. Regions of high Galliformes species richness and endemism had low overlap with the protected area network (12.5% and 8.8%, respectively). We also found that the transition zone between the Greater and Trans-Himalaya is particularly important for conserving the Phasianidae assemblage inhabiting snow leopard landscapes. Our study has global significance as we bring attention to the value of assessing assemblage-level patterns for functionally significant taxa that occur largely outside the protected area networks designed primarily for umbrella species conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":"74-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mountains Without Borders: Scaling up Conservation Success for Snow Leopards","authors":"Juan Li,&nbsp;Lingyun Xiao","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inc3.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This special issue explores the evolving scientific and management landscape of snow leopard (<i>Panthera uncia</i>) conservation, highlighting a twentyfold increase in research output alongside the persistent threats of climate change and habitat fragmentation. The assembled studies address three core themes: establishing population baselines at geographic range edges, advancing non-invasive genomic and prey monitoring methodologies, and evaluating landscape connectivity across political boundaries. Findings reveal a significant “governance-ecology mismatch,” where current protected areas fail to encompass vital movement corridors and transboundary home ranges. To ensure the long-term persistence of this cryptic apex predator, the editorial advocates for a transition from site-specific protection to integrated, landscape-scale conservation characterized by standardized monitoring, protected corridors, and coordinated international governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing Demand and Uneven Supply: Eight Years of Nature Education in China\u0000 需求增长与供给不均:中国自然教育八年发展回顾","authors":"Qi Yunxi,&nbsp;Lyu Xiang,&nbsp;Huang Yu","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inc3.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the role of nature education in advancing conservation and sustainability in China between 2014 and 2023. Drawing on national survey reports and historical–comparative methods, it analyses the dynamics of public demand, institutional supply, and practitioner capacity. Findings reveal that public demand is strong, diversified, and rising, while supply remains fragile, regionally uneven, and constrained by financial instability and talent turnover. Applying public goods theory, the study identifies a structural supply–demand imbalance that limits the sector's contribution to conservation goals. To address this mismatch, four strategies are proposed: redistributing resources to underserved regions, tailoring curricula to diverse social groups, strengthening practitioner development, and establishing hybrid funding and governance mechanisms. Aligning supply more effectively with demand is critical not only for the sustainable development of nature education but also for enhancing its contribution to conservation governance in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":"46-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Secondary Extinction in the Asian Songbird Trade, as Exemplified by the Selling of Crested Jayshrikes as Master Birds","authors":"Vincent Nijman,&nbsp;Abdullah Abdullah,&nbsp;Ahmad Ardiansyah,&nbsp;Jessica Chavez,&nbsp;Katherine Hedger,&nbsp;Rifqi Hendrik,&nbsp;Abdullah Langgeng,&nbsp;K. Anne-Isola Nekaris,&nbsp;I. Nyoman Aji Duranegara Payuse,&nbsp;Erly Sintya,&nbsp;Desak Ketut Tristiana Sukmadewi,&nbsp;Marco Campera","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inc3.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Asian Songbird Crisis—the recognition that trade is the major threat to the conservation of Asian songbirds—has hitherto largely focused on species valued for their singing abilities and those that enter into songbird competitions. To increase the repertoire and variability in the songs of these competition species, competitors use so-called master birds. These are caged near competition birds to train them through vocal mimicry. Here, we focus on one such master bird, the crested jayshrike <i>Platylophus galericulatus</i>. Recognizing the negative effect trade has had on wild populations, the Indonesian government added this species to its list of protected species in 2018. We used data from 21 bird markets surveyed between 2011–2018 (119 surveys) and 2018–2025 (105 surveys) to assess whether this legal protection was effective. We recorded crested jayshrikes openly offered for sale, with most surveys documenting one or two individuals. We found a strong contrast between the brown crested jayshrike <i>P. g. coronatus</i> from Borneo and Sumatra and the Javan crested jayshrike <i>P. g. galericulatus</i>. The former was favored because of its superior singing abilities and more varied, piercing song. Almost three-quarters of individuals traded were brown crested jayshrikes, and they commanded significantly higher prices. Overall, remarkably little change was detected over the 15-year period, and legal protection appears to have had limited effect. We found no significant change in the number of markets offering the species (16 vs. 15), in market-level abundance trends (10 decreases, 5 no change, 6 increases), in temporal patterns, or in prices (brown: US$103 vs. US$110; Javan: US$57 vs. US$41 at the start and end of the study, respectively). The mean abundance decline slightly (1.6 vs. 1.3 birds per survey). Although crested jayshrikes themselves do not enter singing competitions, they are an integral part of the competitive songbird industry as master birds, with thousands caught illegally every year. As a result, they face a risk of extinction driven indirectly by the demand for increasingly complex songs in competing species. These secondary extinctions highlight the need to rethink how best to manage, and where appropriate curb, trade in wild songbirds across Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":"33-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life Stage-Specific Genetic Diversity and Landscape Characteristics Collectively Influence Genetic Recovery in Pometia pinnata Population\u0000 生活史阶段特异的遗传多样性与景观特征对番龙眼种群遗传恢复的协同影响","authors":"Madhuparna Chatterjee,&nbsp;Xiao-Na Shao,&nbsp;Feng Liu,&nbsp;Guang-Hong Cao,&nbsp;Zheng-Feng Wang,&nbsp;Lu-Xiang Lin","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inc3.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the genetic structure of tree populations is crucial for forest conservation and management. This study investigates <i>Pometia pinnata</i>, an ecologically significant dominant tree species in Xishuangbanna, China. We hypothesized that historical colonization patterns and complex topography have shaped the genetic structure of the current population, with species diversity and density acting as barriers to gene flow. We sampled 988 <i>P. pinnata</i> individuals across a topographically complex 20 ha plot with varying elevations (821.4–1043 m a.s.l.). Using nine microsatellite loci, we genotyped individuals and categorized them into life stages based on diameter at breast height classes: <i>Adult</i>, <i>Sapling I</i>, <i>Sapling II</i>, and <i>Seedlings</i>. We excluded two microsatellites that deviated from the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium and analyzed the genetic structure, parentage/offspring relationships, demographic history, and associations with ecological characteristics, such as species diversity, species density, and topography. The demographic history indicated that adults in the valley are a potential source for the entire population, as confirmed by bottleneck events observed during early restoration. Despite this, a panmictic structure and wide gene flow were detected, suggesting multiple progeny sources. Inbreeding was observed to increase in seedlings. Species diversity and density showed a positive correlation with genetic distance in adults, while topographic features influenced genetic structure differently across life stages. The genetic landscape of <i>P. pinnata</i> reflects a complex interplay of ecological and historical factors rather than a single barrier to gene flow. Forest conservation strategies should focus on maintaining landscape-level gene flow to preserve genetic diversity, ensuring the long-term adaptive potential of forest populations, and mitigating the impacts of habitat loss due to anthropogenic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":"137-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}