Industrial Metrology最新文献

Predictive Modeling of Photovoltaic Panel Power Production through On-Site Environmental and Electrical Measurements Using Artificial Neural Networks 利用人工神经网络进行现场环境和电气测量的光伏板发电预测建模

Industrial Metrology Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.3390/metrology3040021

Oscar Lobato-Nostroza, Gerardo Marx Chávez-Campos, Antony Morales-Cervantes, Yvo Marcelo Chiaradia-Masselli, Rafael Lara-Hernández, Adriana del Carmen Téllez-Anguiano, Miguelangel Fraga-Aguilar

{"title":"Predictive Modeling of Photovoltaic Panel Power Production through On-Site Environmental and Electrical Measurements Using Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"Oscar Lobato-Nostroza, Gerardo Marx Chávez-Campos, Antony Morales-Cervantes, Yvo Marcelo Chiaradia-Masselli, Rafael Lara-Hernández, Adriana del Carmen Téllez-Anguiano, Miguelangel Fraga-Aguilar","doi":"10.3390/metrology3040021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology3040021","url":null,"abstract":"Weather disturbances pose a significant challenge when estimating the energy production of photovoltaic panel systems. Energy production and forecasting models have recently been used to improve energy estimations and maintenance tasks. However, these models often rely on environmental measurements from meteorological units far from the photovoltaic systems. To enhance the accuracy of the developed model, a measurement Internet of Things (IoT) prototype was developed in this study, which collects on-site voltage and current measurements from the panel, as well as the environmental factors of lighting, temperature, and humidity in the system’s proximity. The measurements were then subjected to correlation analysis, and various artificial neural networks (ANNs) were implemented to develop energy estimations and forecasting models. The most effective model utilizes lighting, temperature, and humidity. The model achieves a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.255326464. The ANN models are compared to an MLR model using the same data. Using previous power measurements and actual weather data, a non-autoregressive neural network (Non-AR-NN) model forecasts future output power values. The best Non-AR-NN model produces an RMSE of 0.1160, resulting in accurate predictions based on the IoT device.","PeriodicalId":100666,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Metrology","volume":"286 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Two-Dimensional K-Shell X-ray Fluorescence (2D-KXRF) Model for Soft Tissue Attenuation Corrections of Strontium Measurements in a Cortical Lamb Bone Sample 二维k -壳x射线荧光(2D-KXRF)模型对羔羊骨皮质样品中锶测量的软组织衰减校正

Industrial Metrology Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.3390/metrology3040020

Mihai R. Gherase

{"title":"A Two-Dimensional K-Shell X-ray Fluorescence (2D-KXRF) Model for Soft Tissue Attenuation Corrections of Strontium Measurements in a Cortical Lamb Bone Sample","authors":"Mihai R. Gherase","doi":"10.3390/metrology3040020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology3040020","url":null,"abstract":"Human bones store elements such as calcium, phosphorus, and strontium, and accumulate toxic elements such as lead. In vivo measurements of elemental bone concentration can be done using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of X-ray interactions were predominantly employed in this field to develop calibration methods that linked XRF measurements to concentrations. A simple and fast two-dimensional K-shell X-ray fluorescence model was developed to compute the KXRF signal of elements in bone and overlying soft tissue samples. The model is an alternative to MC methods and can guide future bone XRF studies. Contours of bone and soft tissue cross sections were elliptical and only KXRF signals from absorption of primary photons were considered. Predictions of the model were compared to Sr KXRF measurements using the bare lamb bone (LB) and the LB with overlying leather. XRF experiments used a small X-ray beam, silicon X-ray detector, and three positioning stages. Linear attenuation coefficients of the leather and LB were measured and used in the model. Measured and model-derived values of the Sr X-rays leather attenuation and Sr Kβ/Kα ratio agreed, but estimated bone Sr concentrations were likely overestimated. Results, approximations, future work directions, and applications were discussed.","PeriodicalId":100666,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Metrology","volume":"2023 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134945749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Report of the CCU/CCQM Workshop on “The Metrology of Quantities Which Can Be Counted” CCU/CCQM“可计数量的计量”工作坊报告

Industrial Metrology Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/metrology3030019

Richard J. C. Brown, Bernd Güttler, Pavel Neyezhmakov, M. Stock, R. Wielgosz, Stefan Kück, K. Vasilatou

引用次数: 0

Time and Its Measure: Historical and Social Implications 时间及其度量:历史和社会影响

Industrial Metrology Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.3390/metrology3030018

Paolo Vigo, A. Frattolillo

{"title":"Time and Its Measure: Historical and Social Implications","authors":"Paolo Vigo, A. Frattolillo","doi":"10.3390/metrology3030018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology3030018","url":null,"abstract":"Time and frequency are quantities that have seen a proliferation and diffusion of tools, unimaginable until a few decades ago, and whose application implications are multiplying in a digital society, now characterized by an absolute lack of temporal and spatial limits. Today’s world requires a perfect synchronism of human activities, both for the need to identify with certainty the moment of commercial transactions and to accurately describe biological phenomenologies, which affect the social life of individuals to the point of having repercussions on issues such as safety, production and manufacturing organization. In this regard, the recent award of the Nobel Prize for Medicine for the discovery of the gene capable of controlling our internal biological clock is significant. This paper describes the social implications connected to time measurements, analyzing some very original application effects, ranging from the typical cadences of production activities to sports applications, going so far as to highlight its apparent anomaly of adopting, unlike all other physical quantities, duodecimal and/or sexagesimal scales. Real time and perceived time can both converge and diverge, and this is almost never objectifiable, as it varies from individual to individual, according to individual experiences or sensitivities. This paper is a point of reflection attempting to understand how the chronology of major historical events influenced the organization of time as it is known today and how we arrived at actual measuring instruments so accurate and interconnected with the social sphere. The evolution of calendars and instruments for measuring relative time is described in terms of their specificity.","PeriodicalId":100666,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Metrology","volume":"291 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79468040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Updated Strategy and Scope of Metrology 计量的最新策略和范围

Industrial Metrology Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.3390/metrology3030017

H Han Haitjema

引用次数: 0

Application Scenarios of a Tactile Surface Roughness Measurement System for In Situ Measurement in Machine Tools 触觉表面粗糙度测量系统在机床现场测量中的应用场景

Industrial Metrology Pub Date : 2023-07-29 DOI: 10.3390/metrology3030016

Clemens Sulz, F. Bleicher

{"title":"Application Scenarios of a Tactile Surface Roughness Measurement System for In Situ Measurement in Machine Tools","authors":"Clemens Sulz, F. Bleicher","doi":"10.3390/metrology3030016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology3030016","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of automation in European industry is increasing continuously. In production metrology, the trend is shifting from measurement laboratories towards integration of metrology into the production process. Increasing levels of automation and the current skills shortage are driving demand for autonomous production systems. In this project, a roughness measurement system was developed that is fully integrated into machine tools and enables fully automatic roughness measurement of part surfaces during the machining process. Using a skidless measurement system, it was possible to obtained measured roughness values comparable to those obtained in measuring rooms under optimal conditions. The present paper shows the development process of the prototype and provides an overview of different application scenarios for in situ measurement of machine tools. In situ roughness measurement has high potential in the future of metrology in industrial applications. Not only can surfaces be measured directly in the process, sub-processes can be triggered based on the measured values, allowing the production process to react flexibly to actual conditions. Potential improvements in metrology and significant optimizations of the entire production chain are highlighted in this paper.","PeriodicalId":100666,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Metrology","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86672272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organized Computational Measurement to Design a High-Performance Muffler 组织计算测量设计高性能消声器

Industrial Metrology Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.3390/metrology3030015

Mehran Saadabadi, Mahdieh Samimi, Hassan Hosseinlaghab

{"title":"Organized Computational Measurement to Design a High-Performance Muffler","authors":"Mehran Saadabadi, Mahdieh Samimi, Hassan Hosseinlaghab","doi":"10.3390/metrology3030015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology3030015","url":null,"abstract":"Engine noise, as a source of sound pollution for humans and the environment, can be reduced by designing a high-performance muffler. This study presents a novel, organized design process of that muffler for the KTM390 engine as a case study. The acoustic simulation analysis is performed in COMSOL software and aerodynamic analysis is performed in ANSYS Fluent. The features of the muffler considered in this designing process are the overall length of the muffler, the presence of baffles and related parameters (baffle distance, baffle hole diameter, and baffle hole offset), and the effects of extended tubes. In order to evaluate the acoustic performance of the muffler, an objective function has been defined and measured on two frequency ranges, 75–300 Hz and 300–1500 Hz. For evaluating the aerodynamic performance of that, the amount of backpressure is analyzed to achieve a maximum of 3.3 kilopascals for this muffler. The selection of the appropriate parameters includes comparing the resulting transmission loss curves and quantitative evaluation of objective functions (for transmission loss) and backpressure. This organized design process (i.e., tree diagram) leads to an increase in the efficiency of designing mufflers (for example, 41.2% improvement on backpressure).","PeriodicalId":100666,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Metrology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82162077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving Experimental Design through Uncertainty Analysis 通过不确定性分析改进实验设计

Industrial Metrology Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.3390/metrology3030014

Ian M. Hobbs, J. Charboneau, Todd L. Jacobsen

{"title":"Improving Experimental Design through Uncertainty Analysis","authors":"Ian M. Hobbs, J. Charboneau, Todd L. Jacobsen","doi":"10.3390/metrology3030014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology3030014","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the development of a fission-gas collecting and physical-analysis-enabling instrument was proposed for small-volume determination. Analysis specifications require a design capable of accurately and repeatably determining volumes in the range of 0.07–2.5 mL. This system relies on a series of gas expansions originating from a cylinder with known internal volume. The combined gas law is used to derive the unknown volumes from these expansions. Initial system designs included one of two known volumes, 11.85 ± 0.34 mL and 5.807 ± 0.078 mL, with a manifold volume of 32 mL. Results obtained from modeling this system’s operation showed that 0.07 mL can be determined with a relative expanded uncertainty greater than 300% (k = 2) for a single replicate, which was unacceptable for the proposed experimental design. Initial modeling showed that the volume connecting the known volume and rodlet, i.e., the manifold volume, and the sensitivity of the pressure sensor were key contributors to the expanded uncertainty of the measured rodlet volume. The system’s design limited the available options for pressure sensors, so emphasis was placed on the design of the manifold volume. The final system design reduced the manifold volume to 17 mL. These changes in design, combined with replicate analysis, were able to reduce the relative expanded uncertainty by ±12% (k = 2) for the 0.07 mL volume.","PeriodicalId":100666,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Metrology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79029743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Standard for Metal Powder Bed Fusion Surface Texture Measurement and Characterisation 金属粉末床熔合表面织构测量与表征新标准

Industrial Metrology Pub Date : 2023-06-10 DOI: 10.3390/metrology3020013

A. Thompson, L. Newton, R. Leach

{"title":"New Standard for Metal Powder Bed Fusion Surface Texture Measurement and Characterisation","authors":"A. Thompson, L. Newton, R. Leach","doi":"10.3390/metrology3020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology3020013","url":null,"abstract":"As metal additive manufacturing has been increasingly accepted as a viable method of industrial manufacture, there has been a significant uptake in manufacturers wishing to verify and test their parts through analysis of part surface. However, various studies have shown that metal additive surfaces tend to exhibit highly complex features and, thus, represent a challenge to those wishing to undertake measurement and characterisation. Over the past decade, good practice in metal additive surface measurement and characterisation have been developed, ultimately resulting in the creation of a new standard guide, ASTM F3624-23, which summarises that good practice. Here, we explain the background and rationale for the creation of this standard and provide an overview of the contents of the standard. An example case study is then presented, showing the worked good practice guidance in a metal additive surface measurement and characterisation task, namely, a comparative measurement of an example surface using two different instruments. Finally, considerations for future versions of the standard are presented, explaining the need to develop further good practice for novel instruments and to focus on feature-based characterisation approaches.","PeriodicalId":100666,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Metrology","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72864437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Optimisation of Imaging Confocal Microscopy for Topography Measurements of Metal Additive Surfaces 金属添加剂表面形貌测量的成像共聚焦显微镜优化

Industrial Metrology Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.3390/metrology3020011

L. Newton, Aditi Thanki, C. Bermudez, R. Artigas, A. Thompson, H Han Haitjema, R. Leach

{"title":"Optimisation of Imaging Confocal Microscopy for Topography Measurements of Metal Additive Surfaces","authors":"L. Newton, Aditi Thanki, C. Bermudez, R. Artigas, A. Thompson, H Han Haitjema, R. Leach","doi":"10.3390/metrology3020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/metrology3020011","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufactured surfaces, especially metal powder bed fusion surfaces, present unique challenges for measurement because of their complex topographies. To address these measurement challenges, optimisation of the measurement process is required. Using a statistical approach, sensitivity analyses were performed on measurement settings found on a commercial programmable array scanning confocal microscope. The instrument measurement process parameters were compared by their effects on three quality indicators: the areal surface texture parameter Sa, measurement noise, and number of non-measured points. An analysis was performed using a full factorial design of experiments for both the top and side surfaces of test surfaces made from Inconel 718 and Ti-6Al-4V using powder bed fusion. The results indicated that measurements of metal additive surfaces are robust to changes in the measurement control parameters for Sa, with variations within 5% of the mean parameter value for the same objective, surface, and measured area. The number of non-measured points and the measurement noise were more varied and were affected by the choice of measurement control parameters, but such changes could be predicted by the statistical models. The contribution offered by this work is an increased understanding of imaging confocal microscopy measurement of metal additive surfaces, along with the establishment of good practice guidance for measurements.","PeriodicalId":100666,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Metrology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84476659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0