Indoor Environments最新文献

{"title":"Long term monitoring of CO2 levels and ventilation rates in a naturally ventilated residential apartment","authors":"Martin de Jode","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indoor CO₂ levels became particularly topical during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In this study a long-term investigation of indoor CO₂ levels in a 1970s built residential apartment in single occupancy is presented. Three NDIR CO₂ sensors were used to measure CO₂ levels over a one-year period. Mean CO₂ levels over this period were 1278 ± 504 ppm, with elevated CO₂ levels of greater than 2000 ppm not uncommon. Subsequent investigations used the single zone mass balance model and the decay of CO₂ in the absence of occupants to estimate the ventilation rates in various configurations. A mean natural ventilation rate of 0.16 ACH was estimated with all windows closed. Opening fan light windows resulted in a mean ventilation rate of 2.86 ACH whereas opening all windows increased the mean ventilation rate to 19.1 ACH. Evidence was observed of the effect of both wind speed and indoor-outdoor temperature difference on the ventilation rates. It was concluded that with all windows closed the natural infiltration rate was insufficient to maintain optimal indoor air quality even in single occupancy. Opening the fan light windows was sufficient to achieve satisfactory indoor air quality but insufficient for the effective inhibition of airborne disease transmission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000274/pdfft?md5=26cfabae04f329b44c2f491364245987&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000274-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic detection of indoor air pollution-related activities using metal-oxide gas sensors and the temporal intrinsic dimensionality estimation of data","authors":"Luiz Miranda ,&nbsp;Caroline Duc ,&nbsp;Nathalie Redon ,&nbsp;João Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Bernadette Dorizzi ,&nbsp;Jugurta Montalvão ,&nbsp;Marie Verriele ,&nbsp;Jérôme Boudy","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ensuring indoor air quality (IAQ) is crucial for safeguarding health, with daily occupant activities serving as significant sources of pollutants. This study addresses the need to identify and mitigate indoor pollution events caused by activities like cleaning and cooking. Employing metal-oxide gas (MOX) sensors, we propose a method that automatically detects indoor air pollution-related activities through intrinsic dimensionality estimation on time-windowed multivariate signals. The approach was validated using a dataset derived from two months of experiments involving 10 common household activities in a 13 m² (46 m³) room, utilizing 21 distinct MOX sensor references. The dataset, which included labeled activities, demonstrated the method’s superior accuracy compared to existing literature, showcasing its robustness against sensor drift. This research contributes to raising awareness, enabling timely intervention, and facilitating the automation of smart ventilation systems to maintain healthy indoor environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000237/pdfft?md5=1a9435d6fbe1352326038e4a72c25a48&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000237-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of odor detection thresholds for n-butanol and benzaldehyde determined with a dynamic dilution olfactometer and in room air","authors":"Vanessa Thiele ,&nbsp;Christian Monsé ,&nbsp;Madlen David ,&nbsp;Malgorzata Debiak ,&nbsp;Marike Kolossa-Gehring ,&nbsp;Thomas Brüning ,&nbsp;Jürgen Bünger ,&nbsp;Kirsten Sucker","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The German Committee on Indoor Air Guide Values (AIR) has developed a concept of odor guide values (OGV) based on odor detection thresholds (ODT) to assess the plausibility of complaints about odor annoyance. ODT were determined directly at the nose with a dynamic dilution olfactometer. However, OGV will be used when a person is exposed to the odor in a room. This study aimed to assess the comparability of ODT determined with a dynamic dilution olfactometer according to the European Standard for Olfactometry EN 13725:2022 with ODT determined in room air under standardized conditions as described in the International Standard ISO 16000–30. ODT for n-butanol and benzaldehyde were determined by each method in 20 healthy, non-smoking volunteers (10 women/10 men, 19–50 years). Participants were screened for normal olfactory function and selected and trained in odor assessment compliant with EN 13725:2022. Comparability of log-transformed ODT values was assessed using Bland-Altman plot analysis. ODT values determined in room air were lower than by dynamic olfactometry. The bias for n-butanol was – 0.48 lg(ppb) (limits of agreement (LoA): – 1.13, + 0.18) and for benzaldehyde – 0.25 lg(ppb) (LoA: – 0.76, + 0.26). Measured differences were considered practically negligible for benzaldehyde, but not for n-butanol. Surface adsorption effects in the dilution system of the olfactometer and differences in the test procedures are discussed as possible causes for this discrepancy. Concluding, ODT determined with an olfactometer directly at the nose are suitable for deriving OGV and can be applied when a person is exposed to odors in room air.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000262/pdfft?md5=0f9ee40ca58499513efab881e378251c&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000262-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor environmental factors associated with influenza transmission in mainland China between February and April 2023","authors":"Nan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuyi Ji ,&nbsp;Beidi Niu ,&nbsp;Hua Qian ,&nbsp;Yuguo Li ,&nbsp;Hao Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The relaxation of strict COVID-19 control measures has led to a considerable increase in the number of influenza cases in 2023. This worrisome situation has posed a greater burden on public health and healthcare systems. Understanding environmental drivers of influenza epidemics can provide valuable insights for developing effective interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted an online survey from April 13th to 14th, 2023 to investigate the incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI) and influenza A within the past two months. A total of 4916 valid questionnaires were collected in mainland China. The questionnaire explored the relationship between the spread of ILI/Influenza A and factors including personal attributes, living environment, indoor ventilation, and personal behaviours.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of the 4916 respondents, 1583 reported having ILI in the past two months, and among them, 456 were infected with influenza A. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations with a lower likelihood of reporting ILI for the following variables: being female (Adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.834), having bedroom ventilation time exceeding 12 hours (aOR = 0.782), wearing masks in public places (aOR = 0.646), and using surgical masks (aOR = 1.417). Conversely, variables associated with an increased risk of ILI included larger household size (&gt;4: aOR = 2.405), presence of odours in the bathroom (aOR = 1.163), commuting by bus (aOR = 1.265), longer indoor stay during weekdays (&gt;18 h: aOR = 1.969), and a history of COVID-19 infection (aOR = 1.459). Furthermore, handwashing after toileting (aOR = 0.694) was associated with a lower reporting of influenza A.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study innovatively examined the impact of personal and environmental factors on influenza transmission. These observational findings can provide a scientific guidance for preventive measures against influenza.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000249/pdfft?md5=9b1d82f67f7231035b47852d7a6b08c4&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000249-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141423616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating DIY air cleaner variability and potential for post-construction emission of aromatic VOCs during wildfire events","authors":"Brett W. Stinson ,&nbsp;Amity L. Deters ,&nbsp;Elliott T. Gall","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While do-it-yourself (DIY) air cleaners such as the Corsi-Rosenthal Box (CR Box) are an increasingly popular choice for low-cost, accessible air cleaning during a wildfire event, construction and performance variability remains a concern. Using the same set of instructions, materials, and location of assembly, seven CR Boxes are constructed by individuals with no prior DIY air cleaner experience and clean air delivery rates (CADRs) are experimentally determined for each of the devices. Against a challenge aerosol consisting of fresh smoke generated via pine needle combustion, average number-based, PM_2.5 CR Box CADRs range from 313–396 m³/h (relative standard deviation = 7.6 %). Over this modest range of observed variability, constructed units outperform many higher-cost commercial air cleaners. A review of the literature demonstrates that across studies, substantial CADR variability is observed (285–1448 m³/h); differences in materials (including filter type) used during air cleaner construction, challenge aerosols tested, and evaluation protocol are major contributors to variability. To evaluate the potential for exposure to aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from CR Box materials, we place three devices in a large chamber for 24–72 hours immediately following construction. Toluene and C8 aromatics (ethylbenzene and xylenes) are emitted at 2289 and 89 μg/h, respectively, with emission rates decreasing by 94 % and 82 % after 12 hours. Using experimentally determined PM_2.5 CADRs and VOC emission rates, a hypothetical wildfire event impacting the bedroom of a home is modeled at four outdoor air exchange rates (AERs) to assess tradeoffs between building airtightness, particle removal effectiveness, and VOC off-gassing from a newly built CR Box. PM_2.5 effectiveness ranges from 0.88 to 0.95, depending on AER (0.1–1 h⁻¹). While modeled maximum VOC concentrations remain orders of magnitude below short-term permissible exposure limits at all AERs considered, modeled and observed VOC dynamics imply that an off-gassing period of ∼6–12 hours would avoid episodic emission of VOCs at rates that may cause accumulation in excess of the lower-limit of toluene odor threshold estimates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000201/pdfft?md5=10d702191e856523c663a3081ab8ffb2&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000201-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of cleaning on the microbiomes of indoor surfaces","authors":"Martin Täubel ,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Castagnoli ,&nbsp;Tunga Salthammer ,&nbsp;Lidia Morawska ,&nbsp;Heidi Salonen","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research into cleaning agents and disinfectants and associations with human health is typically performed from a chemical or particle exposure perspective. We lack good understanding of how cleaning chemicals and practices affect the microbiomes on indoor surfaces in real-life environments and what that might imply for human exposure and health. The objective of this review was to provide an overview and summary interpretation of studies investigating these aspects. Literature searches were performed using PubMed and Web of Science, limiting the results to studies published between 2013 and 2023. In total, 72 original research papers fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were considered in the data extraction. We found that the literature is dominated by experimental laboratory studies that evaluate and compare cleaning/disinfection efficacy of individual or multiple products or approaches. Such studies are largely motivated by the need to reduce healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and to respond and prepare to outbreaks and pandemics caused by microbes. Observational studies in real-life environments are less common and report partly contradicting results with respect to the impact of cleaning on surface microbiomes. Promising results from probiotic cleaning and hygiene systems (PCHS) applied to healthcare environments encourage concepts of curating or engineering indoor microbial populations rather than trying to eliminate them. Studies on re-establishment of surface microbiota indicate that efforts to eliminate microbes from indoor surfaces are indeed inefficient, which adds to concerns over promoting antimicrobial resistance and increasing chemical loads indoors due to excessive use of cleaning agents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000183/pdfft?md5=fbccb4a48f6580a60530150a8ba374dd&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000183-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of empirical and mechanistic blood lead models for children","authors":"Cara Henning ,&nbsp;Colin Guider ,&nbsp;Delaney Reilly ,&nbsp;Graham Glen ,&nbsp;Jonathan Cohen ,&nbsp;Bryan Groza ,&nbsp;Mark Myer","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Childhood exposure to lead can result in increased blood lead levels, which can have detrimental health effects. Models that can predict blood lead level based on exposure to floor and window sill dust lead at varying concentrations are useful tools for informing policy decisions. We compare an empirical model relating blood lead in children to the lead content of household dust, with a mechanistic model that simulates lead exposure in children through their daily activities. The empirical model is constructed using 1999–2004 NHANES data, while the mechanistic model is validated using 2011–2016 NHANES data. The models are evaluated at dust loadings ranging from 0.18 – 43 µg/ft² and the resulting blood leads are compared. Specific demographic variables are chosen to simulate individuals are generated with “typical,” “high end,” and “low end” exposures in the empirical model; these are directly compared with the median, 95th, and 5th percentile results from the mechanistic model. For a child with “typical” lead exposure, the 95 % confidence interval for computed blood lead values contained the median blood lead value from the mechanistic model at all dust lead exposure levels considered. Similar results hold when comparing the 95th percentile to “high end” and 5th percentile to “low end”. The blood lead level computed by the mechanistic model increases more quickly with respect to dust loading than the empirical model, particularly at higher loadings. The empirical and mechanistic models generate similar blood lead distributions across the range of dust loadings considered, particularly at low loadings. The mechanistic model may be more appropriate for higher loadings due to limitations inherit in the structure of the empirical model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000195/pdfft?md5=7e13429815f71147ac416b93aa6fe9dd&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000195-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141290792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The German approach to evaluate complaints about odour annoyance in indoor environments","authors":"M. David ,&nbsp;K. Sucker ,&nbsp;J. Hameister ,&nbsp;F. Gerull ,&nbsp;H. Grams ,&nbsp;C. Röhl ,&nbsp;K. Schröder ,&nbsp;L. Brosig ,&nbsp;A.M. Scutaru ,&nbsp;M. Debiak ,&nbsp;M. Kolossa-Gehring","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The perception of unusual or unexpected odours in indoor air can give rise to complaints about odour annoyance. These complaints are frequently accompanied by concerns for adverse health effects as a consequence of exposure to indoor air substances. The German Committee on Indoor Air Guide Values (AIR) developed a practical guidance on how to evaluate if the complaints about odour annoyance in indoor environments are reasonable and how to reduce odour exposure when a so-called odour guide value (OGV) is reached or exceeded. The AIR describes the procedure to derive odour guide values for relevant odorous substances in indoor air and recommends a graded approach of odour reduction measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000171/pdfft?md5=6bce291e45d5e5453f38a87c84be581f&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000171-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring indoor environmental perception through questionnaires, physiological monitoring, and facial expression recognition","authors":"Bowen Du ,&nbsp;Gabriel Bekö ,&nbsp;Dusan Licina","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has a profound impact on occupant health, comfort, and performance. Various methods are employed to collect feedback from building users, ranging from conventional questionnaires, increasingly utilized physiological monitoring, to recently developed automatic facial expression recognition. This study explores the feasibility of detecting environmental perception and satisfaction by continuous monitoring of facial expression and physiological parameters and compares the results with questionnaire results. Using independently controlled twin climate chambers, we established two distinct air pollution and noise exposure conditions and invited 25 participants to experience them in counter-balanced orders. They engaged in different activities including resting, taking cognitive tests, and watching a relaxing landscape video. Survey results suggested stark differences in self-reported environmental perceptions between the two conditions. Among the 31 unique facial action units (FAU) identified, some showed significant differences between the two air pollution and noise exposure conditions, especially during cognitive tests, while changes in physiological parameters were minor. We also established a model for predicting dissatisfaction with overall IEQ based on facial and physiological data and achieved an accuracy of 0.71, despite the weak correlation between individual FAUs and self-assessed perceptions. Our findings underscore the potential and the challenges of innovative methods for characterizing human responses to indoor environmental stimuli.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295036202400016X/pdfft?md5=c0dc07f4cd18a5de0780705b2e536a31&pid=1-s2.0-S295036202400016X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141264004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Draft-free air conditioning through split membrane ceiling system: An exploratory study","authors":"Shaoyu Sheng ,&nbsp;Toshio Yamanaka ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Narae Choi ,&nbsp;Shuji Yodono","doi":"10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2024.100017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The draft caused by convective air-conditioning is a primary contributor to thermal discomfort, particularly in localized cooling scenarios. While radiant systems offer a windless alternative, their condensation risks and maintenance costs bring concerns. In response, our research proposes an air-based radiation-convection hybrid system that’s draft-free and easy to implement. By suspending a breathable, flexible, textile-based membrane beneath the ceiling, the system mitigates drafts from ceiling-mounted air conditioners and leverages the membrane’s vast surface area for radiation. This work is an exploratory study focused on a retrofit split membrane system laying below the commercially packaged air conditioner (PAC). Three independent experimental studies were conducted. The first is a full-scale experiment assessing the membrane’s impact on PAC system operation and heat load management. The second is fundamental research to determine the permeation and airflow deceleration properties of different membranes. The third is a practical assessment in a self-study room retrofitted with the split membrane, aiming to determine the possibility of maintaining draft-free conditions. Results indicate that membranes with high laying ratios risk airflow short-circuiting. It can be reduced by adjusting the laying ratios and altering the laying pattern of the membrane, which also improves perimeter heat load management. Moreover, the permeation characteristics of various membrane materials were examined through flow and velocity attenuation coefficients. Besides material considerations, preliminary observations suggest that the membrane’s curvature could influence its permeation. Furthermore, the temperature and velocity data preliminarily affirmed the anti-draft performance of the split membrane ceiling system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100665,"journal":{"name":"Indoor Environments","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362024000146/pdfft?md5=aaf1cee04935c7b59e4a5856443a9bc0&pid=1-s2.0-S2950362024000146-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}