{"title":"Embroidered Driven Shields for Robust Textile Touch Interfaces","authors":"Roland Aigner;Florian Wolling;Florian Michahelles","doi":"10.1109/JFLEX.2025.3571382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JFLEX.2025.3571382","url":null,"abstract":"We present a fully textile capacitive touch sensor that provides an additional electrode for implementing driven (or active) shielding, which can considerably improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and guard from parasitic capacitance. While driven shields are state of the art for traditional printed sensors, they are still uncommon in contemporary textile user interfaces (UIs). Using an enameled copper wire as a bobbin thread in computerized machine embroidery, both sensor and shield electrodes are applied in a single sequence, eliminating manual intermediate or finishing steps and harnessing the design flexibility provided by the embroidery technique. Preliminary finite element analysis indicates significant improvements gained by employing driven shields, in terms of sensing range as well as signal quality, when the sensor is close to other conductors, e.g., when worn on the user’s body. By varying the shield electrode’s pattern properties, such as pattern type, area, and density, we investigate their effects on the resulting SNR, based on characterizations within controlled laboratory experiments. A major finding of our work is that the impact of density seems minor, while adjustments of the pattern layout seem to adequately compensate for a lower stitch density, with a grid layout yielding the best results.","PeriodicalId":100623,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","volume":"4 4","pages":"154-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11007092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thin Film Transistor Amplifiers on Cellulose Acetate","authors":"Sneha Chaudhary;Subhash Singh;Chithra Parameswaran;Sanjiv Sambandan","doi":"10.1109/JFLEX.2025.3567255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JFLEX.2025.3567255","url":null,"abstract":"With rising environmental concerns, the reduction of electronic wastes to enable sustainable living has become important. A rapidly growing section of the semiconductor industry is flexible electronics which largely relies on the development of thin film transistors (TFTs), light-emitting diodes, solar cells, etc. on plastic substrates. With the deposition of these thin film being additive, the largest volume and weight percentage of the device is the substrate itself. Therefore, a substrate based on nonbiodegradable long-chain polymers is not a tenable choice with regard to sustainability. In this work, we demonstrate the development of TFT circuits on cellulose acetate substrates with the degree of substitution of the acetyl group on cellulose being 2.4. The key novelties of this work are the development of TFTs with 40% yield and the demonstration of small signal amplifiers on flexible sheets of cellulose acetate without the use of a planarization layer. The absence of a planarization layer, which is typically nonbiodegradable, removes the significant pollutant thereby making the eventual device largely biodegradable. It is shown that the TFTs obtained with and without the basement layer are not too different in performance. While the acetyl group on cellulose is understood to slow down the degradation, our demonstrations corroborate with other studies and demonstrate its degradation in soil.","PeriodicalId":100623,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","volume":"4 5","pages":"218-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zixin Wang;Mahdi Saleh;Aula Alwattar;Maria Alfredsson;Robert J. Horne;Chee S. Ang;Joan Condell;Emily Flowers;Faith Matcham;Tony Robinson;John Rooksby;Sian Saha;Louise Rose;John C. Batchelor;Alexander J. Casson
{"title":"Evaluation of Carbon-Based Interconnects for Digital Signaling in Printed Flexible Electronics on Sustainable Substrates","authors":"Zixin Wang;Mahdi Saleh;Aula Alwattar;Maria Alfredsson;Robert J. Horne;Chee S. Ang;Joan Condell;Emily Flowers;Faith Matcham;Tony Robinson;John Rooksby;Sian Saha;Louise Rose;John C. Batchelor;Alexander J. Casson","doi":"10.1109/JFLEX.2025.3562530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JFLEX.2025.3562530","url":null,"abstract":"Printed electronics using flexible substrates are an emerging area, allowing next-generation electronics to conform and flex with different surfaces, from human skin to clothing. In the hybrid integration or sea-of-rigids, approach, conventional microchips are mounted onto (generally) plastic substrates such as polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), with (typically) printed silver tracks for interconnections between components. An ongoing research direction is to replace plastic substrates with biodegradable substrates and to replace silver tracks with nonheavy metal-based tracks. While the substrates and tracks form only part of an overall system, replacing them is a step toward increased sustainability and helps to meet net-zero goals for printed electronic systems. Previously, several papers have investigated printed carbon tracks for low-frequency analog sensing applications. This article explores the feasibility of using printed carbon tracks on biodegradable substrates for high-frequency applications such as digital signaling over a serial-peripheral interface (SPI). We investigate the printability, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity of carbon ink screen-printed onto six commercially available sustainable and flexible substrates. Our results demonstrate that multilayer screen printing substantially reduced the electrical resistance of carbon tracks, enabling SPI communication at frequencies up to 16 MHz with three layers of carbon ink. A Natureflex substrate provided the best balance of printability, thermal stability, and electrical performance. Substrates such as greaseproof paper and ClearFilm PU showed potential for flexible electronics, but require further optimization. This study provides valuable insights into selecting and optimizing biodegradable substrates for high-frequency digital systems, supporting the move toward more sustainable printed electronics.","PeriodicalId":100623,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","volume":"4 5","pages":"209-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feras Alkhalil;Paul R. Berger;Benjamin Iñiguez;Oana D. Jurchescu;Yukiharu Uraoka
{"title":"Editorial for Special Issue on “Thin-Film Transistor Technologies” in Honor of the Anniversary of the Transistor","authors":"Feras Alkhalil;Paul R. Berger;Benjamin Iñiguez;Oana D. Jurchescu;Yukiharu Uraoka","doi":"10.1109/JFLEX.2025.3538253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JFLEX.2025.3538253","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100623,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","volume":"3 11","pages":"464-465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10908538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics Call for Papers: Special Issue on Selected Papers from the 6th IEEE International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC) 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JFLEX.2025.3542531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JFLEX.2025.3542531","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100623,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","volume":"3 11","pages":"522-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10908500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Enhancing Performance of Lead-Free Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: A Numerical Approach","authors":"Akshit Grover;Gopalchetty Tejaswi;Neeraj;Navneet Gupta","doi":"10.1109/JFLEX.2025.3546588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JFLEX.2025.3546588","url":null,"abstract":"Lead-free perovskite materials have emerged as the most feasible option for photovoltaics to address the issue of toxicity and better performance. This study aims to design and enhance the performance of lead-free methylammonium (MA) and formamidinium (FA) compound (FAMASnGeI<sub>3</sub>)-based flexible perovskite solar cell (FPSC) by utilizing the solar cell capacitance simulator 1-D (SCAPS-1D). The optimization of various geometrical parameters and charge densities of the absorber and charge transport layers show the improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE). We have obtained <inline-formula> <tex-math>${V} _{text {oc}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 0.87V, <inline-formula> <tex-math>${J} _{text {sc}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 45.7 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, fill factor (FF) of 75.3%, and PCE of 29.9%. The obtained results were compared with similar existing research based on various absorber layers. It was found that the selected absorber layer improves the performance of FPSCs.","PeriodicalId":100623,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","volume":"4 3","pages":"109-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}