{"title":"LnC2n-2 Network-Based High-Gain Modular DC–DC Converter for PV Applications With MPPT","authors":"Rajat Kumar Keshari;Rajeev Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3476942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3476942","url":null,"abstract":"To optimize the photovoltaic (PV) sources, a power electronic interface becomes indispensable to boost the output voltage using the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. However, existing converters suffer from either low voltage gain or a higher component count. Therefore, this article proposes a MPPT-enabled <italic>L<sub>n</sub>C</i><sub>2</sub><italic><sub>n</sub></i><sub>-2</sub> network-based high-gain modular dc–dc converter capable of achieving high gain and maximum power from PV by utilizing fewer components. In the proposed <italic>L<sub>n</sub>C</i><sub>2</sub><italic><sub>n</sub></i><sub>-2</sub> network, <italic>n</i>corresponds to a number of stages, and each stage of the network comprises two capacitors, one diode, and one inductor. The proposed converter is expandable by increasing the number of stages and provides higher gain at a lower duty ratio with increasing <italic>n</i>. Basic <italic>L</i><sub>3</sub><italic>C</i><sub>4</sub> modular topology for <italic>n</i>= 3 is formulated and is analyzed in both continuous conducting mode (CCM) and discontinuous conducting mode (DCM). Further, an incremental conductance algorithm is applied for MPPT operations to verify the integrability of the converter with PV. The converter is also evaluated against different existing converter topologies concerning voltage gain, switches, and overall component count. A 300-watt experimental prototype is developed for <italic>n</i>= 3 to verify the proposed converter in CCM, DCM, and MPPT operation with the help of a PV emulator and TI F28335 microcontroller. The proposed topology for <italic>n</i>= 4 has also been validated in CCM to demonstrate the converter's modularity.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 2","pages":"677-686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global Flexible Power Point Tracking Based on Reinforcement Learning for Partially Shaded PV Arrays","authors":"Emmanouil Lioudakis;Eftichios Koutroulis","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3476695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3476695","url":null,"abstract":"The penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems in modern electricity grids is continuously increasing during the last years. To support the electrical grid by eliminating frequency disturbances and also provide inertia to the power system, the output power of PV systems can be controlled by applying a flexible power point tracking (FPPT) technique, where the PV array output power is continuously regulated to the desired reference value. Since PV modules frequently operate under partial shading conditions (e.g., due to nearby objects in building-integrated PV applications, deposition of dust etc.), the FPPT algorithms designed for operation of the PV system under uniform incident solar irradiance cannot operate efficiently. Therefore, the concept of the global FPPT (GFPPT) has been introduced. In this article, a novel GFPPT algorithm based on machine learning is proposed. By utilizing the proposed Q-learning algorithm, the GFPPT system is able to obtain knowledge over time, in order to achieve faster convergence. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed GFPPT algorithm converged in significantly less time compared to past-proposed GFPPT methods, while achieving an almost same steady-state tracking error.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 2","pages":"699-710"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interrelation of Gate Resistance and Emitter/Source Inductance Impact on Inductive Load Phase-Leg Crosstalk","authors":"Amir Azam Rajabian;Sadegh Mohsenzade","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3476274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3476274","url":null,"abstract":"Crosstalk poses a significant concern in power electronics converters that incorporate a phase-leg structure. The detrimental impact of crosstalk can result in device malfunction or failure. In this article, a model of the phase-leg structure emphasizing parasitic elements is introduced. Subsequently, the mathematical model of the circuit is deduced, followed by an investigation into the impact of low-side insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) gate resistance and the sensitivity of low-side switch emitter inductance. We explored in this article that in the inductive load switching a negative spike also happens in the lower device gate terminal during the crosstalk prior to the positive spike. This negative spike can be harmful for the gate oxide insulator of the device. For optimal outcomes, a double-pulse test is set up. This test entails the application of two closely spaced voltage pulses to a device, allowing the assessment of its switching characteristics in inductive loads. Furthermore, while examining the impact of low-side device gate resistance on crosstalk, the influence of low-side switch parasitic emitter inductance becomes evident, and the optimal values for these parameters are determined. The model is generic and applicable to any IGBT or power \u0000<sc>mosfet</small>\u0000, because crosstalk happens during turn-\u0000<sc>on</small>\u0000 process which the turn-\u0000<sc>on</small>\u0000 model of both devices is similar, with the specific case study in this article being the IXGH60N60C2 and IRFP460.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 1","pages":"415-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multisegment Magnetic Flux Path Analysis of Wound-Field Flux-Switching Machines With Different Winding and Stator-Rotor Combinations","authors":"Mostafa Fereydoonian;Dheeraj Bobba;Woongkul Lee","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3474516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3474516","url":null,"abstract":"Wound field flux switching machine (WFFSM) showcases attractive features such as a robust rotor structure, variable field operation capability, and no risk of demagnetization. The WFFSM also provides an integrated stator structure that accommodates both field and armature windings, while the rotor does not require windings or magnets. However, having both windings on the stator creates long and inefficient magnetic flux paths at specific rotor positions that do not directly contribute to electromagnetic torque generation. Therefore, it is imperative for WFFSMs to thoroughly investigate the magnetic flux paths associated with the stator bridge structure. This article employs a multi-segment magnetic equivalent circuit to identify these longer magnetic flux paths, validated through finite element analysis. In addition, their impact on inductance and torque production of WFFSMs with different winding configurations as well as stator-rotor pole combinations. Torque segregation and energy conversion loop analysis are conducted to visualize and quantify the impact of the longer magnetic flux paths on electromagnetic performances. The study reveals that the inductance harmonics originating from the integrated stator structure generate a negative reluctance torque, decreasing the net output torque. The results demonstrate that the WFFSM employing a circumferential field and armature winding configuration, which does not suffer from the longer magnetic flux path, achieves the highest output torque. It exhibits an output torque 57% higher than the WFFSMs suffering from the longer magnetic flux path, with identical volume.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 3","pages":"888-899"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2-D Misalignment-Tolerant Wireless Power Transfer With a Compact O-to-OXY Magnetic Coupler","authors":"Xuxing Duan;Wei Han;Youhao Hu;Hanlei Tian;Jinliang Huang","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3467064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3467064","url":null,"abstract":"The application of wireless power transfer (WPT) for consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and drones has garnered growing attention, with one of the key challenges being the ability to tolerate coil misalignment. This article proposes a WPT system with the LCC-S compensation and a novel O-to-OXY magnetic coupler to maintain high output power and transfer efficiency, aiming to tolerate coil misalignments in both lateral and longitudinal directions. The O and XY coils, representing planar and crossed-dipole coils, are coaxially stacked and naturally decoupled by sharing a common ferrite core to form a compact OXY receiver. Accordingly, a 500 W experimental prototype is developed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system under different loads. The measured transfer efficiency of the proposed magnetic coupler can reach up to 64.86% at the misaligned distance of 150 mm, marking a 17.34% improvement of average efficiency than the traditional O-to-O magnetic coupler across the entire misalignment range. Additionally, the transfer power can be maximally increased by up to 200 W. Finally, both theoretical analyses and experimental results confirm the feasibility and stability of the proposed WPT system.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 1","pages":"9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Konstantinos M. Gektidis;Ilia E. Zarka;Thomas Tsovilis
{"title":"Controllable Impulse Current Generator for PHIL Applications in Surge Protection","authors":"Konstantinos M. Gektidis;Ilia E. Zarka;Thomas Tsovilis","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3471656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3471656","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a novel controllable impulse current generator tailored for incorporation into a power hardware-in-the-loop testing framework. The generator is capable of producing impulse current waveforms both computed via simulation software and recorded from real-world field data. This capability enables enhanced testing of surge protective devices and sensitive electrical and electronic equipment, supporting the advancement and deployment of next-generation surge protection technologies. Detailed technical specifications for both power and control circuits are outlined, with a comparison between targeted and recorded waveforms found in good agreement. An application of simulation-based impulse currents on various surge protective devices is provided, determining the use of this tool for insulation coordination and surge protection applications to address challenges of modern power systems.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 2","pages":"511-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bridgeless SEPIC PFC Converter for Low-Voltage EV Applications With Reduced Sensor Count","authors":"G K Naveen Kumar;Arun Kumar Verma;Sandeep N","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3471339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3471339","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a single-phase bridgeless single-ended primary inductance-based power factor correction (PFC) converter that can function as a front-end converter for on-board low-voltage electric vehicle charging applications. The ability to inherently achieve the PFC in discontinuous inductor current mode is utilized in the proposed converter, thereby, the need for input voltage/current sensing is completely eliminated. Further, the structure of the proposed converter reduces the gate driver complexity owing to the common ground shared by all of the active switches which further adds to the cost effectiveness. The experimental results from a 1 kW prototype are presented to validate feasibility under steady state and dynamic conditions for wide output and input voltage ranges.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 1","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedro Catalán;Yanbo Wang;Carlos Ruiz;Joseba Arza;Gonzalo Abad;Zhe Chen
{"title":"Explicit Stability Assessment of High-Power Inverter With Model Predictive Control in Offshore Wind Farm","authors":"Pedro Catalán;Yanbo Wang;Carlos Ruiz;Joseba Arza;Gonzalo Abad;Zhe Chen","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3470688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3470688","url":null,"abstract":"The high-power grid-connected inverter (GCI) plays a key role in integrating wind power generation. The finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) has emerged as a promising high-performance control strategy for this class of power converters. However, practical stability assessment of GCI with MPC has not been fully addressed. This article investigates the stability of high-power GCI controlled by MPC and its application in offshore wind farm. The frequency scan technique is employed to derive the impedance characteristic of MPC-enabled inverter. Then, effects of MPC parameters and operating conditions on passivity are investigated. The proposed control strategy is validated and compared with classical PI-based control within Alpha Ventus offshore wind farm. Simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) verification are both implemented. The employed HiL setup integrates <italic>dSPACE DS1006 and PLECS RT Box 1</i>, providing a versatile real-time testing platform for independent validation of the controller and plant model. The study findings show that MPC strategy can effectively mitigate oscillation phenomena and enhance stability of offshore wind farm under weak grid conditions. Hence, the proposed MPC strategy is a promising solution to promote penetration of offshore wind power generation into power system.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 2","pages":"479-488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frequency Adaptive Discrete Repetitive Controller Design for Electric Vehicle Charger","authors":"Sakshi Chalia;Aakash Kumar Seth;Mukhtiar Singh","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3469569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3469569","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces the design of a bidirectional two-stage, on-board electric vehicle (EV) charger controller. As with the growing trend of EVs, their widespread use may compromise grid quality, leading to the demand for a stable, simple, and better control system. However, some controllers provide sluggish responses and fail to compensate for harmonics. Therefore, to mitigate the grid current harmonics, a repetitive controller (RC) has been analyzed. Within a specified integer period, for any periodic signal, the RC may accomplish tracking of zero steady-state error. However, if grid frequency varies under the permissible range the performance of conventional RC degrades. Therefore, a Lagrange interpolating polynomial-based fractional-order RC has been implemented with a fixed sampling rate to enhance its performance during frequency fluctuations. PLL estimates the frequency, which is fed back to update the controller's resonant frequency. Then, using Lagrange interpolating the polynomial the fractional delay is approximated. The proposed controller has been designed within a MATLAB environment. Its performance has also been probed in a real-time experimental setup with OPAL-RT (4510).","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 1","pages":"72-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extending the Linear Modulation Range of a Five-Level Inverter Up To the Full Base Speed for Variable Speed Drive Applications","authors":"Anchal Singh Thakur;Vivek R. S;K. Gopakumar;Umanand Loganathan;B. Subba Reddy B;Dariusz Zielinski","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3465569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2024.3465569","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a hybrid five-level inverter topology with a single dc source is proposed along with a method to increase the linear modulation range of this topology up to full base speed with the elimination of lower order harmonics for variable speed drive applications. The five-level inverter topology consists of the cascade arrangement of two basic inverter topologies. The three-level flying capacitor stage with a nominal capacitor voltage of <inline-formula><tex-math>$V_{text{dc}}/2$</tex-math></inline-formula> is followed by the three-level H-bridge stage with a nominal capacitor voltage of <inline-formula><tex-math>$V_{text{dc}}/8$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Using the proposed method, the peak phase fundamental voltage can be increased from 0.577<inline-formula><tex-math>$V_{text{dc}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to 0.637<inline-formula><tex-math>$V_{text{dc}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in the extended linear modulation region for the same dc input. Unlike conventional speed drives, where lower order harmonics are produced during operation in the extended modulation region (six-step mode), in the proposed topology, lower order harmonics are eliminated during operation in the extended linear modulation region. This ensures a better performance of the variable speed drives up to the full base speed. Experimental results to demonstrate both the steady-state and transient-state performance of the proposed topology are presented in this article.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"6 2","pages":"633-642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}