{"title":"Preventive Maintenance for Large PV Farms Using Data-Driven Parameter Estimation and Relative Performance Evaluation","authors":"Nikhil Kumar;K. Ramachandra Sekhar;Aashish Kumar;Amol Ishwarrao Gedam","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3630675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3630675","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale photovoltaic (PV) farms require regular maintenance to ensure longevity and maximize energy efficiency. Considering the necessity and associated challenges of maintaining large PV farms, this work proposes a real-time health monitoring system based on relative performance computation and environmental parameter estimation. Unlike conventional performance ratio (PR) methods that depend on extensive sensor networks, the proposed system estimates irradiance and temperature using a reference string operating at optimal performance, overcoming the limitations of traditional PR approaches. Since the proposed method relies on a high-performance reference string, the panel degradation factor is included in the individual string's relative performance ratio calculation to ensure long-term health evaluation accuracy. As a result, the proposed health monitoring system is durable and efficient in reporting string-level instantaneous anomalies while optimizing costs and data usage. With optimized data requirements, the presented approach reduces the number of comparisons needed to identify faulty strings, thereby minimizing sensor requirements. Furthermore, for efficient data transfer between strings and the main controller, a Long Range (LoRa)-based communication protocol is proposed, featuring a specially designed packet structure dedicated to PV farm monitoring. The system's effectiveness is experimentally validated on a 70 kW campus PV farm, demonstrating real-time, cost-effective fault detection, and reliable data transmission.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 1","pages":"125-136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148508185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Batta Sivaprasad;N. K. Swami Naidu;Santosh K Singh;Prateek Utkarsha;Naveen Yalla
{"title":"Enhanced Synthetic Inertia Controller for Grid-Forming Inverter-Based Virtual Synchronous Condenser","authors":"Batta Sivaprasad;N. K. Swami Naidu;Santosh K Singh;Prateek Utkarsha;Naveen Yalla","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3619256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3619256","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of inverter-based renewable energy sources (IBR) has inevitably resulted in insufficient inertia within the power system and creates challenges in maintaining stable frequency dynamics. Operating the IBR on maximum power point tracking and relying solely on the energy storage system for emulated inertia is not sufficient to keep the system stable. Despite this, limited efforts have been made to utilize stattic synchronous compensators as synchronous condensers, providing one possible approach to emulate the inertia. In response, this article proposes the implementation of a grid-forming inverter-based virtual synchronous condenser (VSCON), which delivers inertia power through the stored energy in the dc-link capacitor and also supports reactive power compensation. The integration of a conventional synthetic inertia controller (SIC) into the VSCON exhibits limitations in handling dc-link dynamics, which can adversely affect overall system performance. To address this, an enhanced synthetic inertia controller (ESIC) is proposed, enabling the sequential handling of multiple frequency events and ensuring stable operation over a wider frequency range without causing overmodulation. Furthermore, the virtual inductor concept is employed to decouple the active and reactive power loops. With an adequate virtual inductance, it also achieves a 29% reduction in the initial rate of change of frequency. Finally, a hardware prototype of a VSCON is developed in the laboratory and validates superiority of the proposed ESIC over the SIC.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 1","pages":"68-79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148509602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiancan Pang;Muhammad Foyazur Rahman;Madhav D. Manjrekar
{"title":"Design of Shunt Resonant Solid-State Circuit Protection for µs-Level Protection Coordination and Enhanced Fault Limitation in MVDC Systems","authors":"Tiancan Pang;Muhammad Foyazur Rahman;Madhav D. Manjrekar","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3620268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3620268","url":null,"abstract":"The extremely high <italic>di/dt</i> rates during line-to-line faults present a significant challenge in achieving selective coordination between circuit breakers in compact medium voltage direct current systems. Existing time-current-curve based methods incur coordination delays, leading to excessive fault current and severe system repercussions. Although <italic>di/dt</i> sensing circuits have been explored to reduce the delay, their wide bandwidth increases susceptibility to noise and the risks of mistripping. Alternatively, dc inductors have been used to directly limit the <italic>di/dt</i> rate. However, their bulky size limits their adoption under compact system requirements. Moreover, the additional energy stored in the inductors requires larger metal-oxide varistors and prolongs fault isolation time. To tackle these challenges, this article proposes a solid-state protection method based on a shunt resonant fault limiter circuit. During line-to-line faults, the resonant circuit automatically limits fault current and accelerates the response of the upstream circuit breaker closest to the fault. This enables microsecond level selective protection coordination without worsening the fault current or compromising noise immunity in sensing circuits. Compared to the existing pure inductive fault limiter, the proposed resonant fault limiter demonstrates much better current limiting capability with the same inductance, allowing for a more compact inductor design. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated through both simulation and test.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 1","pages":"102-112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148512206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regenerative Switched-Inductor/Capacitor Configuration-Based Cubic Bidirectional DC–DC Converter for EV Applications","authors":"Mahi Teja Talluri;V. Karthikeyan","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3607163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3607163","url":null,"abstract":"The regenerative switched-inductor/capacitor network is strategically configured to recycle voltage during buck and boost modes, enabling the proposed converter to achieve a cubic-order voltage conversion ratio (VCR) in both modes of operation. The proposed structure achieves impressive performance by forming three networks during both buck and boost modes. In the buck mode, the current is divided among the three networks, while in the boost mode, the three networks combine the current, enabling a higher VCR. Specifically, the VCR is <italic>D<sup>3</sup></i> in the buck mode and (1<italic>– D</i>)<italic><sup>−</sup></i><sup>3</sup> in the boost mode. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art converters highlights the superior performance of the proposed topology, such as fewer components, lower stress on the semiconductors, common grounding configuration, and higher efficiency with a simpler design. Also, an experimental prototype of the proposed converter has been designed, developed, and validated for a power rating of 750 W, operating at a switching frequency of 50 kHz. Under nominal conditions, it achieves a high efficiency with 95% in the buck mode at 350 W and 95.87% in the boost mode at 400 W.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 1","pages":"251-261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148505213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Step-Up DC–DC Converter With Soft-Switching Performance and Very Low-Voltage Stresses","authors":"Sara Hasanpour","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3619386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3619386","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a new single-switch high step-up dc–dc converter with fully soft-switching performance and low input current ripple is presented. The introduced topology utilizes a three-winding built-in transformer (TWBIT) with a low-passing current level, along with voltage multiplier cells to reach a very high-voltage gain ratio. In this converter, because of the trans-inverse feature, very high-voltage gains can be created under a low number of turns ratio of the TWBIT. The single power switch in this structure operates under zero-current switching. Also, the voltage stress rate of the power switch in this circuit is limited by a clamp circuit. Due to the unique structure of this circuit, very low-voltage stresses are imposed across the switching components. Also, to further improve the converter’s efficiency, a resonant cell is considered without additional components. Furthermore, the quasi-resonant performance helps alleviate the reverse-recovery issues of the circuit diodes. The operational principle and steady-state analysis of the proposed converter are discussed thoroughly. Finally, to verify the analytical results, a 200 W sample prototype (25 V/400 V/50 kHz) is implemented in the laboratory.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 1","pages":"161-176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148510066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EV Integrated Standalone PV Water Pumping System With Priority Control Based nG2V and V2nG Modes","authors":"Anuradha Tomar;Akash Deep Verma;Prerna Gaur","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3623495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3623495","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicle (EV)-integrated standalone photovoltaic water pumping systems offer a promising solution for enhancing sustainable development with growing economies in remote/rural regions in developing nations. However, high costs, technological complexity, low awareness, limited funding, and policy barriers have restricted research in this area. This article proposes an innovative system with bidirectional V2nG/nG2V energy flow. It utilizes a novel dynamic priority-based control strategy fused with developed PR-supported secondary droop control. The system utilizes EV battery storage as an auxiliary energy reservoir to enhance water pumping processes’ reliability and operational efficiency, mitigating the impact of fluctuating solar irradiance. The proposed dynamic priority control algorithm optimally orchestrates energy distribution among the Photovoltaic (PV) array, EV battery, and squirrel cage induction motor based water pump by dynamically adapting to user-defined priority settings, real-time system conditions, and load demand fluctuations. This technology ensures user-prioritized water pumping and improves system performance. Its novelty lies in integrating EVs in a low voltage vehicle-to-nanogrid/nanogrid-to-vehicle, a standalone PV water pumping with dynamic priority control. To verify performance, controlled hardware-in-the-loop validates real-time control performance. Despite rapid irradiance changes, power transitions are smooth, dc bus voltage remains stable and the system stays steady under low-voltage conditions, confirming effective PV energy utilization.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 1","pages":"113-124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148512857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Faults Detection Using Current Harmonics and K-Means Clustering","authors":"Krishna Kumar;Viswanathan Vaiyapuri;Sivakumar Nadarajan","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3609657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3609657","url":null,"abstract":"Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have acquired wide applications in industries because of high power density, high efficiency, and reliable operation. PMSMs possess numerous benefits, including low maintenance, smooth operation, quick dynamic response, and improved thermal management due to permanent magnets used instead of rotor windings. These characteristics render PMSMs suitable for use in electric vehicles, industrial automation, renewable energy systems, aerospace, and consumer appliances. Despite the many advantages, PMSMs are also prone to a variety of faults such as stator interturn short circuit, rotor demagnetization, and bearing faults, which may lead to performance degradation and machine failure. For reliable PMSMs operation, several fault detection techniques are employed. One of the critical issues in fault diagnosis in PMSM is that correct detection of the nature of the fault is difficult, particularly when small fluctuations in the currents. Stator interturn short circuit faults, demagnetization faults, or bearings faults frequently create small deviations in electrical and mechanical signatures like those suppressed by usual working noise, loads fluctuation, or ambient disturbances. In this article, we have compared the behavior of various electrical and mechanical faults associated with a PMSM motor. Mainly, Inter-turn short fault, demagnetization fault, and eccentricity faults have been analyzed using finite element analysis modeling, frequency domain analysis, and k-Means Clustering. The results bring into focus the effectiveness of these analytical approaches in classifying fault types with high accuracy and provide a robust foundation for the development of sophisticated real-time fault monitoring systems for PMSMs.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 1","pages":"13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148512968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriel Caramori;Igor Oliani;Angelo S. Lunardi;Alfeu J. Sguarezi Filho
{"title":"Robust Predictive Current Control Using Luenberger Observer for IMs in the Stationary Reference Frame","authors":"Gabriel Caramori;Igor Oliani;Angelo S. Lunardi;Alfeu J. Sguarezi Filho","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3626927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3626927","url":null,"abstract":"Induction motors are widely utilized in numerous applications due to their robustness, straightforward design, and affordability. Nevertheless, the precision of motor control can be affected by parameter mismatches and unmodeled system dynamics. Advanced control techniques, such as finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC), have been designed to mitigate these issues. The FCS-MPC uses the system’s mathematical model to predict future behavior of the system and select the most suitable control signal from a discrete set of options. Although FCS-MPC proves to be effective, traditional implementations can still face challenges from uncertainties, such as parameter changes or external disturbances. This article presents a novel robust predictive current control for induction motors in the stationary reference frame. It incorporates a discrete Luenberger observer to address the machine’s parameter mismatches. A discrete-time voltage model is derived from the motor’s dynamics, enabling the integration of a discrete Luenberger observer. This integration enhances controller performance, especially in the presence of parameter mismatches. In contrast to conventional FCS-MPC approaches, this method integrates stator voltage into the cost function instead of current, torque, or magnetic flux. Experimental results on an induction motor, tested under both steady-state and dynamic scenarios, confirm that this approach outperforms traditional predictive current control regarding robustness. The new method’s enhanced control capability to better track the reference, even under significant variations in inductance and resistance, underscores its potential as an effective solution.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 1","pages":"58-67"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148508586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal Feature Selection for Distributed Bearing Fault Detection Using Cost-Effective, High-Performance Machine Learning Algorithms","authors":"Ramin Rajabioun;Hasan Hataş;Mojtaba Afshar;Özkan Atan;Bilal Akin","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3636380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3636380","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a highly accurate and cost-efficient machine learning framework for diagnosing distributed bearing faults by identifying an optimal and compact set of frequency-domain features. The analysis is based on a comprehensive dataset collected from an experimental testbed comprising a coupled induction motor operating under 50 distinct combinations of speed and load. The dataset encompasses both healthy bearings and those exhibiting various distributed faults-such as lubrication degradation, contamination, electrical erosion, and flaking-as well as a localized fault in the form of a single-point defect on the outer race. Data were acquired using a multisensor module integrating three-axis vibration, stray magnetic flux, and two phase current signals. The primary objective is to reduce an initial set of 102 frequency-based features to a minimal subset suitable for deployment on resource-constrained microcontrollers without sacrificing classification performance. Employing Mutual Information (MI) and Random Forest (RF) techniques for feature selection, the study successfully identifies a critical subset of five features. A Random Forest classifier trained on these features achieved an impressive test accuracy of 99.58%. Furthermore, the combination of top-ranked features from both MI and RF methods led to improved classification performance over using either method independently, thereby enhancing the robustness and reliability of industrial bearing fault detection.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 1","pages":"46-57"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148509209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PQ Improvement of Four Wire Distribution Grid Based Dual Stage Solar PV Array Integrated UPQC","authors":"Chandrakala Devi Sanjenbam;Bhim Singh","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3620232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3620232","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a system that combines a dual stage solar photovoltaic (SPV) array with a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) to enhance power quality (PQ) of a four-wire distribution grid. Four wire UPQC-SPV arrangement is controlled to solve PQ issues like neutral current, balanced and unbalanced voltages sag, swell, harmonics, reactive power, etc. A four-wire UPQC is a combination of two voltage source inverters with four legs coupled back-to-back at shared dc-link. Presented four-wire UPQC-SPV system is simulated for several conditions, including load imbalance, unbalanced grid voltages sag, swell, and harmonics, fluctuating solar insolation in a real time simulation OPAL-RT and verified in hardware implementation. Effectiveness of presented system is compared with other control techniques. Total harmonic distortions (THDs) of load side voltages and grid side currents are in the limit of the IEEE 1159 and the IEEE 519-2022 standards’ permitted limits.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 1","pages":"80-89"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148510831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}