{"title":"A Back-EMF Oriented Control of Grid-Supporting Converter","authors":"Jyun Lin;Heinrich T. Eickhoff","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3674722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3674722","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a self-synchronizing grid-supporting controller for three-phase inverter is proposed. The angle-forming block is cascaded with the current loop, with the <inline-formula><tex-math>$q$</tex-math></inline-formula>-components of the back electromotive force regulated to zero by a proportional-integral controller. It contains the complementary advantages of both grid-following and grid-forming controlled converters. The grid-tied inverters with the proposed controller are stable under wide-range grid strength; and it can better deal with the current saturation issue under different faults, such as frequency and voltage amplitude dips. The control structure is very simple; it is obtained from the conventional phase-locked loop-based grid-following algorithm by some minor modifications. The impedance model in <inline-formula><tex-math>$dq$</tex-math></inline-formula> frame is derived to analyze its dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by experiments in both grid-connected and island modes.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 3","pages":"1127-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148515337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yulin Liu;Zifan Lin;Tianhao Qie;Wendong Feng;Herbert H. C. Iu;Tyrone Fernando;Xinan Zhang
{"title":"A Novel Robust and Adaptive Neural Network-Based Control Method for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in DC Microgrids","authors":"Yulin Liu;Zifan Lin;Tianhao Qie;Wendong Feng;Herbert H. C. Iu;Tyrone Fernando;Xinan Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3697280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3697280","url":null,"abstract":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are promising for DC microgrid applications, but their control is challenging due to complex dynamics, unpredictable disturbances, and limited sensor availability. Most advanced control methods rely on accurate models or extensive offline training, which can be costly and time consuming. This work presents an online-learning-based control method that does not require a detailed model and uses only three readily measurable variables: output voltage, voltage reference, and fuel flow rate. The approach employs two lightweight radial basis function neural networks, one to capture the slow-varying system dynamics and the other to estimate fast disturbances. Moreover, relative to existing prescribed performance control schemes, this article introduces a novel prescribed function that is independent of the initial conditions of the nonlinear system and the reference signal. This design enables fast adaptation to disturbances and guarantees that, starting from an unknown initial control policy, the transient tracking error remains within the prescribed bounds for all time. The superior performance of the proposed method is validated through hardware-in-the-loop experiments.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 3","pages":"1036-1051"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148517134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-Loop Control With Adaptive Weighting for SOC and Thermal Balancing in Second-Life Batteries","authors":"Long Chen;Yuan Cao;Qi Lei;Feiliang Li","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3690670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3690670","url":null,"abstract":"Second-life batteries (SLBs) often exhibit significant state-of-charge (SOC) and temperature inconsistencies, which degrade pack performance and shorten service life. To actively reduce these deviations during operation, a PSO-based dual-loop balancing strategy is presented in this article. Each SLB is interfaced with a bidirectional buck/boost converter. The inner loop performs coordinated SOC and thermal balancing, while the outer loop regulates the DC-bus voltage. The balancing factors are adaptively tuned using particle swarm optimization, enabling fast convergence with low computational burden. Experimental validation on aged 18650 lithium-ion cells demonstrates that the strategy reduces SOC deviations to below 0.7% and temperature differences to less than 1.2 °C under 1C discharging with dynamic loading, outperforming fixed-weight strategies. The method provides a practical and scalable solution for improving the performance and lifespan of SLB systems in transportation and stationary energy applications.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 3","pages":"1323-1333"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148517686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid Design Optimization Method for a Novel Cascaded Brushless Power-Fed Permanent-Magnet Adjustable Speed Drive","authors":"Xinlei Zheng;Heyun Lin;Chenggang Wang;Yibo Li;Shuhua Fang","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3676285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3676285","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a rapid design optimization method for a novel cascaded brushless power-fed permanent-magnet adjustable speed drive is proposed to address the issues of parameter combination and high computational cost resulting from the cascaded structure. Initially, the topology and operating principle of the proposed drive are introduced. Subsequently, its initial design, including the pole-pair combination, slot combination, and initial dimensions, is formulated based on the load characteristics. Then, a two-stage rapid optimization method is proposed to perform a comprehensive optimization for the drive, thereby achieving high efficiency, low cost, and low torque ripple simultaneously. The method independently optimizes the power and control subsystems, replacing the complex three-dimensional (3-D) model with two simplified 2-D models. In addition, an equivalent coupling model is developed based on a field-circuit coupling technique to predict the overall electromagnetic performance of the drive. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed design optimization method and the accuracy of the equivalent coupling model are validated through both simulated analysis and experimental tests.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 3","pages":"963-976"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148512396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Zhang;Mingwei Gao;Qiqi Jia;Zhengxiang Song;Jinhao Meng
{"title":"Physics-Informed iTransformer for Large-Capacity Lithium-ion Batteries Temperature Prediction Under Alternating Current Preheating With Few Initial Cycles","authors":"Tao Zhang;Mingwei Gao;Qiqi Jia;Zhengxiang Song;Jinhao Meng","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3670107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3670107","url":null,"abstract":"Alternating current preheating (ACP) serves as an effective solution for enhancing the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) during low-temperature operation. Accurately forecasting the temperature variation during ACP can facilitate the heating process and provide sufficient safety margins for battery thermal management. This article proposes a physics-informed iTransformer model for predicting LIB temperature under ACP, which is capable of forecasting the temperature variation of any unknown ACP process using only six initial cycles. To achieve high accuracy within a few cycles, the physical mechanisms are integrated into the iTransformer during pretraining, while six initial cycles are utilized for transfer learning. Furthermore, a specially designed data reconstruction method is proposed to enable temperature prediction for any future cycle with a single fixed input. Experimental validation is conducted using two groups of square batteries under ACP test at −17 °C and 23 °C. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves mean absolute errors of 0.1939 and 0.0785 at −17 °C and 23 °C, respectively.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 3","pages":"1300-1308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148513202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Flicker-Free, Electrolytic-Capacitor Less LED Driver for Medium-Power Applications Using an Energy-Barrier Technique","authors":"Hamid Khalili;Adib Abrishamifar","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3679422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3679422","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a reliable, electrolytic-capacitor-less, isolated LED-driver architecture tailored for medium-power and long-lifetime lighting applications. The proposed design combines a valley-fill SEPIC power-factor-correction (PFC) stage with an isolated dual-switch forward–flyback power-control stage, both operated in discontinuous-conduction mode. The key contribution lies in a coordinated combination of two mechanisms: 1) an energy-barrier regulation technique that elevates and stabilizes the intermediate bus voltage by controlling the redistribution of twice-line-frequency energy, and 2) a distributed bus-capacitance strategy that shifts part of the low-frequency storage requirement to lower-voltage capacitors within the valley-fill network. Together, these mechanisms enable a substantial reduction in required bus energy storage, allowing practical implementation with long-lifetime film capacitors. A 70-W prototype using ∼36 <italic>μ</i>F of film capacitance achieves flicker-free under both resistive and LED-module loading, while maintaining a power factor above 0.96 and satisfying IEC 61000-3-2 Class C limits. Furthermore, detailed circuit-level simulations up to higher power levels confirm that the proposed energy-barrier approach preserves stable low-frequency behavior within the defined low-flicker region, demonstrating its suitability for medium- and high-power extensions.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 3","pages":"1172-1183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148513855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angel Hernandez-Gomez;Diego Langarica-Cordoba;Panfilo R. Martinez-Rodriguez;Damien Guilbert;Victor Ramirez;Belem Saldivar
{"title":"Dynamic Voltage Behavior of a PEM Electrolyzer Under Continuous On/Off Loading Cycles Using an Equivalent Circuit Model","authors":"Angel Hernandez-Gomez;Diego Langarica-Cordoba;Panfilo R. Martinez-Rodriguez;Damien Guilbert;Victor Ramirez;Belem Saldivar","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3675644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3675644","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical modeling plays a crucial role in the design and performance evaluation of proton-exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers. Among the various approaches reported in the literature, equivalent circuit models (ECMs) stand out for their simplicity and suitability for studying voltage behavior and interaction with power electronic interfaces. However, the dynamic voltage response of PEM electrolyzers under continuous <sc>on</small>/<sc>off</small> loading cycles has not been extensively explored. This article presents a static–dynamic ECM model that accurately describes the voltage response of a PEM electrolyzer subjected to continuous <sc>on</small>/<sc>off</small> loading cycles in the supply current, represented by square-wave variations. The model parameters are derived from experimental data and validated through laboratory measurements. Thanks to this model, it is possible to have a better understanding of the PEM electrolyzer voltage behavior when intermittent power sources, such as energy conversion systems, are considered.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 3","pages":"862-871"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148514408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated System for Wireless Power Transfer and Auxiliary Charging of High-Voltage and Low-Voltage Batteries in Electric Vehicles","authors":"Yiming Zhang;Wei Xu;Chao Liu;Ronghuan Xie;Xiaoying Chen;Xiangpeng Cheng;Xingkui Mao;Yuanchao Wu","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3690020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3690020","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology can be used to charge the high-voltage (HV) power battery of electric vehicles (EVs), while the low-voltage (LV) auxiliary battery is charged via a separate auxiliary power module (APM). Maintaining two distinct charging systems leads to increased costs, bulkier designs, and added weight for the EV. This study introduces a novel integrated architecture that combines the WPT and APM systems by sharing key components. A compact pickup coil is integrated into the receiving coil of the APM, enabling it to directly draw power from the WPT system. This innovative approach allows the DC/AC converter, compensation network, and receiving coil to serve dual purposes, supporting both WPT and APM functionalities. Moreover, it enables power transfer from the HV side to the LV side while the EV is in motion. The system achieves a significant reduction in weight and size while boosting the overall power density of the EV charging infrastructure. A prototype was developed and tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed design. This integrated solution offers a more compact, efficient, and cost-effective approach to EV charging.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 3","pages":"1344-1352"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148514699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amarendra Edpuganti;K. T. Tan;B. Sivaneasan;K Pareek
{"title":"Power Architectures, Control Strategies, and Thermal Management in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Amarendra Edpuganti;K. T. Tan;B. Sivaneasan;K Pareek","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3693232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2026.3693232","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are emerging as a promising solution for zero-emission transportation, combining high energy density with fast refueling capability. However, the practical deployment of FCEVs critically depends on efficient power architectures, advanced control strategies, and robust thermal management to address the inherent limitations of fuel cell dynamics, auxiliary energy storage integration, and system reliability. This article presents a comprehensive review of FCEV technologies with a primary focus on power electronic architectures, followed by an in-depth discussion of fuel cell control strategies and thermal management techniques. The future research directions are also identified, emphasizing the need for highly integrated, reliable, and intelligent power-electronic-driven solutions for next-generation FCEVs.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 3","pages":"872-883"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148515191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermography-Based Electrical Machine Fault Diagnosis Using Explainable Compact Vision in Transformer","authors":"Aparna Sinha;Anmol Agrawal;Debanjan Das","doi":"10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3642206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2025.3642206","url":null,"abstract":"The major electrical machines suffer from various mechanical and electrical faults and noninvasive methods are preferred for machine health monitoring. In the realm of sensor technology, infrared thermography (IRT) emerges as a game-changer, offering a noncontact solution to measure temperature distribution—a crucial factor for assessing the health of electrical machinery. The integration of deep learning (DL) and IRT has grown in recent years. However, noise and a limited pool of infrared thermal images have hindered DL framework performance. To address these challenges, we present an end-to-end real-time framework that includes image augmentation, enhancement, and fault diagnosis using IRT. The proposed compact vision transformer model achieves a validation accuracy of 99.95% and demonstrates strong overall performance, with a macro F1-score of 97.39% (SD 3.66%, 95% CI: 94.6%–100%) for thermal-image-based fault diagnosis of induction motors. Explainable AI also improves the result interpretability, illuminating fault detection procedures and boosting diagnostic trust and transparency. This novel approach connects cutting-edge technology and sensor-driven insights, bringing precision and reliability to machinery diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":100620,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics","volume":"7 3","pages":"905-914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148515675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}