{"title":"Traffic anomaly detection algorithm for CAN bus using similarity analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, vehicles have experienced a rise in networking and informatization, leading to increased security concerns. As the most widely used automotive bus network, the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is vulnerable to attacks, as security was not considered in its original design. This paper proposes SIDuBzip2, a traffic anomaly detection method for the CAN bus based on the bzip2 compression algorithm. The proposed method utilizes the pseudo-periodic characteristics of CAN bus traffic, constructing time series of CAN IDs and calculating the similarity between adjacent time series to identify abnormal traffic. The method consists of three parts: the conversion of CAN ID values to characters, the calculation of similarity based on bzip2 compression, and the optimal solution of model parameters. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SIDuBzip2 method effectively detects various attacks, including Denial of Service , replay, basic injection, mixed injection, and suppression attacks. In addition, existing CAN bus traffic anomaly detection methods are compared with the proposed method in terms of performance and delay, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100605,"journal":{"name":"High-Confidence Computing","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667295224000102/pdfft?md5=b2ff302140dd063117041177fe6d1399&pid=1-s2.0-S2667295224000102-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139631378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaobing Dai , Jiajing Liu , Xin Liu , Xiaofen Tu , Ruexue Wang
{"title":"Secure blockchain bidding auction protocol against malicious adversaries","authors":"Xiaobing Dai , Jiajing Liu , Xin Liu , Xiaofen Tu , Ruexue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, with the development of blockchain, electronic bidding auction has received more and more attention. Aiming at the possible problems of privacy leakage in the current electronic bidding and auction, this paper proposes an electronic bidding auction system based on blockchain against malicious adversaries, which uses the secure multi-party computation to realize secure bidding auction protocol without any trusted third party. The protocol proposed in this paper is an electronic bidding auction scheme based on the threshold elliptic curve cryptography. It can be implemented without any third party to complete the bidding auction for some malicious behaviors of the participants, which can solve the problem of resisting malicious adversary attacks. The security of the protocol is proved by the real/ideal model paradigm, and the efficiency of the protocol is analyzed. The efficiency of the protocol is verified by simulating experiments, and the protocol has practical value.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100605,"journal":{"name":"High-Confidence Computing","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667295224000047/pdfft?md5=319168477025da7fd78f5308eb341778&pid=1-s2.0-S2667295224000047-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139635497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhongguo Zhou , You Li , Ziming Zhu , Qinghe Gao , Sisi Xiao , Tao Yan , Yan Huo
{"title":"A cognitive spectrum allocation scheme for data transmission in smart distribution grids","authors":"Zhongguo Zhou , You Li , Ziming Zhu , Qinghe Gao , Sisi Xiao , Tao Yan , Yan Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the communication needs in the smart distribution grid continue to rise, using existing resources to meet this growing demand poses a significant challenge. This paper researches on spectrum allocation strategies utilizing cognitive radio (CR) technology. We consider a model containing strong time-sensitive and regular communication service requirements such as distribution terminal communication services, which can be seen as a user with primary data (PD) and weak time-sensitive services such as power quality monitoring, which can be seen as a user with secondary data (SD). To fit the diversity of services in smart distribution grids (SDGs), we formulate an optimization problem with two indicators, including the sum of SD transmission rates and the maximum latency of them. Then, we analyze the two convex sub-problems and utilize convex optimization methods to obtain the optimal power and frequency bandwidth allocation for the users with SD. The simulation results indicate that, when the available transmission power of SD is low, <em>Maximization of Transmission Sum Rate</em> (MTSR) achieves lower maximum transmit time. Conversely, when the available transmission power is high, the performance of <em>Minimization of the Maximum Latency</em> (MML) is better, compared with MTSR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100605,"journal":{"name":"High-Confidence Computing","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667295224000011/pdfft?md5=1b5e9cb9577d5d4bd670a7738919fe96&pid=1-s2.0-S2667295224000011-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139632186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yifei Zou , Li Yang , Guanlin Jing , Ruirui Zhang , Zhenzhen Xie , Huiqun Li , Dongxiao Yu
{"title":"A survey of fault tolerant consensus in wireless networks","authors":"Yifei Zou , Li Yang , Guanlin Jing , Ruirui Zhang , Zhenzhen Xie , Huiqun Li , Dongxiao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wireless networks have become integral to modern communication systems, enabling the seamless exchange of information across a myriad of applications. However, the inherent characteristics of wireless channels, such as fading, interference, and openness, pose significant challenges to achieving fault-tolerant consensus within these networks. Fault-tolerant consensus, a critical aspect of distributed systems, ensures that network nodes collectively agree on a consistent value even in the presence of faulty or compromised components. This survey paper provides a comprehensive overview of fault-tolerant consensus mechanisms specifically tailored for wireless networks. We explore the diverse range of consensus protocols and techniques that have been developed to address the unique challenges of wireless environments. The paper systematically categorizes these consensus mechanisms based on their underlying principles, communication models, and fault models. It investigates how these mechanisms handle various types of faults, including communication errors, node failures, and malicious attacks. It highlights key use cases, such as sensor networks, Internet of Things (IoT) applications, wireless blockchain, and vehicular networks, where fault-tolerant consensus plays a pivotal role in ensuring reliable and accurate data dissemination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100605,"journal":{"name":"High-Confidence Computing","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667295224000059/pdfft?md5=7d04cf1493be0e5575ab310a74881d83&pid=1-s2.0-S2667295224000059-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Outlier item detection in bundle recommendation via the attention mechanism","authors":"Yuan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bundle recommendation offers users more holistic insights by recommending multiple compatible items at once. However, the intricate correlations between items, varied user preferences, and the pronounced data sparsity in combinations present significant challenges for bundle recommendation algorithms. Furthermore, current bundle recommendation methods fail to identify mismatched items within a given set, a process termed as “outlier item detection”. These outlier items are those with the weakest correlations within a bundle. Identifying them can aid users in refining their item combinations. While the correlation among items can predict the detection of such outliers, the adaptability of combinations might not be adequately responsive to shifts in individual items during the learning phase. This limitation can hinder the algorithm’s performance. To tackle these challenges, we introduce an encoder–decoder architecture tailored for outlier item detection. The encoder learns potential item correlations through a self-attention mechanism. Concurrently, the decoder garners efficient inference frameworks by directly assessing item anomalies. We have validated the efficacy and efficiency of our proposed algorithm using real-world datasets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100605,"journal":{"name":"High-Confidence Computing","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667295224000035/pdfft?md5=efa091405aad1bbcc69d7febeec7012b&pid=1-s2.0-S2667295224000035-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139393106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Food safety testing by negentropy-sorted kernel independent component analysis based on infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Jing Liu, Limiao Deng, Zhongzhi Han","doi":"10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the field of food safety testing, variety, brand, origin, and adulteration are four important factors. In this study, a novel food safety testing method based on infrared spectroscopy is proposed to investigate these factors. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data are analyzed using negentropy-sorted kernel independent component analysis (NS-kICA) as the feature optimization method. To rank the components, negentropy is performed to measure the non-Gaussian independent components. In our experiment, the proposed method was run on four datasets to comprehensively investigate the variety, brand, origin, and adulteration of agricultural products. The experimental results show that NS-kICA outperforms conventional feature selection methods. The support vector machine model outperforms the backpropagation artificial neural network and partial least squares models. The combination of NS-kICA and support vector machine (SVM) is the best method for achieving high, stable, and efficient recognition performance. These findings are of great importance for food safety testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100605,"journal":{"name":"High-Confidence Computing","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667295223000958/pdfft?md5=b8bd33e2cea03cbd8890ca8538dee20c&pid=1-s2.0-S2667295223000958-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A hierarchical byzantine fault tolerance consensus protocol for the Internet of Things","authors":"Rongxin Guo , Zhenping Guo , Zerui Lin , Wenxian Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The inefficiency of Consensus protocols is a significant impediment to blockchain and IoT convergence development. To solve the problems like inefficiency and poor dynamics of the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) in IoT scenarios, a hierarchical consensus protocol called DCBFT is proposed. Above all, we propose an improved k-sums algorithm to build a two-level consensus cluster, achieving an hierarchical management for IoT devices. Next, A scalable two-level consensus protocol is proposed, which uses a multi-primary node mechanism to solve the single-point-of-failure problem. In addition, a data synchronization process is introduced to ensure the consistency of block data after view changes. Finally, A dynamic reputation evaluation model is introduced to update the nodes’ reputation values and complete the rotation of consensus nodes at the end of each consensus round. The experimental results show that DCBFT has a more robust dynamic and higher consensus efficiency. Moreover, After running for some time, the performance of DCBFT shows some improvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100605,"journal":{"name":"High-Confidence Computing","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667295223000946/pdfft?md5=319d5156a64f46754b47a19c3c570818&pid=1-s2.0-S2667295223000946-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing a reliable route protocol for mobile self-organization networks","authors":"Shaohu Li, Bei Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which correspond to a novel wireless technology, are widely used in Internet of Things (IoT) systems such as drones, wireless sensor networks, and military or disaster relief communication. From the perspective of communication and data collection, the success rate of collaborations between nodes in mobile ad hoc networks and reliability of data collection mainly depend on whether the nodes in the network operate normally, namely, according to the established network rules. However, mobile ad hoc networks are vulnerable to attacks targeting transmission channels and nodes owing to their dynamic evolution, openness, and distributed characteristics. Therefore, during the network operation, it is necessary to classify and detect the behavior and characteristics of each node. However, most existing research only analyzes and considers responses against a single or small number of attacks. To address these issues, this article first systematically analyzed and classified common active attacks in MANETs. Then, a node trust model was proposed based on the characteristics of various attacks; subsequently, a new secure routing protocol, namely, TC-AODV, was proposed. This protocol has minimal effect on the original communication dynamics and can effectively deal with Packet drop, wormhole, Session hijacking, and other main attacks in MANETs. The NS3 simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol attains good transmission performance, can effectively identify various attacks and bypass malicious nodes, and securely complete the communication process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100605,"journal":{"name":"High-Confidence Computing","volume":"4 3","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667295223000922/pdfft?md5=53b7d00856a2e91f112b906eb37efea9&pid=1-s2.0-S2667295223000922-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fog-computing based mobility and resource management for resilient mobile networks","authors":"Hang Zhao, Shengling Wang, Hongwei Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mobile networks are facing unprecedented challenges due to the traits of large scale, heterogeneity, and high mobility. Fortunately, the emergence of fog computing offers surprisingly perfect solutions considering the features of consumer proximity, wide-spread geographical distribution, and elastic resource sharing. In this paper, we propose a novel mobile networking framework based on fog computing which outperforms others in resilience. Our scheme is constituted of two parts: the personalized customization mobility management (MM) and the market-driven resource management (RM). The former provides a dynamically customized MM framework for any specific mobile node to optimize the handoff performance according to its traffic and mobility traits; the latter makes room for economic tussles to find out the competitive service providers offering a high level of service quality at sound prices. Synergistically, our proposed MM and RM schemes can holistically support a full-fledged resilient mobile network, which has been practically corroborated by numerical experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100605,"journal":{"name":"High-Confidence Computing","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667295223000910/pdfft?md5=14166eeafd4e4d042e4b4bbd39b389c3&pid=1-s2.0-S2667295223000910-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139297389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi , Ganesh Keshaorao Yenurkar
{"title":"Anonymity preserving lightweight authentication protocol for resource-limited wireless sensor networks","authors":"Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi , Ganesh Keshaorao Yenurkar","doi":"10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hcc.2023.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wireless sensor networks have been deployed in areas such as healthcare, military, transportation and home automation to collect data and forward it to remote users for further processing. Since open wireless communication channels are utilized for data transmissions, the exchanged messages are vulnerable to various threats such as eavesdropping and message falsifications. Therefore, many security solutions have been introduced to address these challenges. However, the resource-constrained nature of the sensor nodes makes it inefficient to deploy the conventional security schemes which require long keys for improved security. Therefore, lightweight authentication protocols have been presented. Unfortunately, majority of these schemes are still insecure while others incur relatively higher energy, computation, communication and storage complexities. In this paper, a protocol that deploys only lightweight one-way hashing and exclusive OR operations is presented. Its formal security analysis using Real-or Random (ROR) model demonstrates its capability to uphold the security of the derived session keys. In addition, its semantic security evaluation shows that it offers user privacy, anonymity, untraceability, authentication, session key agreement and key secrecy. Moreover, it is shown to resist attacks such as side-channeling, physical capture, eavesdropping, offline guessing, spoofing, password loss, session key disclosure, forgery and impersonations. In terms of performance, it has relatively lower communication overheads and improves the computation costs and supported security characteristics by 31.56% and 33.33% respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100605,"journal":{"name":"High-Confidence Computing","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667295223000764/pdfft?md5=d761183b678601441d00478ed3ce897b&pid=1-s2.0-S2667295223000764-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139303979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}