Green Energy and Resources最新文献

{"title":"Advances in CaO-based catalysts for sustainable biodiesel synthesis","authors":"Siri Fung Basumatary ,&nbsp;Sona Brahma ,&nbsp;Mainul Hoque ,&nbsp;Basanta Kumar Das ,&nbsp;Manickam Selvaraj ,&nbsp;Sujata Brahma ,&nbsp;Sanjay Basumatary","doi":"10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is no longer unfamiliar to the world that usage of fossil-derived fuel is accompanied by several downsides, including environmental fatality associated with toxic gas emissions from diesel engines and the recurring surging price of diesel fuel. The concern regarding the exploitation of natural resources and subsequent environmental threats has caught the attention of all nations. Therefore, scientists have stepped forward to come up with the most suitable alternative to conventional diesel fuel. They utilized abundance of oil feedstocks and performed transesterification reactions with short-chain alcohols to produce less toxic, eco-friendly diesel fuel termed biodiesel which was considered to be a viable substitute. In order to carry out the transesterification reaction feasibly, certain homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts were employed. Heterogeneous catalysts got more recognition among researchers; however, many of these catalysts did not attain large-scale production. Among many heterogeneous catalysts, calcium oxide (CaO) appeared to be one of the most suitable heterogeneous solid base catalysts for biodiesel synthesis. CaO can be derived chemically as well as from natural sources such as chicken eggshells, snail shells, biont shells and many more. CaO exhibits high catalytic activity to perform transesterification reactions. Additionally, CaO is a cheap and eco-friendly catalyst that can also be used as support material for various catalyst systems. Constructing effective CaO-based catalysts for industrial biodiesel production unlock the scope for process advancements in this area. This paper aims to review the catalytic performances of recently reported CaO as heterogeneous solid-base catalytic systems for the production of biodiesel. Moreover, the catalyst preparation conditions, various reaction parameters, properties of biodiesel obtained, advantages and disadvantages, life cycle assessment, and circular economy are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100597,"journal":{"name":"Green Energy and Resources","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on in-situ deoxygenation performance of bio-oil model compound guaiacol over Ce-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst","authors":"Meiling Yang ,&nbsp;Yanming Chen ,&nbsp;Yong Wang ,&nbsp;Laishun Yang ,&nbsp;Weiwei Cui ,&nbsp;Yanhui Liu ,&nbsp;Cuiping Wang ,&nbsp;Qun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The investigation of the low-cost deoxygenation of guaiacol (GUA, a model bio-oil compound) is of importance for upgrading bio-oil. At present, common sulfide catalysts for GUA deoxygenation reactions cause contamination of the liquid product, and noble metal catalysts are economically disadvantageous. In this study, four reduced Fe-based oxides with different Ce doping ratios were prepared and their effects on the in-situ deoxygenation performance of GUA in aqueous/methanol hydrogen donor solvents were explored. The results based on the deoxygenation degree, conversion degree, and higher heating value (HHV) of the products showed that the oxide catalyst with a Fe/Ce molar ratio of 2:1 in the methanol solvent performed very well. After selecting an excellent catalyst and a better hydrogen donor solvent, four factors (reaction temperature, reaction time, volume ratio of GUA dosage and methanol dosage, and the ratio of catalyst dosage at the bottom of the reactor to that at the top) in the deoxygenation degree of GUA were investigated using an orthogonal experimental method to further explore the performance of the catalyst. The results showed that the reaction temperature and time greatly influenced GUA deoxygenation. Under optimal experimental conditions, the deoxygenation degree and conversion degree of GUA could reach 34.36% and 92.56%, respectively, based on the relative peak area of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the HHV of the liquid product was 32.27 MJ/kg. Although Fe/Ce catalysts mainly promote demethoxylation, demethylation, and methylation, the stability and quality of the liquid products were improved compared with GUA owing to the reduction in phenolic hydroxyl and ether content. The reduced catalyst in the process of GUA in-situ deoxygenation reactions in methanol maintained a steady performance, as revealed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100597,"journal":{"name":"Green Energy and Resources","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49843178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New solar-biomass assisted thermophotovoltaic system and parametrical analysis","authors":"Shiquan Shan ,&nbsp;Siqi Jia ,&nbsp;Haojin Wu ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongxun Hui ,&nbsp;Zhijun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a new technical route of solar-biomass assisted thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system for power generation which uses renewable fuel and contributes to carbon neutrality. Here, a thermophysics model is established for solar-biomass assisted TPV based on energy-balance principle. The effects of some key parameters on the new system performance are investigated, including concentrate ratio, emitter area, biomass fuels, etc. Besides, biomass fuel saving after adding solar energy is investigated. The results show that the solar-biomass assisted TPV system can not only increase the output power of photovoltaic cells by more than 10 kW/m² compared to biomass-driven TPV but also increase the electrical efficiency by nearly 10 percentage points. It is pointed out that improving the absorptance of solar absorber is the key for system optimization. Furthermore, the annual performance analysis shows that it also saves biomass fuel by up to 60% in one year. This study provides a reference for the design and application of renewable TPV technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100597,"journal":{"name":"Green Energy and Resources","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49880573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies of thermodynamic alternation on organic hydrogen carriers for hydrogen storage application: A review","authors":"Khai Chen Tan ,&nbsp;Yong Shen Chua ,&nbsp;Teng He ,&nbsp;Ping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An explosion of interest has arisen using organic-based materials, specifically cyclic organic hydrogen carriers for hydrogen storage due to their high hydrogen storage capacity, high volumetric energy density, reversibility, and non-toxicity. However, the unfavourable thermodynamic properties and high kinetic barriers of hydrogen desorption from these cyclic organic hydrogen carriers make them to be difficult in large-scale applications. In the past decades, tremendous efforts have been devoted to tailor both thermodynamic and kinetic properties of hydrogen absorption and desorption from such materials. Therefore, in this review, methods of fabrication of new materials in order to modify the dehydrogenation thermodynamic properties are discussed, which include the fusion of multiple organic rings, attachment of electron-donating substituents, incorporation of N/O/S atom into the aromatic rings, and introduction of alkali or alkaline earth metals to replace the protic H atom of O–H or N–H groups. Additionally, demonstrations for potential applications via using organic hydrogen carriers such as toluene, N-ethylcarbazole, and dibenzyl toluene are also described. The challenges and perspectives for the cyclic organic hydrogen storage materials are discussed at the end. It is expected that this review could provide new inspiration to expedite the development of cyclic organic hydrogen carriers with high hydrogen capacity and optimum thermodynamics for hydrogen storage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100597,"journal":{"name":"Green Energy and Resources","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49843173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationally designed tungsten trioxide nanosheets for high-efficiency aqueous battery application","authors":"Jinbin Luo ,&nbsp;Sheng Qiu ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Benjamin Tawiah ,&nbsp;Bin Fei ,&nbsp;Hao Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aqueous battery (AB) with non-metallic charging carriers is a viable candidate for grid energy storage devices owing to its comparatively low cost and high safety. However, developing practical electrode materials with remarkable electrochemical performance remains a great challenge. In this study, tungsten trioxide nanosheets (WONSs) with one-dimensional tunnels were facilely synthesized through a hydrothermal reaction. When used as the cathode material in aqueous batteries, the as-prepared WONS exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability and impressively high rate capability due to the nearly zero-strain structural characteristics of super-fast proton storage. Notably, a stable cycling performance with 89% capacity retention after 10000 cycles was achieved with an increased mass loading of WONS at around 12 mg cm⁻². Our work points to a new direction of promoting high-efficiency AB applications with protons as charge carriers in a mild electrolyte.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100597,"journal":{"name":"Green Energy and Resources","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49843177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lattice Boltzmann simulation of cathode catalyst layer degradation on transport reaction process within a proton exchange membrane fuel cell","authors":"Yulin Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangling Liao ,&nbsp;Haokai Xu ,&nbsp;Wei He ,&nbsp;Hua Li ,&nbsp;Lei Xing ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The degradation of the catalyst layer significantly affects the gas transport and electrochemical processes in the porous electrodes, thus affecting the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To reveal the catalyst layer degradation impact, the microscopic porous structure of the cathode catalyst layer was reconstructed by a random algorithm in this work. Consequently, Lattice Boltzmann method was used to study the oxygen transport and electrochemical reaction processes at the limiting current density condition with considering the degradation of platinum, carbon particles, and ionomers under uniform and exponential degradation rates, respectively. The results reveal that the degradation of platinum reduces the reaction sites in the catalyst layer, thus deteriorating the electrochemical kinetics and lowering the total reaction rate. On the contrary, the degradation of carbon and ionomer shows two diametrically opposed effects. On the one hand, the oxygen transport is improved due to carbon and ionomer degradation, especially for ionomer degradation, thereby accelerating the total reaction rate. On the other hand, the degradation of carbon and ionomer triggers the detachment of platinum particles, leading to a decrease in reaction rate. In the early stages of the multi-component simultaneous degradation process, the total reaction rate is prohibited by oxygen transport limitation inside the catalyst layer; as the degradation degree increases, the oxygen transport through the ionomer films is enhanced and the electrochemical kinetics becomes the rate determining factor, especially for exponential degradation rate. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the oxygen transport and electrochemical reaction within the catalyst layers with respect to different degrees of catalyst layer degradation, which can guide the design of high-performance anti-degradation catalyst layers for the next generation of fuel cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100597,"journal":{"name":"Green Energy and Resources","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49843179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of imidazolium ionic liquid-based phase change materials for low and medium temperatures thermal energy storage and their applications","authors":"Qi Li ,&nbsp;Shaohui Wang ,&nbsp;Meimei Zhou ,&nbsp;Xuekun Lu ,&nbsp;Geng Qiao ,&nbsp;Chuan Li ,&nbsp;Yuting Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The application of ionic liquids (ILs) in the field of thermal energy storage is attracting increasing attention owing to their thermophysical properties, such as an adjustable phase change temperature, low flammability/volatility, and good thermal and chemical stability. A recent utilization was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which employed eutectic phase change materials (PCMs) composed of functional ILs to manage the extreme space environment (solar radiation and extreme cold/hot) of crewed spacecraft for future deep exploration. While the concept of storing latent heat during the ILs' phase transition is not new, large-scale applications employing this concept have not yet realized their full potential. In addition, although a considerable amount of review has been published for traditional PCMs, the information on ILs and their application remain unsystematic; thus, benefits such as structural alterations to cations and anions for tunable chemical and phase properties are long-term neglected in the field of thermal energy storage. This review aims to provide the necessary information on the choice of well-studied ILs and promote further research in this field. This review first discusses the defects of traditional PCMs, followed by reviewing and summarizing the commonly used ILs in terms of their chemical structure, phase transition mechanisms, and thermophysical properties. Finally, the applications of ILs-based PCMs are introduced in detail, and existing problems, solutions, and future research directions are proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100597,"journal":{"name":"Green Energy and Resources","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49843176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic utilization of blast furnace slag with other industrial solid wastes in cement and concrete industry: Synergistic mechanisms, applications, and challenges","authors":"Qingsen Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Liu ,&nbsp;Zengqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Wei ,&nbsp;Chunbao (Charles) Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) is widely used in cement and concrete industries due to its excellent hydration properties. However, there is a huge capacity gap between the steel industry and the cement industry, and hence, the supply of GBFS can hardly meet the demand. At present, few studies have focused on the preparation of cementitious materials with GBFS-like properties, and a detailed summary of the mechanisms is lacking. This review summarizes the physical and chemical properties of GBFS and comprehensively discusses the hydration process in cement. In addition, the synergistic effects between GBFS and solid wastes (red mud, steel slag, gypsum and fly ash) were analyzed in detail. Based on the analysis of this work, there are four synergistic mechanisms among them. Moreover, a method for using solid wastes as raw materials to produce composite GBFS is proposed. It is beneficial to valorize various industrial solid wastes, promote cross-industry cooperation and alleviate the demand of the cement industry for high-quality GBFS. Although it is a theoretically possible method, there are still some problems that need to be solved, such as the lack of uniform quality and environmental standards. This work can provide useful advice for the preparation of composite GBFS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100597,"journal":{"name":"Green Energy and Resources","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49843174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogel-based solar-driven interfacial evaporation: Current progress and future challenges","authors":"Ning An ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Chen ,&nbsp;Qian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solar-driven interfacial evaporation for wastewater purification and seawater desalination is perceived an encouraging strategy to simultaneously address water scarcity and the energy crisis. Hydrogel materials can undertake the crucial tasks of water transport and evaporation based on their well-known hydrophilicity and water retention. In the past few years, on account of its merits of low cost, simple preparation method and low energy consumption, hydrogel-based solar energy water purification technology has gradually turned into a research hotspot. This article systematically introduces the latest progress in the field of solar evaporation using hydrogel materials. Three aspects are discussed, including various photothermal materials, different evaporation systems and practical applications. Finally, the challenges in the current development process of solar evaporation technology are analyzed, and the countermeasures are put forward.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100597,"journal":{"name":"Green Energy and Resources","volume":"1 2","pages":"Article 100011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49843175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on fermentation gas combustion with hydrogen addition under various throttle openings","authors":"Hongliang Luo ,&nbsp;Meiqi Yu ,&nbsp;Chang Zhai ,&nbsp;Yanzhao An ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Keiya Nishida","doi":"10.1016/j.gerr.2022.100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerr.2022.100003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Regional energy systems are designed to contribute to a green and “carbon neutral” economy of localities. In this system, the engine combustion is significant for power generation. Therefore, this study mainly investigated the effect of throttle openings on the combustion characteristics of hydrogen (H₂) and methane (CH₄) mixtures to achieve high efficiency. Throttle opening has a strong relationship with combustion performance, particularly for power output and efficiency. Therefore, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 100% throttle openings were tested to obtain higher efficiency for power generation. Combustion characteristics of CH₄ and CH₄+H₂ were also compared. With H₂ addition, the volume percentage of H₂ varied between 10%, 30%, and 50%. The ratio of air to gas fuel was controlled to determine <em>λ</em> varying from 1.0 to 1.4. Subsequently, the effect of throttle openings under different <em>λ</em> with H₂ addition was examined. Finally, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), power output<em>,</em> brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were compared. Moreover, the maximum value of the cylinder pressure in cycles (<em>P</em>_max) and the coefficient of variation (COV) in <em>P</em>_max were discussed. The results showed that the torque and power output decreased slightly from full throttle opening to 40% throttle opening. The 30% H₂ addition in Case # 5 (full opening under lean-burn conditions) is the best working condition to satisfy both the power generation and energy-saving requirements in this study. Furthermore, <em>P</em>_max decreased with smaller throttle opening, and H₂ addition increased <em>P</em>_max. In addition, H₂ addition decreased COV, but throttle opening had less effect on COV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100597,"journal":{"name":"Green Energy and Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}