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Sustainable management of unavoidable biomass wastes 不可避免的生物质废物的可持续管理

Green Energy and Resources Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100005

Kui Wang , Jefferson William Tester

{"title":"Sustainable management of unavoidable biomass wastes","authors":"Kui Wang , Jefferson William Tester","doi":"10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerr.2023.100005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The growing global population is posing severe stress on the earth's carrying capacity in terms of food, water, and energy supply. Biomass is the only renewable alternative that can be used for energy, liquid fuels, and bio-based materials simultaneously, which makes it an indispensable resource in the near and mid-term future as the world is slowly shifting away from fossil fuels. Wood waste (WW), agricultural waste (AW), food waste (FW), municipal solid waste (MSW), and sewage sludge waste (SSW) are identified as unavoidable biomass wastes because they are directly linked to the food-energy-water nexus core that is essential for the existence and development of human society. Proper management of these unavoidable biomass wastes is one of the significant factors that determine a sustainable future. This review provides a holistic view of unavoidable biomass wastes treatment strategies with a focus on hydrothermal processing (HTP) because most of the unavoidable biomass wastes are intrinsically wet biomass wastes. In addition, key properties of different biomass wastes, commonly used pretreatment methods, and major best available conversion technologies are evaluated for converting biomass wastes into energy, fuels, and products. Finally, options for integrating multiple technologies for the sustainable management of biomass wastes are highlighted, providing a promising road map for future development. The current review suggests that multiple technologies integrated energy systems are the key to sustainable management of unavoidable biomass wastes.</div>","PeriodicalId":100597,"journal":{"name":"Green Energy and Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49877661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Pollution-free recycling of lead and sulfur from spent lead-acid batteries via a facile vacuum roasting route 简易真空焙烧法无公害回收废铅酸电池中的铅和硫

Green Energy and Resources Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerr.2022.100002

Mengmeng Wang , Quanyin Tan , Jiadong Yu , Dong Xia , Wei Zhang , Cong-Cong Zhang , Zhiyuan Zhang , Junxiong Wang , Kang Liu , Jinhui Li

{"title":"Pollution-free recycling of lead and sulfur from spent lead-acid batteries via a facile vacuum roasting route","authors":"Mengmeng Wang , Quanyin Tan , Jiadong Yu , Dong Xia , Wei Zhang , Cong-Cong Zhang , Zhiyuan Zhang , Junxiong Wang , Kang Liu , Jinhui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gerr.2022.100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerr.2022.100002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Traditional pyrometallurgical recovery of spent lead-acid batteries (LABs) requires a temperature higher than 1000 °C, with accompanying hard-to-collect wastes such as lead dust and sulfur oxides. Against this background, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) was proposed as a low-cost, safe, and non-toxic reagent for recycling the high-risk environmental elements lead (Pb) and sulfur (S), in spent LAB lead paste, enabling the one-step conservation of multi-component Pb species, including lead sulfate (PbSO4), metallic lead (Pb), and lead dioxide (PbO2), to lead oxide (PbO) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). The possible reaction pathways of Pb and S species in vacuum roasting was confirmed by Gibbs free energy reaction with an estimated average activation energy of 272.5 kJ/mol. The insoluble PbO in the reaction product (PbO/Na2SO4/Na2CO3) can be recycled by vacuum filtration, while Na2CO3 and Na2SO4 were separated using a carbonation method. Life cycle assessment revealed that for recycling 1.0 t of spent LABs, the vacuum roasting can reduce the carbon footprint −2.1 × 103 kg CO2 eq, promoting global decarbonization. The designed route is highlighted with waste-free production and is outlined by the twelve principles of green chemistry, showing its great engineering application potential for spent LAB recycling.</div>","PeriodicalId":100597,"journal":{"name":"Green Energy and Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"Article 100002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49877658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

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