Grassland Research最新文献

{"title":"Agronomic assessment of two populations of intermediate wheatgrass—Kernza® (Thinopyrum intermedium) in temperate South America","authors":"Andres Locatelli,&nbsp;Lucia Gutierrez,&nbsp;Olivier Duchene,&nbsp;Pablo R. Speranza,&nbsp;Valentin D. Picasso Risso","doi":"10.1002/glr2.12032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/glr2.12032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Kernza® intermediate wheatgrass is a perennial grain and forage crop that can provide several ecosystem services. Major research efforts focused on Kernza have taken place in high latitudes. The goal of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the agronomic performance of Kernza in a low-latitude region with mild winters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A KS-cycle 4 Kernza population (A) was planted in spring in Wisconsin, USA, and selected in one cycle for lower vernalization requirements, obtaining a new population (B). These two populations, at three nitrogen (N) fertilization rates, were evaluated in a full factorial, completely randomized field experiment in Uruguay over 2 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The populations were similar in grain yields and flowering time in the 1st year, but population B had 63% lower grain yield in the 2nd year and 20% lower forage yield throughout the experiment. Increasing the N rate to 160 kg ha⁻¹ led to a 63% increase in grain yield and 28% increase in forage yield across populations. Forage yields and nutritive values were similar to those reported in the northern hemisphere. However, grain yields for both the 1st (316 kg ha⁻¹) and 2nd year (41 kg ha⁻¹) were lower due to reduced flowering and weed competition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Expansion of Kernza to lower-latitude regions will require further breeding to improve reproductive performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100593,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Research","volume":"1 4","pages":"262-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/glr2.12032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86549634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and productivity responses of Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) and Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) ecotypes to simulated grazing in a semi-arid environment","authors":"Bosco Kidake Kisambo,&nbsp;Oliver V. Wasonga,&nbsp;Oscar K. Koech,&nbsp;George N. Karuku","doi":"10.1002/glr2.12033","DOIUrl":"10.1002/glr2.12033","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Livestock production is an economically significant activity in grassland-based production systems with herbivory, a critical process in modifying plant structure and regulating biomass dynamics in these areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A grazing simulation experiment was undertaken in a semi-arid environment in Kenya to determine the effects of clipping frequency and intensity on the morphology and productivity of <i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i> and <i>Panicum maximum</i> grass ecotypes. The ecotypes were clipped at different frequencies (every 2, 4, and 12 weeks) and different intensities (5, 10, and 15 cm clipping heights). The morphological responses of the grass ecotypes and biomass yields were determined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The grass ecotypes showed significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) varied responses to cutting frequency and intensity. Morphological parameters, tillering, and biomass production were all affected by clipping frequency and intensity. The highest dry matter (DM) yields were recorded under low frequency (LF) clipping, followed by moderate frequency (MF) clipping and high frequency (HF) clipping. LF clipping in <i>C. ciliaris</i> ecotype Kilifi was 20% and 31% more compared to MF and HF clipping. No significant difference in yields was found by cutting the <i>C. ciliaris</i> ecotype Magadi at 4- and 12-week intervals, even though clipping at 2-week intervals cumulatively yielded less biomass. There was a biomass yield reduction in <i>P. maximum</i> ecotype Taveta of 23% and 25% for MF and HF clipping, respectively, while for ecotype Isinya, the reduction was 13% and 15% for MF and HF, respectively. Clipping intensity had a significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) effect on cumulative yields in <i>C. ciliaris</i> ecotypes, but not <i>P. maximum</i>. Ecotypic differences were apparent in both <i>C. ciliaris</i> and <i>P. maximum</i> ecotype DM yields.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results in this study suggest that clipping range grass ecotypes less frequently (4- and 12-week intervals) and at 10 and 15 cm stubble heights results in higher biomass yields. Generally, LF and MF grazing and cutting strategies are advantageous for semi-arid lands. Combinations of frequent and high-intensity utilization grazing strategies should be discouraged as they are likely to lead to reduced biomass yields and negative effects both on grasses and on the environment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100593,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Research","volume":"1 4","pages":"290-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/glr2.12033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74399323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in forages","authors":"Qinyan Bao,&nbsp;Tezera W. Wolabu,&nbsp;Qian Zhang,&nbsp;Tian Zhang,&nbsp;Zhipeng Liu,&nbsp;Juan Sun,&nbsp;Zeng-Yu Wang","doi":"10.1002/glr2.12036","DOIUrl":"10.1002/glr2.12036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Genome editing is an advanced genetic modification tool that facilitates the removal, insertion, or substitution of nucleotides in the genome of an organism for mutation induction. CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) is the most widely used genome editing tool that can precisely modify the specific sequence of a genome. Significant progress has been made in the use of CRISPR/Cas9 for the genetic improvement of food crops. However, in forage crops, the use of CRISPR/Cas9 is still in the infant stage with limited understanding and application. This article reviews current advances in the establishment and application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in alfalfa, summarizes the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in several other forage legume and grass species, and discusses the prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 in the genetic improvement of forage crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":100593,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Research","volume":"1 4","pages":"244-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/glr2.12036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85444277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant genome editing: CRISPR, base editing, prime editing, and beyond","authors":"Yujie Xie,&nbsp;Syed Inzimam Ul Haq,&nbsp;Xingyu Jiang,&nbsp;Dianfeng Zheng,&nbsp;Naijie Feng,&nbsp;Wenying Wang,&nbsp;Jin-Sheng He,&nbsp;Quan-Sheng Qiu","doi":"10.1002/glr2.12034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/glr2.12034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system is a fast-growing, genome editing technology that has wide applications in identifying gene functions as well as improving agricultural production and crop breeding. Here, we summarized recent advances in the development and applications of genome editing technologies in plants. We briefly described CRISPR/Cas9 technology and examined the base and prime editing techniques that have been developed from CRISPR technology. Some new prime editing-derived techniques were assessed.</p>","PeriodicalId":100593,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Research","volume":"1 4","pages":"234-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/glr2.12034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87016792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Photothermal controls of vegetative dormancy in Poa secunda","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/glr2.12031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/glr2.12031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chen, A. A., Fei, S.-z., Lenssen, A. W., &amp; Moore, K. J. (2022). Photothermal controls of vegetative dormancy in <i>Poa secunda</i>. <i>Grassland Research</i>, <i>1</i>(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/glr2.12008</p><p>There is an error in Figure 5. The image for Figure 5a is identical to Figure 5c. The corrected Figure 5 is shown below.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":100593,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Research","volume":"1 4","pages":"279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/glr2.12031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137942243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses to defoliation and fertiliser, corm development and chemical control of onion grass (Romulea rosea) in the Mediterranean environment of southern Australia","authors":"Zhongnan Nie,&nbsp;Reto Zollinger,&nbsp;Ralph Behrendt","doi":"10.1002/glr2.12030","DOIUrl":"10.1002/glr2.12030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Onion grass (<i>Romulea rosea</i>) is a common weed that infests native and improved pastures in the Mediterranean environments of southern Australia. It is a very challenging weed to control due to its distinctive growth and survival mechanisms involving corms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three glasshouse experiments were conducted in Australia to investigate the response of onion grass to defoliation and fertiliser application, the development and growth of onion grass corms and the chemical control of the weed in winter and spring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Defoliating consistently to 1 cm above ground reduced corm weight by 84% compared with the control. Medium or high fertiliser application did not increase herbage mass of onion grass compared with the nonfertilised treatment. The corm weight of onion grass declined from Weeks 1 to 8 after emergence, remained at 53–60 mg dry matter (DM) corm⁻¹ from Weeks 8 to 19 and then declined on average to 37 mg DM corm⁻¹ up to Week 26 after emergence. New corms started to develop at Week 6 after emergence. A small proportion of the onion grass plants (7.5%) developed multiple new corms (3–6 corms) from a single old corm. The most effective herbicide control was a winter application of metsulfuron methyl or imazamox as an alternative product to protect clover.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study has identified the growth and development patterns of onion grass corms, how the plant responded to defoliation and fertiliser application and effective chemical control of this weed. These findings have significant practical implications for the improvement of onion grass-infested pastures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100593,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Research","volume":"1 3","pages":"197-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/glr2.12030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82592220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance of different Epichloë sinensis strains on media with different additives","authors":"Pei Tian,&nbsp;Meining Wang,&nbsp;Yang Luo,&nbsp;Xingdi Wang,&nbsp;Wenbo Xu","doi":"10.1002/glr2.12029","DOIUrl":"10.1002/glr2.12029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Epichloë sinensis</i> is a newly found endophyte species that is frequently involved in symbiosis with <i>Festuca sinensis</i>. There are a little reports on the characteristics of <i>E. sinensis</i> <i>in vitro</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present study, five <i>E. sinensis</i> endophyte strains (strain ID 1, 2, 41D, 57D, 111D) isolated from different <i>F. sinensis</i> ecotypes were used to evaluate their antioxidant capacities and enzyme activities. Also, the growth of <i>E. sinensis</i> on potato dextrose agar (PDA) with different additives was investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The five strains had significantly different (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) total antioxidant capacities and radical-scavenging abilities. In most cases, the growth rate of strain 1 was the fastest (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and that of strain 57D was the slowest (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The growth rates of these five strains on PDA with vitamins significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increased with increasing vitamin concentration. The growth rates of these five strains on PDA with plant growth regulators also significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increased; however, the increase was inconsistent at different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellin. Low concentrations (5 and 10 mg L⁻¹) of forchlorfenuron (KT-30) significantly promoted the growth of all five strains, whereas high concentrations (20 and 40 mg L⁻¹) of KT-30 significantly inhibited their growth (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The Na⁺, Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cr⁶⁺ ions all inhibited the growth of these five strains, and their growth rates were significantly decreased with an increase in ion concentrations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Under Na⁺ stress, strain 41D grew the fastest and had the strongest tolerance (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05); under Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cr⁶⁺ stresses, strain 111D grew the fastest and had the strongest tolerance (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicated that the <i>E. sinensis</i> had antioxidant activities and hydrolase activities. Additives could promote or inhibit the growth of the strains in different degrees. All these evaluations in the present study improve our understanding of the <i>E. sinensis</i> endophyte and provide referenced information for further studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100593,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Research","volume":"1 3","pages":"187-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/glr2.12029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86701973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of seasonal forage yield changes of triticale in the southern Great Plains of the United States","authors":"Tadele T. Kumssa,&nbsp;Joshua D. Anderson,&nbsp;James P. Johnson,&nbsp;Shawn Norton,&nbsp;Malay C. Saha,&nbsp;Michael A. Trammell,&nbsp;James K. Rogers,&nbsp;Twain J. Butler,&nbsp;Xue-Feng Ma","doi":"10.1002/glr2.12027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/glr2.12027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The focus of triticale breeding in the southern Great Plains of the United States has been to increase forage yield for autumn–winter seasons when most other forage species are dormant. This study aims to estimate the trends of seasonal yield changes over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Yield trials had been conducted in a randomized complete block design for up to two decades. Seasonal yield changes over time were estimated using linear regression analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis revealed a significant positive relation between autumn forage yield (relative to common checks) and calendar years when the trials were conducted. The estimated improvement of autumn forage yield was about 1.9% per year on medium and heavy soil at Ardmore, Oklahoma, and about 5.4% per year on light soil at Burneyville, Oklahoma. However, winter forage yield change was minimal and the spring forage yield increase was negative, although this decline was not significant. Total forage yield improvements were about 0.6% and 0.7% per year at Ardmore and Burneyville, respectively. Similar results were also observed when years of cultivars' introduction were used instead.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicate a significant gain in autumn forage yield, but a minor gain in the total forage yield due to the yield tradeoff between the autumn and spring seasons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100593,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Research","volume":"1 3","pages":"166-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/glr2.12027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90089608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forage production and persistence characteristics of grazed native warm-season grass mixtures with or without nitrogen fertilizer","authors":"Caroline Nicole Chappell,&nbsp;Marty Landon Marks,&nbsp;Katie Michelle Mason,&nbsp;Liliane Severino da Silva,&nbsp;Joshua Luke Jacobs,&nbsp;Mary Kimberly Mullenix,&nbsp;Sandra Leanne Dillard,&nbsp;Russell Brian Muntifering","doi":"10.1002/glr2.12028","DOIUrl":"10.1002/glr2.12028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Native warm-season grass (NWSG) mixtures may provide a low-nitrogen (N)-input summer perennial forage option to extensively managed forage–livestock systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mixed pastures of big bluestem (<i>Andropogon gerardii</i> Vitman), little bluestem (<i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i> Michx.), and indiangrass (<i>Sorghastrum nutans</i> L.) fertilized with 0 or 67 kg N ha⁻¹ were continuously stocked with beef heifers and cows. Forage mass, nutritive value, and canopy heights were determined every 2 weeks during the grazing season. Stand persistence measures included the canopy cover and leaf area index (LAI) and plant crown density at spring emergence following 3 years of grazing management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forage mass, canopy height, and stocking densities were greater for N-fertilized NWSG than unfertilized NWSG for the first 30 days of the growing season across the 3-year study. Forage NWSG fertilized with N had a greater decrease in LAI during the growing season (51% decrease) than unfertilized NWSG. Spring NWSG plant density estimates following 3 years of grazing did not differ across N management strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forage NWSG mixtures supported superior forage attributes and greater stocking densities early in the grazing season under low-level N than zero-N-input systems and may provide a low-N-input alternative for improved species use in southeastern US forage–livestock systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100593,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Research","volume":"1 3","pages":"157-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/glr2.12028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91456156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of herbivores in the grassland carbon budget for Three-Rivers Headwaters region, Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China","authors":"Junbang Wang,&nbsp;Xinquan Zhao,&nbsp;Xihuang Ouyang,&nbsp;Liang Zhao,&nbsp;Wenying Wang,&nbsp;Chan Zuo,&nbsp;Zhenhua Zhang,&nbsp;Huakun Zhou,&nbsp;Alan Watson,&nbsp;Yingnian Li","doi":"10.1002/glr2.12025","DOIUrl":"10.1002/glr2.12025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An accurate assessment of the carbon budget is a crucial part of projecting future climate change and its impact on ecosystems. Grasslands foster multiple ecological functions including support for wild animals and livestocks. Herbivores intake forage biomass carbon, then digest and metabolize, and finally retain some carbon. The carbon processes have not been well quantified, resulting in uncertainties in the estimation of regional carbon budgets for grassland ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An animal metabolic carbon flux model was developed for herbivores in the Three-Rivers Headwaters region of China. The forage intake and metabolic carbon rates were estimated through metabolic body weight and daily digested measures for the main herbivore species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The carbon intake was 5.52 Tg C year⁻¹ (45%) from partial aboveground biomass (12.2 Tg C year⁻¹), in which 39.31% was released into the atmosphere by respiration CO₂, 43.77% was returned to the ecosystem as feces and urine, and 16.96% was retained in herbivores for population regeneration or for human well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study, as the first research on this topic, quantified the carbon flux of herbivores and found livestock accounts for a major part of consumed carbon on grasslands, which is important for understanding regional carbon budgets to mitigate and adapt to climate change over grasslands worldwide.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100593,"journal":{"name":"Grassland Research","volume":"1 3","pages":"207-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/glr2.12025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86488926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}