{"title":"Pathogenesis and endoscopic treatment of gastroparesis","authors":"Ying Wu, Ni Xie, Yineng Yu, Baiwen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gande.2022.11.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gande.2022.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gastroparesis is a common functional disorder characterized by chronic upper gastrointestinal symptoms and objective evidence of non-mechanically obstructive delayed gastric emptying. Oxidative stress and inflammation are the core mechanisms of gastroparesis, and it has pathological changes such as loss of Interstitial Cajal Cell (ICC), decreased innervation, immune infiltration, and myofibrosis. In recent years, there has been innovation and development in endoscopic treatment of gastroparesis, among which G-POEM has shown good clinical efficacy. Other endoscopic treatments, such as gastric electrical stimulation, intra-pyloric botulinum toxin injection, pyloric stenting, gastrostomy or anastomosis, also contribute to improving delayed gastric emptying and alleviating symptoms of gastroparesis. This article reviews the physiological changes and pathological mechanisms of gastroparesis and the latest progress in treatment. The review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of current endoscopic therapies and explore possible improvements in the treatment of gastroparesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100571,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Endoscopy","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 110-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49860258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A tale of gastroenterology & endoscopy: It was the best of times","authors":"Lianyong Li, Jun Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.gande.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gande.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100571,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Endoscopy","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lu Wang , Bofu Tang , Feifei Liu, Zhenyu Jiang, Xianmei Meng
{"title":"The diagnostic utility of endocytoscopy for the detection of esophageal lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Lu Wang , Bofu Tang , Feifei Liu, Zhenyu Jiang, Xianmei Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.gande.2023.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gande.2023.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To systematically evaluate the value of endocytoscopy (ECS) in the diagnosis of early esophageal cancer (EC).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Pubmed, Ovid and EMbase databases were searched to collect diagnostic tests of ECS assisted diagnosis of early EC. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to August 2022. Review manager 5.4, Stata 16.0 and Meta-Disc 1.4 were used for meta-analysis after two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the bias risk of included studies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 7 studies were included, including 520 lesions. Meta-analysis results showed that the combined sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and positive posterior probability (PPP) of ECS screening for early EC were 0.95 [95%<em>CI</em>: 0.84, 0.98], 0.92 [95%<em>CI</em>: 0.83, 0.96], 11.8 [95%<em>CI</em>: 5.3, 26.1], 0.06 [95%<em>CI</em>: 0.02, 0.18], 203 [95%<em>CI</em>: 50, 816], and 75%, respectively. The area (AUC) under the summary receiver Operating Characteristic curve (SROC) was 0.98 [95%<em>CI</em>: 0.96, 0.99].</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Current evidence suggests that ECS can be used as an effective screening tool for early EC. Due to the limited number and quality of included studies, it is imperative to conduct more high-quality studies to verify the above conclusions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100571,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Endoscopy","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Super minimally invasive surgery: New directions and new goals","authors":"Enqiang Linghu","doi":"10.1016/j.gande.2022.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gande.2022.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The advancement of medicine is changing with each passing day, and the surgical mode is constantly bringing forth the new. At present, the surgical mode is developing from traditional open surgery and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) to super minimally invasive surgery (SMIS). Treatment concept of traditional surgery is based on the removal of the lesions and partial or complete involved organs, and the reconstruction of normal anatomical structure is bound to have an important negative impact on human body. Under the guidance of SMIS, the lesions are removed while the integrity of organ anatomy is preserved, so as to achieve the goal of \"curing the disease and recovering as before\". SMIS points out the direction for the development of surgery in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100571,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Endoscopy","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent progress in gut microbiota","authors":"Danying Cheng, Huichun Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.gande.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gande.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There are hundreds of millions of microorganisms in the human intestines, and the unity of the interaction between intestinal microbiota and their hosts is called intestinal microecology. Intestinal microecology involves in many physiological processes, such as metabolism and immune regulation, directly affecting human health. Besides digestive tract diseases, the imbalance in intestinal microecology has also been identified as closely associated with the occurrence and development of liver diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic-related diseases, and neurological and psychiatric diseases. Microecological therapeutic strategies targeting intestinal microbiota are a potential novel treatment for various chronic diseases. This paper reviewed the research progress in intestinal microecology in recent years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100571,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Endoscopy","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji Liu, Ming Sun, Weiwu Fang, Changqing Zhong, Xuewu Xu, Yan Lv, Lin Zhao, Qiang Li, Ying Zhang, Ming Zou, Yong Wang, Xiaochen Wang
{"title":"Comparison of the effects of etomidate combined with sufentanil, fentanyl, or dezocine on the consciousness index and adverse reactions for painless gastroscopy: A randomized controlled single-blinded pilot study","authors":"Ji Liu, Ming Sun, Weiwu Fang, Changqing Zhong, Xuewu Xu, Yan Lv, Lin Zhao, Qiang Li, Ying Zhang, Ming Zou, Yong Wang, Xiaochen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gande.2022.11.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gande.2022.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To use etomidate in combination with different opioids (sufentanil, fentanyl, and dezocine) to compare several anesthesia options from the aspects of the patient's index of consciousness (IoC).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a prospective pilot study of consecutive patients who were scheduled for elective painless gastroscopy at PLA Strategic Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China, between December 2020 and May 2022. The patients were randomized to control (etomidate), S (sufentanil + etomidate), F (fentanyl + etomidate), and D (dezocine + etimidate). IoC was measured before anesthesia (T1), opioids (T2), etomidate (T3), the start of endoscopy (T4), drug withdrawal (T5), OAA/S > 2 (T6), and OAA/S > 4) (T7). The primary outcome was the observation of IoC at T6 and T7. The adverse reaction and recovery time were secondary outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>With 20 patients in each group, there were no differences in the operation and awakening times among the four groups (P > 0.05). Compared with group C, the IoC values of groups S and F at T5, T6, and T7 were increased after drug administration (P < 0.05), with intragroup differences (P < 0.001). Compared with group C, the IoC values of groups S, F, and D were higher at T6 and T7 (P<sub>S-T6</sub> = 0.003, P<sub>F-T6</sub> = 0.013, P<sub>D-T6</sub> = 0.015; P<sub>S-T7</sub> = 0.015, P<sub>F-T7</sub> = 0.040, P<sub>D-T7</sub> = 0.028). There were differences in nausea and vomiting between groups D and C (P<sub>D-C</sub> = 0.044) and myoclonus (P<sub>S</sub>–<sub>C</sub><img>P<sub>F-C</sub><0.001, and P<sub>D-C</sub><0.001). SpO2 <90% (two cases in group S and one in group F) were observed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>IoC value has a good correlation with OAA/S score, which can accurately monitor the effect of etomidate combined with opioids on the depth of anesthesia of patients undergoing painless gastroscopic anesthesia.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><p>ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000040927. Registered December 16, 2020 –Prospective registration, <span>http://www.chictr.org.cn/</span><svg><path></path></svg>ChiCTR2000040927.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100571,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Endoscopy","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 18-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuling Wu , Liu Yang , Xiaoyue Bi , Yanjie Lin , Wen Deng , Tingting Jiang , Minghui Li , Yao Xie
{"title":"Attach importance to antiviral therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma caused by hepatitis virus","authors":"Shuling Wu , Liu Yang , Xiaoyue Bi , Yanjie Lin , Wen Deng , Tingting Jiang , Minghui Li , Yao Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.gande.2022.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gande.2022.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide that seriously threatens human health. Chronic infection of hepatitis virus B, C and D is closely related to the occurrence of HCC, about 80% HCC cases are caused by chronic viral hepatitis. Effective antiviral therapy can control liver inflammation, reduce the occurrence of HCC and reduce the recurrence of HCC after surgery treatment. In addition, during chemotherapy such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), targeted therapy and immunotherapy for HCC, antiviral therapy is also needed to prevent hepatitis virus reactivation. Therefore, antiviral therapy plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of HCC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100571,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Endoscopy","volume":"1 1","pages":"Pages 5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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