Franklin Open最新文献

{"title":"Robust finite-time almost passivity and practical finite-time stability of uncertain switched nonlinear systems","authors":"Xuelian Gao ,&nbsp;Hongbo Pang ,&nbsp;Chensong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the robust finite-time almost passivity and practical finite-time stability of a class of switched nonlinear systems with the structural uncertainties are investigated. First, multiple storage functions are adopted to characterize robust finite-time almost passivity property of uncertain switched nonlinear systems, which only requires each subsystem to be passive outside a ball on its active interval. Then, based on the proposed almost passivity concept, practical finite-time stability is obtained. Second, a switching law dependent on states is adopted to make the system robust finite-time almost passive. Third, robust finite-time almost passification is achieved by designing a switching law dependent on the states and a set of robust controllers. The advantage of the designed switching law is that the adjacent storage functions are allowed to increase at each switching point. Finally, an example is provided to verify the validity of the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100554,"journal":{"name":"Franklin Open","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fighting typhoid fever: Modeling antibiotic resistance and antibiotic switching","authors":"Maria M. Shaale ,&nbsp;Josiah Mushanyu ,&nbsp;Farai Nyabadza ,&nbsp;Samuel M. Nuugulu","doi":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Typhoid fever continues to be a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries where the sanitation infrastructure is inadequate. The rise in resistance to typhoid drugs has made treatment increasingly challenging, resulting in longer recovery times and continued transmission of the disease within households and communities. This growing resistance underscores the urgent need for improved treatment strategies and public health intervention. In this study, we presented a mathematical model of typhoid fever that incorporates antibiotic resistance and the implementation of antibiotic switching as a control strategy. The model considers individuals infected with typhoid antibiotic sensitive strains and typhoid antibiotic resistant strain. The effects of antibiotic switching, which involves transitioning patients between different antibiotics, are modeled to study its impact on the prevalence of resistant and sensitive strains. The model is analyzed and the model reproduction number, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, is found to be the sum of two reproduction numbers <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> representing the contribution of the sensitive and resistant strains, respectively. The stability analysis indicates that the disease-free equilibrium is stable when the model reproduction number is less than one, suggesting the possibility of eradicating the disease under effective control measures. In contrast, the endemic equilibrium remains stable when the reproduction number exceeds one, indicating persistent infection levels. Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify critical parameters that influence the persistence of typhoid in the population. Numerical simulations are performed to support the theoretical findings. The results obtained demonstrate that antibiotic switching can reduce the prevalence of resistant and sensitive strains and overall infection levels, highlighting their potential as an effective strategy to manage antibiotic resistance in typhoid fever.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100554,"journal":{"name":"Franklin Open","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy and site-specific performance of machine learning approaches: A comprehensive review of autism detection models","authors":"Deblina Mazumder Setu ,&nbsp;Tania Islam ,&nbsp;Md Maklachur Rahman ,&nbsp;Samrat Kumar Dey ,&nbsp;Tazizur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As autism diagnoses rise globally, it is important to find a better approach for early and effective prediction. The primary objectives are to identify the models that provide the optimum balance of accuracy while taking age and data type considerations into account, as well as to identify shortcomings and recommend future directions. This study investigates the efficacy of various computational models in early autism detection, analyzing 22 distinct studies. From them, 18 studies are based on 14 popular machine learning (ML) models to identify the most effective prediction methods. And four of them are more progressive, sophisticated methods including the convolutional neural network (CNN) model, diagnostic autism spectrum disorder (DASD) strategy, Ensemble Diagnosis Methodology (EKNN), and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM). Some existing study find out that Gradient Boosting, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), DecisionTree (DT), RandomForest (RF), and Light Gradient-Boosting Machine (LGB) demonstrated maximum accuracy scores of 100<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span>, while AdaBoost (AB), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) achieved accuracies of 100<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span>, 100<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span>, 96<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span>, and 96<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span>, respectively. In contrast to the most recent model, sophisticated CNN obtained 99.39<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span> accuracy. For ML models, LR requires less processing time compared to others with high accuracy, making it a suitable choice for efficiency-driven applications, while CNN is optimal for neuroimaging-based autism detection. This study also suggests that the choice of model for autism prediction should be based on specific requirements of accuracy and processing time. This study contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive evaluation of current methodologies, guiding future researchers toward more precise and efficient early autism detection strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100554,"journal":{"name":"Franklin Open","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the impact of prevention strategies of a fractional order malaria model using Adam–Bashforth approach","authors":"Agnes Adom-Konadu ,&nbsp;Albert Lanor Sackitey ,&nbsp;Joshua Kiddy K. Asamoah ,&nbsp;Martin Anokye ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Donkor","doi":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Even though there is a malaria vaccine for children under-five, malaria continues to be one of the deadly diseases in Sub-Sahara Africa. Nonetheless, there are varieties of preventive measures that, when properly used, can serve as a sort of vaccination and aid in the eradication process. The proportion of persons who must follow the preventive measures (<span><math><mi>π</mi></math></span>) is crucial in the battle to eradicate malaria. In this study, we provide a mathematical model of Caputo fractional order that captures the dynamics of malaria transmission with an emphasis on preventive measures. For the analysis of the model’s solution, the fixed point theorem is utilized to determine the existence and uniqueness of the solution with Ulam–Hyers stability. It has been observed that increasing <span><math><mi>π</mi></math></span> reduces the infected human and vector population. It was proven that a closed community may eventually control or possibly eradicate malaria by reducing both transmission rates and increasing preventive rates. Also, if the preventive strategies campaign is intensified and more than 50% of the human population in contiguous communities in the region acting in concert implement these, then a marked reduction should be seen in the infected vector population leading to a complete eradication of malaria in the region. In order to find the numerical trajectories of the caputo fractional order, the Adam–Bashforth approach scheme is used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100554,"journal":{"name":"Franklin Open","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of classical, xgboost and neural network methods for parameter estimation in epidemic processes on random graphs","authors":"Ágnes Backhausz ,&nbsp;Edit Bognár ,&nbsp;Villő Csiszár ,&nbsp;Damján Tárkányi ,&nbsp;András Zempléni","doi":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main goal of this paper is to quantitatively compare the performance of classical methods to XGBoost and convolutional neural networks in a parameter estimation problem for SIR epidemic spread. Since we model the underlying social network by flexible two-layer random graphs, we can also study how the structural difference between the graphs in the training set and the test set influences the error of the estimate. We also quantify the improvement of the results when additional information (such as the average degree of infected vertices) is available, compared to the case when only the time series of the number of susceptible and infected individuals is observed. Furthermore, the simulation results show how the accuracy of the methods varies with the time elapsed from the start of the epidemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100554,"journal":{"name":"Franklin Open","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical assessment of the optimal intervention strategy for Cercospora fungal disease in orange plants","authors":"Omowumi Fatimah Lawal ,&nbsp;Anthony Kodzo Hunkpe ,&nbsp;Afeez Abidemi ,&nbsp;Pius Olanrewaju Ogunjobi","doi":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cercospora fragariae</em> is a fungal plant pathogen. Citrus trees and shrubs are particularly vulnerable to Cercospora infections, which can result in significant crop losses. This paper presented a new mathematical model of Cercospora fungal disease transmission dynamics in orange plants, which incorporates two control interventions – plant inoculation or immunization for resistance to the disease, <span><math><mi>ν</mi></math></span>, and quarantine of infective orange plants, <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>. The model was qualitatively analysed to establish the disease-free and endemic equilibria associated with it. The next generation matrix method was used to compute the effective reproduction number, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, of the model. The model was later extended to an optimal control model by considering the two interventions as time-dependent control functions <span><math><mrow><mi>ν</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, respectively. These time-dependent controls were characterized using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. Qualitative analysis of the autonomous model reveals that the disease-free equilibrium is both locally and globally asymptotically stable if <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>, and unstable otherwise, whereas the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable in the absence of re-infection whenever <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>. Under the situation of no re-infection, additional analysis of the model establishes the existence of forward bifurcation. Simulations of the autonomous model show that the constant control rate <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span> is more sensitive than the constant control rate <span><math><mi>ν</mi></math></span> as small increase in <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span> value influences the dynamics of the disease transmission as compared to high increase in <span><math><mi>ν</mi></math></span> value. Simulated results of the optimal control model suggest that the use of only optimal quarantine of infective orange plants, <span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, is as good as the combination of the two optimal controls as an intervention strategy when compared to the use of only optimal inoculation of orange plant for resistance to disease, <span><math><mrow><mi>ν</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. A cost analysis was conducted to identify the most cost-effective strategy for the prevention and control of disease spread with limited resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100554,"journal":{"name":"Franklin Open","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical analysis of Lassa fever epidemic model utilizing Nigeria demographic data","authors":"Abdullahi M. Auwal ,&nbsp;Salisu Usaini","doi":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we proposed and analysed a non-linear deterministic mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of Lassa fever virus in Nigeria. The basic properties of the model are presented. For the linear stability of the model equilibria the basic reproduction number <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and other important threshold parameters associated with existence and stability of endemic state are obtained. We showed that the model exhibits two equilibrium points namely: the Lassa fever-free equilibrium point and the endemic equilibrium point. The Lassa fever-free equilibrium <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>Σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></math></span> is the only local asymptotic stable equilibrium if the threshold parameter in relation to humans, <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mi>h</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> and it is not stable when <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn><mi>h</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>. While the endemic equilibrium point <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>Σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> becomes asymptotically stable locally under certain conditions on the associated threshold parameters. Sensitivity analysis of the model parameters indicates that the natural mortality rate of rodents (<span><math><mi>ψ</mi></math></span>) and the effective contact rate of rodents (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>)are the basic control parameters associated with persistence or eradication of Lassa fever virus. More precisely, there is an inverse relationship between <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><mi>ψ</mi></math></span> so that an increase of the latter leads to the decrease of the former one and vice-versa. In a similar note, increasing (decreasing) the value of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> keeping all other parameters fixed increases (decreases) the value of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. We can infer from this result that good environmental sanitation and fumigation would reduce rodents’ population thereby reducing the value of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> which leads to the decrease of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100554,"journal":{"name":"Franklin Open","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of a towed cable with sensor-array for underwater target motion analysis","authors":"Rohit Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Subrata Kumar ,&nbsp;Shovan Bhaumik","doi":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The underwater target motion analysis is performed using bearing-only measurements, obtained from a sensor-array, which is towed by an own-ship through a connected cable. It is well known that the own-ship is required to perform a manoeuvre in order to make the system observable and localize the target successfully. During the manoeuvre, it is important to know the location of the sensor-array with respect to the own-ship. This paper develops a dynamic model of a cable sensor-array system to localize the sensor-array, which is towed behind a sea-surface vessel. A lumped-mass approach is adopted to represent the towed cable. The discretized cable elements are modelled as an interconnected rigid body, kinematically related to one another. The governing equations are derived by performing the moment balance condition and quasi-static equilibrium condition at each node, thereby incorporating the rotational inertia effects of own-ship motion on the towed body, which is a novel aspect of the proposed approach. The derived dynamics are solved simultaneously for all the nodes to determine the orientation of the cable and sensor-array. The position of the sensor-array obtained from this proposed model will further be used by target motion analysis algorithms to enhance the accuracy of the tracking system. The proposed model is implemented for various own-ship manoeuvres, and the resulting response of the towed system is presented graphically. The depth attained by sensor-array’s centre of gravity is compared to existing modelling approaches to validate its effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100554,"journal":{"name":"Franklin Open","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An application of multi-objective transportation problem in type-2 Fermatean fuzzy number incorporating the RS-MABAC technique","authors":"P. Anukokila ,&nbsp;R. Nisanthini ,&nbsp;B. Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study describes two decision making problems in trapezoidal type-2 Fermatean fuzzy numbers. Firstly, to address multi-criteria decision-making problem, we provide a hybrid rank sum and multi-attributive border approximation area comparison approach that ranks alternatives from best to worst contingent upon decision makers’ preferences. The second phase is to define a multi-objective transportation problem where the model is reduced to a single objective problem using the data envelopment analysis technique. The simplified single-objective issue is then solved using LINGO-18.0, producing a collection of optimal solutions. Lastly, the suggested method is used to address a medical supply transportation problem, and the outcomes are compared and discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100554,"journal":{"name":"Franklin Open","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a modelling environment of spacecraft solar array in low Earth orbit using real-time telemetry data","authors":"Ahmed Mokhtar ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Mohamed E. Hanafy ,&nbsp;Fawzy H. Amer ElTohamy ,&nbsp;Yehia Z. Elhalwagy","doi":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spacecraft solar arrays convert sunlight into electrical energy to fulfil the energy requirements of various missions. This work proposes a comprehensive environment for accurate power operation predictions. Specifically, this environment simulates the behaviour of a body-mounted solar array. Furthermore, the designing and modelling processes of the solar array require considering different technical and practical constraints posed by the space environment. These challenges necessitate a thorough evaluation of all potential sources of losses and degradation. Compared to conventional approaches, our novel SSA model incorporates the complete spacecraft mission design scenario, thus it incorporates the operational cyclogram and power budget calculation. To substantiate our proposed method, telemetry data from the commercial LEOS-50 platform is leveraged to develop an experimental, mathematical, and thermal in-orbit model based on GaAs technology. This approach stands out for its exceptional accuracy in predicting the output power characteristics of solar panels. Therefore, it ensures achieving mission requirements from inception to completion in the beginning-of-life and end-of-life stages. The results demonstrate the success of the SSA operation in converting sunlight into electrical energy with a high conversion rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100554,"journal":{"name":"Franklin Open","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}