Forage & Grazinglands最新文献_第4页

Reducing Water Inputs with Subsurface Drip Irrigation May Improve Alfalfa Nutritive Value 地下滴灌减少水分投入可提高紫花苜蓿的营养价值

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2013-01-17 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2013-117-01-RS

Keith R. Harmoney, Freddie R. Lamm, Sandy K. Johnson, Abdrabbo A. Aboukheira

{"title":"Reducing Water Inputs with Subsurface Drip Irrigation May Improve Alfalfa Nutritive Value","authors":"Keith R. Harmoney, Freddie R. Lamm, Sandy K. Johnson, Abdrabbo A. Aboukheira","doi":"10.1094/FG-2013-117-01-RS","DOIUrl":"10.1094/FG-2013-117-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage crop for western Kansas dairy producers. Concerns over decreasing groundwater supplies have prompted the need to develop more efficient methods of irrigation. We investigated the effects of a subsurface drip irrigation system at three levels of water inputs [70, 85, and 100% of plant evapotranspiration rates (ETr)] on resulting alfalfa production and nutritive value. Alfalfa was harvested at 0, 15, and 30 inches from established subsurface driplines within each of the three irrigation levels. Crude protein concentration and in situ dry matter disappearance, when found to be different at ETr and dripline distance combinations, tended to be greater at greater distances from the dripline and at the 70% ETr level. Fiber concentrations tended to be lower at greater distances from the dripline and at the 70% ETr level. Alfalfa yield was similar at all dripline distances and at all ETr levels in 2005 and 2007, but alfalfa yield was greater 0 inches from the dripline compared to 30 inches from the dripline in 2006. We conclude that alfalfa can be irrigated with subsurface drip systems at 70 or 85% ETr without sacrificing yield or forage nutritive value.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/FG-2013-117-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113934078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Effect of Safener, Activated-charcoal Coated Seed, and Charcoal Banding on Establishment of Switchgrass Receiving Pre-emergent Herbicides 安全剂、活性炭包衣种子和炭带对柳枝稷萌发前除草剂成活率的影响

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2012-12-14 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2012-1214-01-RS

Twain J. Butler, Maru K. Kering, Chengjun Huo, John A. Guretzky

{"title":"Effect of Safener, Activated-charcoal Coated Seed, and Charcoal Banding on Establishment of Switchgrass Receiving Pre-emergent Herbicides","authors":"Twain J. Butler, Maru K. Kering, Chengjun Huo, John A. Guretzky","doi":"10.1094/FG-2012-1214-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2012-1214-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is typically slow and difficult to establish due to competition from weeds. Two experiments were conducted evaluating effectiveness of seed safeners and activated charcoal on prevention of herbicide injury of ‘Alamo’ switchgrass. In experiment I, a completely randomized greenhouse experiment with three replications evaluated a factorial arrangement of five (0, 0.64, 0.96, 1.28, and 1.92 fluid oz/100 lb seed) fluxofenin (Concep III) rates and four herbicide treatments: metolachlor, metolachlor plus atrazine, pendamethalin, and an untreated control. In experiment II, a randomized complete block field experiment with a split plot arrangement of treatments and four replications evaluated charcoal seed treatments. Main plot treatments consisted of uncoated seed plus 250 lb/acre charcoal slurry in a 2-inch band over the seed row, charcoal coated seed at either 4:1, 6:1, or 8:1 charcoal weight:seed weight ratios, and non-treated seed. Sub-plot treatments consisted of five herbicide treatments: atrazine, metolachlor, metolachlor plus atrazine, imazapic, and an untreated control. In experiment I, fluxofenin did not safen switchgrass seeds from these herbicides. In experiment II, charcoal treatments safened switchgrass seed in 2 of 4 years, when precipitation was above normal, but failed to safen switchgrass seed when rainfall was below average. In addition, switchgrass ground cover at end of season was generally below the minimum 40% threshold; therefore improved establishment techniques are still needed for switchgrass.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/FG-2012-1214-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109168726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Yellow Jacket Seed Coating Improves Establishment of ‘Prosper’ Summer-Dormant Tall Fescue 黄皮包种对盛世夏伏高羊茅成活率的促进作用

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2012-11-13 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2012-1113-01-RS

Dariusz P. Malinowski, Yves Y. Emendack, Devesh Singh

{"title":"Yellow Jacket Seed Coating Improves Establishment of ‘Prosper’ Summer-Dormant Tall Fescue","authors":"Dariusz P. Malinowski, Yves Y. Emendack, Devesh Singh","doi":"10.1094/FG-2012-1113-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2012-1113-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Establishment of summer-dormant tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub syn. Festuca arundinacea Schreb.] pastures may be difficult in the Southern Great Plains because of insufficient autumn precipitation. We determined the effects of seeding rates, seed coating with Yellow Jacket, and supplemental irrigation during establishment on seedling dry matter (DM) and aboveground biomass DM of summer-dormant tall fescue cv. Prosper at Vernon, TX, during two growing seasons. Seeding rates affected seedling DM differently in the full and reduced supplemental irrigation systems and had a significant effect on aboveground biomass DM only in the first growing season. Seed coating increased seedling DM regardless of supplemental irrigation amount and it increased aboveground biomass DM only in the reduced supplemental irrigation system during the first growing season. Results indicate that Yellow Jacket seed coating may improve establishment and productivity of summer-dormant tall fescue in the first growing season, especially with limited soil moisture.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/FG-2012-1113-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109168382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fall Harvesting of Alfalfa in North Dakota Impacts Plant Density, Yield, and Nutritive Value 北达科他州秋收苜蓿影响植物密度、产量和营养价值

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2012-09-25 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2012-0925-01-RS

Marisol Berti, Robert Nudell, Dwain W. Meyer

{"title":"Fall Harvesting of Alfalfa in North Dakota Impacts Plant Density, Yield, and Nutritive Value","authors":"Marisol Berti, Robert Nudell, Dwain W. Meyer","doi":"10.1094/FG-2012-0925-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2012-0925-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is often not harvested in North Dakota during the fall because producers fear the risk of winter-kill and stand reduction. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a fall harvest on plant density, forage yield, and nutritive value of alfalfa. Two replicated experiments were planted and evaluated in Fargo, ND. Experiment 1 was conducted from 2004 to 2008 and Experiment 2 from 2007 to 2011. Treatments in the two experiments were either a 3-cut system with no fall harvest or a 4-cut system with a fall harvest. Analysis was conducted across experiments and years. In certain years, plant density was significantly reduced when alfalfa was harvested in the fall. The 4-cut system, which included a fall harvest, had significantly greater seasonal forage yield. The total seasonal forage yield for the 4-cut system was approximately 1.04 to 3.88 Mg/ha greater than that of the 3-cut system. However, including a fall harvest decreased forage yield in the first cut the following season. In general, a fall harvest of alfalfa increases seasonal forage yield without reducing stand persistence and overall forage nutritive value.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/FG-2012-0925-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109174115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Cogongrass Control with Aminocyclopyrachlor in Pastures 氨环吡草胺防治草场黄草

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2012-08-28 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2012-0828-02-RS

Stephen F. Enloe, Jason Belcher, Nancy Loewenstein, Jatinder S. Aulakh, Edzard van Santen

{"title":"Cogongrass Control with Aminocyclopyrachlor in Pastures","authors":"Stephen F. Enloe, Jason Belcher, Nancy Loewenstein, Jatinder S. Aulakh, Edzard van Santen","doi":"10.1094/FG-2012-0828-02-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2012-0828-02-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Aminocyclopyrachlor is a new pyrimidine carboxylic acid herbicide that controls a wide range of pasture weeds. Recent research has shown that it may also have some activity on cogongrass which is an increasing problem in pastures and hayfields. Since current herbicide options for cogongrass control in pastures are non-selective, any new selective tools would be useful. We evaluated aminocyclopyrachlor applied at fall or spring timings against glyphosate and imazapyr for cogongrass rhizome, shoot, and seedhead control. At 12 months after treatment (MAT), aminocyclopyrachlor reduced rhizome biomass by 28% while glyphosate and imazapyr reduced rhizome biomass by 77 and 80%, respectively. Both fall and spring treatment timings resulted in a similar pattern of good spring control of shoot growth and flowering but new shoot growth occurred during the summer and fall. Additional aminocyclopyrachlor dose response studies indicated that repeated fall treatments inhibited cogongrass spring flowering at low rates but did not effectively control shoots even at high rates. These results indicate that aminocyclopyrachlor does provide short-term vegetative control of cogongrass and can strongly inhibit flowering the year after treatment. This ability to prevent cogongrass flowering while suppressing vegetative cover may allow aminocyclopyrachlor to be useful in certain pasture situations.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109174932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Little Barley Control with Herbicides in Dormant Bermudagrass Hayfields 除草剂对休眠百慕大草田小大麦的防治作用

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2012-08-28 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2012-0828-01-RS

Stephen F. Enloe, Henry Dorough, Joyce Tredaway Ducar, Jatinder S. Aulakh

引用次数: 2

Potassium Influences Forage Bermudagrass Yield and Fungal Leaf Disease Severity in Mississippi 钾对密西西比牧草百慕草产量和真菌叶病严重程度的影响

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2012-07-25 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2012-0725-01-RS

John J. Read, Robert G. Pratt

{"title":"Potassium Influences Forage Bermudagrass Yield and Fungal Leaf Disease Severity in Mississippi","authors":"John J. Read, Robert G. Pratt","doi":"10.1094/FG-2012-0725-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2012-0725-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal diseases in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and numerous other crops have been associated with K deficiency. This study evaluated how levels of K in potash fertilizer (0-0-60) and broiler litter influenced forage yields and severity of disease symptoms caused by a natural complex of fungal pathogens in ‘Tifton 44’ bermudagrass in Mississippi. The relative incidence at different K levels of six species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, and Exserohilum in the complex was also investigated. Disease symptoms were universal and strong in all plots in 2010, but weak and transient in 2011. Forage dry matter (DM) yields increased linearly and significantly (P < 0.05) as K-fertilizer rate increased from 0 to 167 kg K/ha. Disease severity in whole plots decreased as K levels increased in 2010, and severity of symptoms on individual leaves in 2011 was lower at 167 kg K/ha than 0 kg K/ha. The incidence of individual fungal pathogens on symptomatic leaves in 2010 ranged from 3 to 100% (E. rostratum and B. hawaiiensis were universal pathogens) and levels observed for four variable, non-universal pathogens did not differ between K-fertilizer rates. These results indicated that the reduced disease severity observed at the highest K levels was not caused by changes in the incidence of four fungal pathogens within the disease complex.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109174100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Cultivar and Fall Dormancy Affect Alfalfa-grass Yield and Persistence in a Temperate Environment 温带环境下品种和秋季休眠对紫花苜蓿产量和持久性的影响

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2012-07-23 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2012-0723-01-RS

Carlos A. Cangiano, Leandro Ventroni, Pablo Barbera

{"title":"Cultivar and Fall Dormancy Affect Alfalfa-grass Yield and Persistence in a Temperate Environment","authors":"Carlos A. Cangiano, Leandro Ventroni, Pablo Barbera","doi":"10.1094/FG-2012-0723-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2012-0723-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"In the humid temperate area of Argentina, most farmers use alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in grass-legume pastures, but there is little information on how alfalfa cultivars with different fall dormancy (FD) ratings may affect forage production. The objective was to compare the effect of a range of alfalfa cultivars from moderately dormant to non-dormant on forage production over three years when seeded with orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata). Eleven alfalfa cultivars grouped by FD as moderately dormant (MD), semi-dormant (SD), moderately non-dormant (MN), and non-dormant (ND) were compared for three years under rotational grazing with dairy cows. Alfalfa yield in the first year was not different between FD groups, but there was an important effect of FD in production in the second and third year. The MN group was significantly more productive than MD, and SD and ND had intermediate yields. There were also significant differences among cultivars within FD groups. Orchardgrass yield was independent of the associated alfalfa cultivar, indicating that a higher yield of the alfalfa cultivar resulted in a higher pasture yield. After three years the MN group had better persistence than MD. Most productive and persistent cultivars of SD to ND groups can be used for grazing a grass-legume pasture, at least for a medium-term pasture phase in cropping rotations.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1094/FG-2012-0723-01-RS","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109173371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Yield and Nutritive Value Differences Among Cool-Season Grasses 寒季牧草产量和营养价值的差异

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2012-06-19 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2012-0619-01-RS

Geoffrey E. Brink, Michael D. Casler

{"title":"Yield and Nutritive Value Differences Among Cool-Season Grasses","authors":"Geoffrey E. Brink, Michael D. Casler","doi":"10.1094/FG-2012-0619-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2012-0619-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Grasses are typically utilized at a vegetative stage of maturity under managed intensive rotational grazing. We compared the yield and nutritive value of the leaf and stem fraction, and total herbage of eight erect-growing, perennial cool-season grasses during 30-day intervals in the spring, summer, and fall at two Wisconsin locations. Total herbage production of all grasses was greatest during the spring as expected, but with the exception of smooth bromegrass, differences in leaf yield were relatively small. During the summer and fall, endophyte-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue produced the greatest leaf yield and quackgrass and smooth bromegrass the least. Significant leaf crude protein (CP) concentration differences among the eight grasses occurred during the spring, summer, and fall, but leaf CP of all grasses exceeded 16% and any differences would likely be inconsequential. Lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and greatest NDF digestibility were measured in leaves of meadow fescue or timothy. Because yield differences among these grasses during the spring can be attributed primarily to the stem fraction and spring yield constitutes a large proportion of annual yield, a producer's perception of value to a grazing system may be biased by total yield estimates. The greater nutritive value of grasses like meadow fescue must be balanced against slightly lower productivity.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109232013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Fall Herbicide Treatments Reduce Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris) Stem Density in Tall Fescue Pastures and Haylands 秋季除草剂处理降低高羊茅牧场和干地北露莓(Rubus flagellaris)茎密度

Forage & Grazinglands Pub Date : 2012-06-14 DOI: 10.1094/FG-2012-0614-01-RS

Bryan C. Sather, Kevin W. Bradley

{"title":"Fall Herbicide Treatments Reduce Northern Dewberry (Rubus flagellaris) Stem Density in Tall Fescue Pastures and Haylands","authors":"Bryan C. Sather, Kevin W. Bradley","doi":"10.1094/FG-2012-0614-01-RS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/FG-2012-0614-01-RS","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted from 2008 to 2011 to evaluate the effects of various fall herbicide treatments on northern dewberry (Rubus flagellaris Willd.) control and spring forage yields in tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub] pastures and haylands. When applied in the fall, all herbicide treatments evaluated in this research, except aminopyralid plus 2,4-D ester (0.12 + 1.0 kg/ha) and triclopyr plus 2,4-D ester (0.56 + 1.1 kg/ha), reduced northern dewberry stem density 50 to 66% the season following treatment. Treatments that contained metsulfuron tended to provide some of the greatest levels of visual control and stem reduction. The spring following treatment, herbicide treatment did not influence forage grass yields compared to the untreated control; however, herbicide treatment reduced northern dewberry and other weed components of the total forage yield compared to the untreated control. These experiments indicate fall applications of herbicides that contain metsulfuron will reduce northern dewberry stem density by at least 50%, but that follow-up treatments will be necessary where severe infestations exist.","PeriodicalId":100549,"journal":{"name":"Forage & Grazinglands","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91560496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2