FlexMat Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.30

Xiangjun Zheng, Yiming Wang, Tianyi Chen, Yibo Kong, Xiaoling Wu, Cun Zhou, Qun Luo, Chang-Qi Ma, Lijian Zuo, Minmin Shi, Hongzheng Chen

{"title":"Realizing record efficiencies for ultra-thin organic photovoltaics through step-by-step optimizations of silver nanowire transparent electrodes","authors":"Xiangjun Zheng, Yiming Wang, Tianyi Chen, Yibo Kong, Xiaoling Wu, Cun Zhou, Qun Luo, Chang-Qi Ma, Lijian Zuo, Minmin Shi, Hongzheng Chen","doi":"10.1002/flm2.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.30","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-thin (also known as ultra-flexible) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) represent a strong contender among emerging photovoltaic technologies. However, due to the imbalance between the optical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO)-free transparent electrodes, the ultra-thin OPVs often exhibit lower efficiency compared to the brittle yet more balanced rigid ITO counterparts. Here, we design and fabricate an advanced ultra-thin OPV, which involves a thoroughly optimized silver nanowires (AgNWs) transparent electrode (named AZAT) with excellent optical, electrical and mechanical properties. Specifically, the high-kinetic energy spray-coating method successfully yields a curve-shaped, tightly connected and uniformly distributed AgNWs film, complemented by a capping layer of zinc oxide:aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:AZO) to improve charge collection capability. Simultaneously, the transparency of the electrode is enhanced through precise optical optimization. Thus, we implant the AZAT-based devices on 1.3 μm polyimide substrates and demonstrate ultra-thin OPVs with a record efficiency of 18.46% and a power density of 40.31 W g−1, which is the highest value for PV technologies. Encouragingly, the AZAT electrode also enables the 10.0 cm2 device to exhibit a high efficiency of 15.67%. These results provide valuable insights for the development of ultra-thin OPVs with high efficiency, low cost, superior flexibility, and up-scaling capacity.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"1 3","pages":"221-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.30","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconfigurable flexible thermoelectric generators based on all-inorganic MXene/Bi2Te3 composite films 基于全无机 MXene/Bi2Te3 复合薄膜的可重构柔性热电发生器

FlexMat Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.28

Yunhe Xu, Bo Wu, Chengyi Hou, Yaogang Li, Hongzhi Wang, Qinghong Zhang

{"title":"Reconfigurable flexible thermoelectric generators based on all-inorganic MXene/Bi2Te3 composite films","authors":"Yunhe Xu, Bo Wu, Chengyi Hou, Yaogang Li, Hongzhi Wang, Qinghong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/flm2.28","DOIUrl":"10.1002/flm2.28","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible thermoelectric generators (FTEGs) represent an excellent solution for energizing wearable electronics, capitalizing on their ability to transform body heat into electrical energy. Nevertheless, their use in the wearable industry is limited by the insufficient thermoelectric (TE) efficiency of materials and the minimal temperature variation among the devices. In this study, we have developed a Lego-like reconfigurable FTEG by combining flexible TE chips, rheological liquid-metal electrical wiring, and a stretchable substrate in a mechanical plug-in configuration. The flexible TE chips are constructed from n-type all-inorganic MXene/Bi2Te3 composite films, which have their TE properties further enhanced through heat treatment. A demonstration of the FTEG illustrates its capability to convert heat into vertical temperature difference (ΔT), leading to a substantial ΔT at the cold end in contact with the environment, resulting in a power output of 7.1 μW with a ΔT of 45 K from only 5 TE chips. The reconfigurable FTEG presents significant potential for wearable devices to harness low-grade heat.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"1 3","pages":"248-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.28","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A deformation mismatch strategy enables over 120% stretchability of encapsulated serpentine silicon strips for stretchable electronics 变形错配策略使封装蛇形硅带的拉伸性超过 120%，适用于可拉伸电子器件

FlexMat Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.27

Yihao Shi, Bingchang Zhang, Jianzhong Zhao, Jiahao Qin, Ke Bai, Jia Yu, Xiaohong Zhang

{"title":"A deformation mismatch strategy enables over 120% stretchability of encapsulated serpentine silicon strips for stretchable electronics","authors":"Yihao Shi, Bingchang Zhang, Jianzhong Zhao, Jiahao Qin, Ke Bai, Jia Yu, Xiaohong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/flm2.27","DOIUrl":"10.1002/flm2.27","url":null,"abstract":"It is significant to develop stretchable electronics based on silicon materials for practical applications. Although various stretchable silicon structures have been reported, electronic systems based on them exhibit limited stretchability due to the constraints between them and polymer substrates. Here, an innovative strategy of deformation mismatch is proposed to break the constraints between silicon structures and polymers and effectively reduce the strain concentration in silicon structures. As a result, encapsulated serpentine silicon strips (S-Si strips) achieve unprecedented stretchability, exceeding 120%. The encapsulated S-Si strip also exhibits remarkable mechanical stability and durability, enduring 100 000 cycles of 100% stretch without fracture. The effect of key parameters, including the central angle, thickness, and width of the S-Si strip, on the deformation mismatch is revealed through combing experiments and theoretical analysis, which will guide the rational implementation of the deformation mismatch strategy. Electrical testing showcases the strain-insensitive nature and good electrical stability of encapsulated S-Si strips, benefiting practical applications. This work provides a new paradigm of silicon materials with excellent stretchability and will facilitate the development of stretchable electronics.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"1 2","pages":"150-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Principles, fabrication, and applications of halide perovskites-based memristors 基于卤化物过氧化物的忆阻器的原理、制造和应用

FlexMat Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.25

Xiaozhe Cheng, Zhitao Dou, Hong Lian, Zhitao Qin, Hongen Guo, Xifeng Li, Wai-Yeung Wong, Qingchen Dong

{"title":"Principles, fabrication, and applications of halide perovskites-based memristors","authors":"Xiaozhe Cheng, Zhitao Dou, Hong Lian, Zhitao Qin, Hongen Guo, Xifeng Li, Wai-Yeung Wong, Qingchen Dong","doi":"10.1002/flm2.25","DOIUrl":"10.1002/flm2.25","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, the microelectronics industry has developed rapidly based on the von Neumann architecture and under the guidance of Moore's law. However, as the size of electronic devices approaches the limit and power consumption increases, traditional microelectronic materials and devices are facing more and more challenges. As a new type of semiconductor material, halide perovskites (HPs) have excellent photoelectric characteristics, such as high carrier mobility, controllable band structure, etc., which have been widely used in solar cells, light emitting diodes (LEDs), photodetectors, memristors, and in other fields. Among them, the memristor, as a new type of electronic device, is very promising for in-memory computing with low power consumption by breaking the limit of von Neumann architecture. Especially, HPs-based memristors show outstanding photoelectric response performance, low power consumption, and flexible wearability, allowing them to hold great application potential in logical operation, polymorphic storage, and neuromorphic computing, etc. In this review, we first briefly introduce the basic characteristics and preparation methods of HPs. Secondly, the development history, device structure, and performance parameters of memristors are depicted in detail. Thirdly, the resistance mechanism and application of HPs-based memristors are discussed. Finally, the research status and development prospects of HPs-based memristors are outlined.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"1 2","pages":"127-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent progress in covalent organic frameworks for flexible electronic devices 用于柔性电子器件的共价有机框架的最新进展

FlexMat Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.26

Jinghang Wu, Shiwei Zhang, Qianfeng Gu, Qichun Zhang

引用次数: 0

Purely organic room temperature phosphorescent materials toward organic light-emitting diodes 面向有机发光二极管的纯有机室温磷光材料

FlexMat Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.23

Hui Li, Cheng Chen, Zongji Ye, Kai Feng, Jiani Huang, Gaozhan Xie, Ye Tao

引用次数: 0

Construction of multi-decay pathways and realizing polymer-regulated organic smart luminescent materials 构建多衰变途径，实现聚合物调控的有机智能发光材料

FlexMat Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.24

Yuxin Xiao, Zongliang Xie, Mingyao Shen, Hailan Wang, Jiahui Li, Rongjuan Huang, Tao Yu

{"title":"Construction of multi-decay pathways and realizing polymer-regulated organic smart luminescent materials","authors":"Yuxin Xiao, Zongliang Xie, Mingyao Shen, Hailan Wang, Jiahui Li, Rongjuan Huang, Tao Yu","doi":"10.1002/flm2.24","DOIUrl":"10.1002/flm2.24","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of multi-decay pathways of smart organic light-emitting materials has drawn intensive research enthusiasm owing to their substantial promise in diverse optoelectronic applications. Nowadays, numerous chemical substances have been refined to extend and enhance their intriguing luminescent properties. Nowadays, plenty of chemicals have been adapted to amplify more interesting luminescent properties. How to utilize an easy way to tune multi-decay pathways resulting in various emissions is still challenging. Here, we present a triphenylamine derivative, TPA3BP, which exhibits a variety of multi-decay pathways in different states and can exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence in both the polydimethylsiloxane and crystalline state, but also achieve room temperature phosphorescence by embedding it into the poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone matrix. The multi-decay luminescence can be attributed to the dual effect arising from the n-π* transition of TPA3BP and the regulation of molecular transition pathways within the matrix environment. This intriguing phenomenon highlights the combined influence of TPA3BP's electronic transitions and the influence of the polarity and rigidity of the surrounding matrix on the observed characteristics. This advancement has widened the structural possibilities for multi-decay luminescent materials, enabling their targeted synthesis for future applications, such as information encryption and smart anti-counterfeiting.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"1 2","pages":"193-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.24","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141340147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implementation of high-performance, freestanding flexible film masks through photosensitive polyimide for arbitrary surface micropatterns creation 通过光敏聚酰亚胺实现高性能、独立式柔性薄膜掩膜，用于创建任意表面微图案

FlexMat Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.18

Xuan Dong, Siew Yin Chan, Ruoqing Zhao, Lei Luo, Manzhang Xu, Jiuwei Gao, Xin Ju, Jing Wu, Dongzhi Chi, Xian Jun Loh, Xuewen Wang

{"title":"Implementation of high-performance, freestanding flexible film masks through photosensitive polyimide for arbitrary surface micropatterns creation","authors":"Xuan Dong, Siew Yin Chan, Ruoqing Zhao, Lei Luo, Manzhang Xu, Jiuwei Gao, Xin Ju, Jing Wu, Dongzhi Chi, Xian Jun Loh, Xuewen Wang","doi":"10.1002/flm2.18","DOIUrl":"10.1002/flm2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Given the widespread presence of intricate surfaces, the development of electronics has generated a significant demand for surface patterning techniques capable of creating refined or novel patterns. Nevertheless, present surface patterning techniques suffer from complex processes, limited resolution, stringent conditions, and high manufacturing costs. Herein, we present a novel approach for arbitrary surface micropatterning using photosensitive polyimide (PSPI), enabling the in situ fabrication of electrodes without the need for a pattern-transferring process. On this basis, we have implemented a high-performance, freestanding flexible thin-film mask with high optical transparency that facilitates precise alignment of microelectrode patterns with the target material. It also exhibits exceptional mechanical properties suitable for long-term use and high-temperature applications, with a notable glass transition temperature of up to 300°C. The fabricated masks with thicknesses of 5–20 μm are well-suited for high-resolution applications, including those requiring sub-5 μm resolution. Furthermore, the creation of microelectrodes on a variety of surfaces utilizing the fabricated PSPI masks was successfully demonstrated. Our facile method provides a solid foundation for achieving efficient micropatterning for the fabrication of high-performance flexible electronics on complex surfaces.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"1 2","pages":"203-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-doped conjugated polymers with electron-deficient quinone units for enhanced electron transport in highly efficient organic solar cells 具有缺电子醌单元的自掺杂共轭聚合物，用于增强高效有机太阳能电池中的电子传输

FlexMat Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.17

Xi Luo, Jiangkai Yu, Haoran Tang, Houji Cai, Wei Xiong, Kai Zhang, Fei Huang, Yong Cao

{"title":"Self-doped conjugated polymers with electron-deficient quinone units for enhanced electron transport in highly efficient organic solar cells","authors":"Xi Luo, Jiangkai Yu, Haoran Tang, Houji Cai, Wei Xiong, Kai Zhang, Fei Huang, Yong Cao","doi":"10.1002/flm2.17","DOIUrl":"10.1002/flm2.17","url":null,"abstract":"Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted significant attention as a burgeoning flexible technology, owing to their advanced power conversion efficiencies. Moreover, interface materials play a crucial role in optimizing energy level alignment between the active layer and electrodes, thereby enhancing carrier extraction within the device and improving efficiency. However, current methodologies for fabricating electron-transport materials with superior mobility are still limited compared with those for hole-transport materials. In this study, a benzodifurandione (BFDO)-derived building block with quinone resonance property and strong electron-withdrawing capability was synthesized. Two conjugated polymers, namely PBFDO-F6N and PBFDO-F6N-Br, were prepared, both of which exhibited good electron mobility and exceptional interface modification capabilities. A comprehensive investigation of the interaction between the interface layer and the active layer revealed that PBFDO-F6N induced doping at the acceptor interface. Additionally, the high mobility of PBFDO-F6N facilitated efficient carrier extraction at the interface. Consequently, the application of PBFDO-F6N as the cathode interface layer for PM6:BTP-eC9-based OSC devices resulted in a remarkable efficiency of 18.11%. Moreover, the device efficiency remained at ∼96% even at a PBFDO-F6N interface thickness of 50 nm, demonstrating the great potential of this material for large-scale device preparation.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"1 2","pages":"105-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141387702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolving photonic authentication with sustainable luminescent smart e-tags 利用可持续发光智能电子标签发展光子认证技术

FlexMat Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/flm2.16

Lília M. S. Dias, Lianshe Fu, R. F. P. Pereira, Albano N. Carneiro Neto, V. de Zea Bermudez, P. S. André, Rute A. S. Ferreira

{"title":"Evolving photonic authentication with sustainable luminescent smart e-tags","authors":"Lília M. S. Dias, Lianshe Fu, R. F. P. Pereira, Albano N. Carneiro Neto, V. de Zea Bermudez, P. S. André, Rute A. S. Ferreira","doi":"10.1002/flm2.16","DOIUrl":"10.1002/flm2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Counterfeiting remains a significant threat, causing economic and safety concerns. Addressing this, authentication technologies have gained traction. With the rise of the Internet of Things, authentication is crucial. Photonic Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) offer unique identifiers. We present low-cost and sustainable e-tags that may be printed virtually on any surface for authentication due to the bespoke texturization of sustainable inks of surface-modified carbon dots. A single e-tag provides randomized phosphorescence (or afterglow) patterns, which provide multiple layers of safety by exploiting different patterning, excitation energies, and temporal characteristics. A comprehensive case study employing photonic challenge-response pairs, involving a sample size of up to 29 emission spectra in combination with 102 photographs taken with a smartphone, displays a low authentication probability of error (<10−11), which supports the potential of our combined approach toward the development of more robust photonic PUF systems.","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"1 2","pages":"116-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141002949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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