FlexMat最新文献

{"title":"n-type carbon nanotube inks for high-yield printing of ultrabroadband soft photo-imager thin sheets","authors":"Leo Takai,&nbsp;Yuya Kinoshita,&nbsp;Norika Takahashi,&nbsp;Minami Yamamoto,&nbsp;Daiki Shikichi,&nbsp;Noa Izumi,&nbsp;Yuto Matsuzaki,&nbsp;Yukito Kon,&nbsp;Naoko Hagiwara,&nbsp;Yukio Kawano,&nbsp;Kou Li","doi":"10.1002/flm2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photo-thermoelectric (PTE) conversion with soft carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-films potentially facilitates non-destructive inspections as image sensor devices through ultrabroadband optical monitoring and freely attachable 3D omni-directional views. Toward real-time and large-area measurements, printing fabrication methods are effective for multi-pixel integrations of all-solution-processable CNT film PTE sensors. However, the conventional printing method of CNT PTE sensors yields fatally low-efficient in fabricating each pixel due to insufficient diffusion of n-type liquid dopants on the pristine p-type film channels. Herein, this work demonstrates high-yield fabrications of pn-junction type PTE sensors by employing p-/n-type CNT inks. For such conceptualization, the presenting strategy first develops all-solution-processable n-type CNT inks. Specifically, this work fabricates the n-type inks by simply mixing the pristine p-type CNT source solution and chemical liquid agents (hydroxide and crown-ether) at high-yield via ultrasonic vibration. The presenting CNT solution functions stability as n-type materials on various supporting substrates by several fabrication methods in the counterpart junction with pristine p-type film channels. Available fabrication methods and formable substrates are as follows: printing (screen, air-jet dispense), coating (spin, casting), and manual application on papers, polymer sheets (parylene, polyimide, polyurethane, and polyethylene terephthalate), glass, and semiconductor wafers. Furthermore, the all-solution-processable pn-junction CNT film PTE sensor fabricated by printing of p-/n-type inks sufficiently satisfies superior inherent optical properties. Following these, the presenting uniform high-yield pn-junction fabrication, 100 % forming at an error ratio of response signal intensities within 8.54 %, potentially facilitates large-scale integrations of ultrabroadband deformable thin-film PTE sensor sheets and the associated functional non-destructive inspections.</p>","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"2 1","pages":"115-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.41","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological engineering for high-performance perovskite field-effect transistors","authors":"Shuanglong Wang,&nbsp;Hong Lian,&nbsp;Yongge Yang,&nbsp;Zehua Wu,&nbsp;Yi Li,&nbsp;Haifeng Ling,&nbsp;Wojciech Pisula,&nbsp;Tomasz Marszalek,&nbsp;Tao Xu","doi":"10.1002/flm2.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.39","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The emergence of perovskite semiconductors for field-effect transistor (FET) applications has received significant research attention due to their excellent electronic properties. The rapid development of perovskite FETs over the last few years has been driven by advances in understanding the thin-film morphologies of perovskite layers and their intriguing correlations with charge carrier transport, device performance, and stability. Here we summarize the progress in morphological engineering aimed at improving the electrical parameters of perovskite FETs. We first discuss the mechanisms of crystal nucleation and growth in solution-processed polycrystalline perovskite thin films, along with their morphological characteristics, including grain boundaries, defects, ionic and charge transport properties. We then elaborate on the impacts of these microstructures on the performance of perovskite FET devices. Representative optimization strategies are also presented, showcasing how fundamental understandings have been translated into state-of-the-art perovskite FETs. Finally, we provide a perspective on the remaining challenges and future directions of optimizing perovskite morphologies, toward an in-depth understanding of the relationships between film morphology, electrical property and device performance for the next advances in transistor.</p>","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"2 1","pages":"82-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.39","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing sensing technologies: A comprehensive review of flexible acceleration sensors","authors":"Bozhi Wu,&nbsp;Ke Li,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Kuibo Yin,&nbsp;Meng Nie,&nbsp;Litao Sun","doi":"10.1002/flm2.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.38","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flexible sensing technologies are pivotal for achieving multidimensional spatial freedom in sensing capabilities. Within this domain, flexible acceleration sensors stand out as innovative devices capable of accurately monitoring acceleration signals, even amidst deformation scenarios such as bending, compression, or stretching. These sensors are increasingly recognized for their transformative potential across various sectors, including health monitoring, industrial machinery, soft robotics, and so on. This review delves into the recent progress in the field of flexible acceleration sensors, examining their operational mechanisms, the materials used for the sensing layers, and their performance characteristics based on different operational principles. Moreover, we explore the diverse applications of these sensors in areas such as wearable devices, infrastructure surveillance, and automotive safety, providing a comprehensive overview of their current uses. Additionally, we assess the advantages and limitations of flexible acceleration sensors and propose potential directions for their advancement. Through this review, we aim to highlight the significant role that flexible acceleration sensors play in the ongoing evolution of sensing technologies, underscoring their importance in a wide array of applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"2 1","pages":"55-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.38","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combinatorial discovery of small molecule-doped afterglow polymer composites for anti-counterfeiting","authors":"Yeqing Lu,&nbsp;Xue Chen,&nbsp;Yung Doug Suh,&nbsp;Xiaowang Liu","doi":"10.1002/flm2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The exploration of afterglow in small molecule-doped polymer composites, rooted in a nuanced understanding of structure-properties relationships, holds paramount importance for optoelectronics. However, conventional strategies face challenges in achieving high-throughput discovery of these polymers. This study introduces a novel combinatorial approach, employing photoinitiated solvent-free polymerization, to craft afterglow aromatic boronic acid-doped polymer composites. The afterglow activation results from stabilizing the triplet states of doped small molecules through a synergy of chemical and physical fixation effects. Aromatic boronic acids emerge as crucial dopants, exhibiting versatility in afterglow development across the visible spectrum. Notably, the influence of functional groups and the number of non-fused benzene rings on afterglow wavelengths is minimal, while significantly impacting afterglow lifetimes. Besides conjugation degrees, the optimal size and doping concentrations of dopants play a pivotal role in extending afterglow lifetimes. This strategy not only facilitates exploration of small molecule-based afterglow materials but also enables the feasible fabrication of intricate, multicolor afterglow polymeric objects via a step-polymerization strategy for anti-counterfeiting.</p>","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"2 1","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.37","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible ionic-gel synapse devices and their applications in neuromorphic system","authors":"Fengchang Huang,&nbsp;Xidi Sun,&nbsp;Yi Shi,&nbsp;Lijia Pan","doi":"10.1002/flm2.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biological neural systems, composed of neurons and synaptic networks, exhibit exceptional capabilities in signal transmission, processing, and integration. Inspired by the mechanisms of these systems, researchers have been dedicated to developing artificial neural systems based on flexible synaptic devices that effectively mimic the functions of biological synapses, providing hardware support for the advancement of artificial intelligence. In recent years, ionic gels, known for their high ionic conductivity and intuitive synaptic mimicry, have been utilized in the development of ionic-gel synapses (IGSs). They are considered ideal materials for the next wearable generation of neuromorphic systems. This review introduces IGS devices and summarizes the recent progress in flexible IGS-based neuromorphic systems. Additionally, key challenges and future development prospects related to flexible IGSs are outlined, and potential suggestions are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"2 1","pages":"30-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.36","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lightweight and conformal acousto-ultrasonic sensing network for multi-scale structural health monitoring: A review","authors":"Yehai Li,&nbsp;Shifeng Guo,&nbsp;Zhongqing Su,&nbsp;Keqin Ding,&nbsp;Xian Jun Loh","doi":"10.1002/flm2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.35","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Structural health monitoring (SHM) has been increasingly investigated for decades. Different physical principles have been developed for damage identification, such as electronics, mechanics, magnetics, etc., with different coverage (i.e., global, large-area, and local monitoring) and sensitivity. Mechanical acousto-ultrasonic-based methods have formed a big family in SHM technologies. Multiple wave/resonance modes have been utilized for versatile SHM tasks. The permanently integrated sensing networks play a significant role in achieving a cost-effective and reliable SHM system, with major concerns including weight increase for large-scale deployment and conformity for complex geometry structures. In this review, typical acousto-ultrasonic sensors made of different material systems are discussed, along with advantages and limitations. Moreover, advanced network installation methods have been introduced, including surface-mounting with pre-integrated networks on substrates and in situ printing, and embedding with composite layup and metal additive manufacturing. Sensor versatility and usage in multi-scale SHM techniques are then highlighted. Different wave/resonance modes are transmitted and received with corresponding elements and network designs. In conclusion, this systematic review mainly covers a collection of acousto-ultrasonic sensors, two modalities of network installation, and their employment with various SHM methods, hopefully providing a useful guide to building lightweight and conformal networks with passive or active-passive sensors, and developing complete and reliable SHM strategies by integrating different damage identification methods on multiple scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"2 1","pages":"4-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.35","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of experiments with the support of machine learning for process parameter optimization of all-small-molecule organic solar cells","authors":"Kuo Wang,&nbsp;Jiaojiao Liang,&nbsp;Zhennan Li,&nbsp;Haixin Zhou,&nbsp;Cong Nie,&nbsp;Jiahao Deng,&nbsp;Xiaojie Zhao,&nbsp;Xinyu Peng,&nbsp;Ziye Chen,&nbsp;Zhiyan Peng,&nbsp;Di Huang,&nbsp;Hun Soo Jang,&nbsp;Jaemin Kong,&nbsp;Yingping Zou","doi":"10.1002/flm2.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traditionally, squaraine dyes have been studied and employed in biomedical research due to their excellent optical properties, and the molecules are being adopted in different research fields such as organic solar cells. In this study, we investigate correlations between solar cell performance and processing parameters of all-small-molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells comprising squaraine (SQ) as electron donor (D) and non-fullerene small molecules (e.g., ITIC) as electron acceptor (A) with the help of machine learning (ML) and design of experiment (DoE) methods. Among the five predictive ML models tested with the selected parameters, the eXtreme gradient boosting model shows the satisfactory results with quite high coefficient of determination of 0.999 and 0.997 in training and testing sets, respectively. By measuring the contribution of each input variable to solar cell efficiency, four process parameters, that is, the total concentration, the ratio of D/A, the rotational speed of spin coating, and the annealing temperature, are found to be the key features strongly correlated to solar cell efficiency. From contour plots in DoE, the highest solar cell efficiency of approximately 5% can be predicted under the conditions of 15 mg mL⁻¹ in solution concentration, a 1:2 mix ratio of D and A, rotational speeds ranging from 800 to 900 rpm, and annealing temperatures within 100–110°C. Using the suggested parameter conditions, we fabricated solar cells, achieving a quite high efficiency of approximately 4%. Besides the global optimization conditions, we also employ the solvent vapor annealing combination to the thermal annealing to facilitate further mobilization of molecules and more optimized microstructure of bulk heterojunction films, resulting in a further enhancement in solar cell efficiency of more than 20%.</p>","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"1 3","pages":"234-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.34","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinspired ultrathin photonic color convertors for highly efficient micro-light-emitting diodes","authors":"Jiexin Li,&nbsp;Xinrui Ding,&nbsp;Yuzhi Shi,&nbsp;Jiasheng Li,&nbsp;Zihao Deng,&nbsp;Jiayong Qiu,&nbsp;Jinhui Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Luo,&nbsp;Guanwei Liang,&nbsp;Long Zhao,&nbsp;Yong Tang,&nbsp;Ai Qun Liu,&nbsp;Zongtao Li","doi":"10.1002/flm2.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pixelated color convertor plays an immensely important role in next-generation display technologies. However, the inherent randomness of light propagation within the convertor presents a formidable challenge to reconcile the huge contradiction between excitation and outcoupling. Here, we demonstrate a bioinspired photonic waveguide pixelated color convertor (BPW-PCC) to realize directional excitation and outcoupling, which is inspired by an insect visual system. The lens array of BPW-PCC enables a focusing photonic waveguide that guides the excitation light and converges it on colloidal quantum dots; the directional channel provides a splitting photonic waveguide to enhance the outcoupling of photoluminescence light. Consequently, the excitation and outcoupling efficiency can be simultaneously improved at this judiciously designed pixelated color convertor with a thickness of 50 μm. By this strategy, ultrathin BPW-PCCs with 4.4-fold enhanced photoluminescence intensity have been demonstrated in micro-light-emitting diode devices and achieved a record-high luminous efficacy of 1600 lm W⁻¹ mm⁻¹, opening a new avenue for efficient miniaturized displays.</p>","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"1 3","pages":"258-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bimetallic ions modified 2-methylimidazolium functionalized polypyrrole/graphene oxide for the improved supercapacitor","authors":"Hui Mao,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang,&nbsp;Jinchi Liu,&nbsp;Shuyao Wu,&nbsp;Daliang Liu,&nbsp;Hui Li,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Yusheng Zhang,&nbsp;Qiong Wu,&nbsp;Tianyi Ma","doi":"10.1002/flm2.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thin films with two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures possess good environmental stability, thinner thickness and large surface area, which are widely used as a promising modified electrode material in the field of energy storage, supercapacitors, electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Herein, unique bimetallic ions modified polypyrrole/graphene oxide (PPy/GO) nanosheets, including Co²⁺-Zr⁴⁺/(2-MeIm)_<i>x</i>@PPy/GO and Co²⁺-Ruⁿ⁺/(2-MeIm)_<i>x</i>@PPy/GO (<i>n</i> = 0, 4), are prepared by using 2-methylimidazolium (2-MeIm) as the linkers between PPy/GO and metal ions. The obtained electrodes constructed by Co²⁺-Ruⁿ⁺/(2-MeIm)_<i>x</i>@PPy/GO (<i>n</i> = 0, 4) and Co²⁺-Zr⁴⁺/(2-MeIm)_<i>x</i>@PPy/GO exhibit improved capacitor electrochemical properties due to the reversible redox reaction, the large specific surface area and the high theoretical specific capacitance value of the metal ions compared to the unmodified PPy/GO. Especially, the specific capacitance value of Co²⁺-Ruⁿ⁺/(2-MeIm)_<i>x</i>@PPy/GO (<i>n</i> = 0, 4) electrode reaches 321.78 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹ and the capacitance retention rate is achieved to 100% in the long cycle charge/discharge test after 10 000 cycles (10 A g⁻¹). It will provide a practical experience for the design and preparation of supercapacitors based on bimetallic ions modified PPy/GO.</p>","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"1 3","pages":"302-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.32","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142540883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroconductive hydrogels for bioelectronics: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Nian Liu,&nbsp;Huifang Ma,&nbsp;Maorui Li,&nbsp;Rongrong Qin,&nbsp;Peng Li","doi":"10.1002/flm2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/flm2.31","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) have been extensively explored as promising flexible materials for bioelectronics because of their tunable conductivity and tissue-like biological and mechanical properties. ECHs can interact intimately with biosystems, transmit physiological signals, and are expected to revolutionize the convergence between organisms and electronics. However, there are still some challenges in utilizing ECHs as flexible materials for bioelectronics, such as mismatched stretchability with tissues, a lack of environmental adaptability, susceptibility to mechanical damage, inferior interface compatibility, and vulnerability to bacterial contamination. This review categorizes these challenges encountered in the bioelectronic applications of ECHs and elaborates on the strategies and theories for improving their performance. Furthermore, we present an overview of the recent advancements in ECHs for bioelectronic applications, specifically focusing on their contributions to healthcare monitoring, treatment of diseases, and human–machine interfaces. The scope of future research on ECHs in bioelectronics is also proposed. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive exposition of difficult issues and potential opportunities for ECHs in bioelectronics, offering valuable insights for the design and fabrication of ECH-based bioelectronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":100533,"journal":{"name":"FlexMat","volume":"1 3","pages":"269-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/flm2.31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}