{"title":"Surgery for morbid obesity: which technique works best?","authors":"B. Ltd.","doi":"10.1016/J.EHBC.2005.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EHBC.2005.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100513,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health","volume":"42 1","pages":"284-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85711502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Specialist outreach into primary care: is it better than standard care?","authors":"B. Ltd.","doi":"10.1016/J.EHBC.2005.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EHBC.2005.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100513,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health","volume":"111 1","pages":"294-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80579032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evidence-based guidelines: The theory and the practice","authors":"D. Swinglehurst","doi":"10.1016/J.EHBC.2005.05.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EHBC.2005.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100513,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health","volume":"742 1","pages":"308-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76893227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From the Editor","authors":"Dr Anna Donald","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100513,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health","volume":"9 4","pages":"Page 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.05.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71824862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computed tomography is probably a better diagnostic test than ultrasonography for adults and adolescents with suspected acute appendicitis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>Is computed tomography diagnostically superior to ultrasonography for acute appendicitis in adults and adolescents?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Systematic review with meta-analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><p>Twenty-two studies (nineteen prospective cohort studies and three randomised controlled trials) were included in the review. Eight were of computed tomography, ten were of ultrasonography and four were of both. Recruitment to the majority of studies (21/22) was based on symptoms at presentation, physical examination and basic laboratory tests. Meta-analysis showed that both tests had high diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity: 0.90, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.92 for computer tomography <em>v</em> 0.84, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.86 for ultrasonography; specificity: 0.92, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.93 for computer tomography <em>v</em> 0.79, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.82 for ultrasonography). Meta-analysis of four studies that directly compared the tests with one another found that computed tomography increased the certainty of diagnosis more than ultrasonography (positive likelihood ratio: 12.2, 95% CI 7.1 to 21.2 with computed tomography <em>v</em> 3.4, 95% CI 2.4 to 4.8 with ultrasonography; negative likelihood ratio: 0.05, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.12 with computed tomography <em>v</em> 0.33, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.55 with ultrasonography). Sub-group analyses in studies of adults (≥18 years); those with differing presentations (suspected <em>v</em> atypical); and those including a high number of women (> 67%) found similar results.</p></div><div><h3>Authors’ conclusions</h3><p>Computed tomography is superior to appendiceal ultrasonography for diagnosing acute appendicitis in adults and adolescents with suspected appendicitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100513,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health","volume":"9 3","pages":"Pages 251-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71863520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prolonged exposure to some agricultural pesticides may increase the risk of lung cancer in agricultural workers","authors":"Barbara Dinham (Commentator)","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>Does exposure to agricultural pesticides increase the risk of lung cancer?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Cohort study</p></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><p>Four of the most commonly used agricultural pesticides (diazinon, dieldrin, metalochlor and pendimethalin) significantly increased the risk of lung cancer in people with the greatest exposure, compared with people who had no exposure (see results table). Three other commonly used pesticides (carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, and dicamba) also increased the risk of lung cancer, but the results were not statistically significant (see results table).There were insufficient numbers of spouses with lung cancer who were directly exposed to specific pesticides to calculate any associated risk.</p></div><div><h3>Authors’ conclusions</h3><p>Prolonged exposure to the most commonly used agricultural pesticides increased the risk of lung cancer in farmers and commercial pesticide users. However, this increased risk was only significant for prolonged exposure to diazinon, dieldrin, metalochlor and pendimethalin. It is important to note that the participants in this study were exposed to higher levels for longer periods than the general population, due to their professional, agricultural use of insecticides and herbicides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100513,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health","volume":"9 3","pages":"Pages 203-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71863531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do nurse practitioners provide equivalent care to doctors as a first point of contact for patients with undifferentiated medical problems?","authors":"Bazian Ltd","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100513,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health","volume":"9 3","pages":"Pages 179-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71863533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis against opportunistic infections is safe, and effective in HIV-infected children","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>Does co-trimoxazole prophylaxis against opportunistic infections reduce mortality and hospital admissions in HIV-infected children more than 1 year old?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Double blind randomised controlled trial.</p></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><p>In HIV-infected children more than 1 year old, co-trimoxazole prophylaxis against opportunistic infections reduced deaths and hospital admissions compared with placebo at nearly 19 months. The number of treatment related adverse events were similar in both groups (see results table).</p></div><div><h3>Authors’ conclusions</h3><p>Children with HIV infection should receive cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in resource-poor settings, despite local bacterial resistance to this drug.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100513,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health","volume":"9 3","pages":"Pages 235-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71863559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peer-led approach to sex education in school has limited impact compared with teacher-led education","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>Do peer-led sex and relationship education programmes reduce unsafe sex and unwanted pregnancies compared with traditional teacher-led sex education in schools?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Randomised controlled trial.</p></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><p>There were no significant differences between intervention and control schools in the proportion of pupils reporting unprotected first heterosexual intercourse by 16 years of age (difference in cumulative proportion: −0.8%, 95% CI −3.5 to 1.8; <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.53</mn></mrow></math></span>). At 18 months follow up, peer-led education improved pupils’ satisfaction with their sex education compared with teacher-led education (<span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.001</mn></mrow></math></span>). Peer-led education non-significantly reduced unwanted pregnancies (<span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.07</mn></mrow></math></span>). Following intervention, girls were less likely to report having had sexual intercourse by 16 years (<span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.0008</mn></mrow></math></span>), although the difference was not significant for boys (<span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.35</mn></mrow></math></span>) (see results table).</p></div><div><h3>Authors’ conclusions</h3><p>Peer-led sex education in schools only modestly improved sexual behaviour. Young people report that they learn most about sex outside school. Wider strategies of education such as media and service delivery need to be assessed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100513,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health","volume":"9 3","pages":"Pages 247-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71863566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk factors for breast cancer in elderly women are similar to those for younger post-menopausal women","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>What influence do known risk factors have on incidence of breast cancer in women over 75 years old?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Prospective cohort study.</p></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><p>Increases in BMI and height were associated with increasing risk of breast cancer among women over 75. Nulliparity was not a risk factor in this group, although five or more previous live births reduced risk of breast cancer. Older age at menopause increased risk (see results table).</p></div><div><h3>Authors’ conclusions</h3><p>In women aged 75–84 years, increasing BMI, a family history of breast cancer and older age at menopause increased risk of incident breast cancer while more than five live births was a protective factor. These risk factors are similar to those for younger post-menopausal women.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100513,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health","volume":"9 3","pages":"Pages 245-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71863568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}