Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health最新文献_第9页

Surgery for morbid obesity: which technique works best? 手术治疗病态肥胖:哪种技术效果最好?

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health Pub Date : 2005-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2005.05.003

B. Ltd.

引用次数: 3

Specialist outreach into primary care: is it better than standard care? 专家拓展到初级保健:它比标准护理好吗?

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health Pub Date : 2005-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2005.05.002

B. Ltd.

引用次数: 2

Evidence-based guidelines: The theory and the practice 循证指南:理论与实践

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health Pub Date : 2005-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2005.05.012

D. Swinglehurst

引用次数: 14

From the Editor 来自编辑

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health Pub Date : 2005-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.05.005

Dr Anna Donald

引用次数: 0

Computed tomography is probably a better diagnostic test than ultrasonography for adults and adolescents with suspected acute appendicitis 对于疑似急性阑尾炎的成人和青少年，计算机断层扫描可能是比超声检查更好的诊断方法

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.025

{"title":"Computed tomography is probably a better diagnostic test than ultrasonography for adults and adolescents with suspected acute appendicitis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>Is computed tomography diagnostically superior to ultrasonography for acute appendicitis in adults and adolescents?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Systematic review with meta-analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><p>Twenty-two studies (nineteen prospective cohort studies and three randomised controlled trials) were included in the review. Eight were of computed tomography, ten were of ultrasonography and four were of both. Recruitment to the majority of studies (21/22) was based on symptoms at presentation, physical examination and basic laboratory tests. Meta-analysis showed that both tests had high diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity: 0.90, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.92 for computer tomography <em>v</em> 0.84, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.86 for ultrasonography; specificity: 0.92, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.93 for computer tomography <em>v</em> 0.79, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.82 for ultrasonography). Meta-analysis of four studies that directly compared the tests with one another found that computed tomography increased the certainty of diagnosis more than ultrasonography (positive likelihood ratio: 12.2, 95% CI 7.1 to 21.2 with computed tomography <em>v</em> 3.4, 95% CI 2.4 to 4.8 with ultrasonography; negative likelihood ratio: 0.05, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.12 with computed tomography <em>v</em> 0.33, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.55 with ultrasonography). Sub-group analyses in studies of adults (≥18 years); those with differing presentations (suspected <em>v</em> atypical); and those including a high number of women (> 67%) found similar results.</p></div><div><h3>Authors’ conclusions</h3><p>Computed tomography is superior to appendiceal ultrasonography for diagnosing acute appendicitis in adults and adolescents with suspected appendicitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100513,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health","volume":"9 3","pages":"Pages 251-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71863520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prolonged exposure to some agricultural pesticides may increase the risk of lung cancer in agricultural workers 长期接触某些农用农药可能会增加农业工人患肺癌的风险

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.029

Barbara Dinham (Commentator)

{"title":"Prolonged exposure to some agricultural pesticides may increase the risk of lung cancer in agricultural workers","authors":"Barbara Dinham (Commentator)","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>Does exposure to agricultural pesticides increase the risk of lung cancer?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Cohort study</p></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><p>Four of the most commonly used agricultural pesticides (diazinon, dieldrin, metalochlor and pendimethalin) significantly increased the risk of lung cancer in people with the greatest exposure, compared with people who had no exposure (see results table). Three other commonly used pesticides (carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, and dicamba) also increased the risk of lung cancer, but the results were not statistically significant (see results table).There were insufficient numbers of spouses with lung cancer who were directly exposed to specific pesticides to calculate any associated risk.</p></div><div><h3>Authors’ conclusions</h3><p>Prolonged exposure to the most commonly used agricultural pesticides increased the risk of lung cancer in farmers and commercial pesticide users. However, this increased risk was only significant for prolonged exposure to diazinon, dieldrin, metalochlor and pendimethalin. It is important to note that the participants in this study were exposed to higher levels for longer periods than the general population, due to their professional, agricultural use of insecticides and herbicides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100513,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health","volume":"9 3","pages":"Pages 203-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71863531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Do nurse practitioners provide equivalent care to doctors as a first point of contact for patients with undifferentiated medical problems? 执业护士是否提供与医生同等的护理，作为无区别医疗问题患者的第一接触点?

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.028

Bazian Ltd

引用次数: 4

Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis against opportunistic infections is safe, and effective in HIV-infected children 复方新诺明预防机会性感染对感染艾滋病毒的儿童是安全有效的

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.005

引用次数: 0

Peer-led approach to sex education in school has limited impact compared with teacher-led education 与教师主导的性教育相比，同伴主导的学校性教育方法影响有限

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.022

{"title":"Peer-led approach to sex education in school has limited impact compared with teacher-led education","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>Do peer-led sex and relationship education programmes reduce unsafe sex and unwanted pregnancies compared with traditional teacher-led sex education in schools?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Randomised controlled trial.</p></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><p>There were no significant differences between intervention and control schools in the proportion of pupils reporting unprotected first heterosexual intercourse by 16 years of age (difference in cumulative proportion: −0.8%, 95% CI −3.5 to 1.8; <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.53</mn></mrow></math></span>). At 18 months follow up, peer-led education improved pupils’ satisfaction with their sex education compared with teacher-led education (<span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.001</mn></mrow></math></span>). Peer-led education non-significantly reduced unwanted pregnancies (<span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.07</mn></mrow></math></span>). Following intervention, girls were less likely to report having had sexual intercourse by 16 years (<span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.0008</mn></mrow></math></span>), although the difference was not significant for boys (<span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.35</mn></mrow></math></span>) (see results table).</p></div><div><h3>Authors’ conclusions</h3><p>Peer-led sex education in schools only modestly improved sexual behaviour. Young people report that they learn most about sex outside school. Wider strategies of education such as media and service delivery need to be assessed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100513,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health","volume":"9 3","pages":"Pages 247-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71863566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk factors for breast cancer in elderly women are similar to those for younger post-menopausal women 老年妇女患乳腺癌的危险因素与年轻的绝经后妇女相似

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.023

引用次数: 0