Evidence-based Healthcare最新文献_第9页

Echinacea purpurea is ineffective for upper respiratory tract infections in children 紫锥菊对小儿上呼吸道感染无效

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2004.03.010

A. Mainous

引用次数: 4

Biennial screening mammography is cost effective in healthy women aged over 65 years 在65岁以上的健康妇女中，两年一次的乳房x光检查具有成本效益

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2004.03.015

P. Carney

引用次数: 1

Survival of people with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is not improved by equipping first responders with an automated external defibrillator 院外心脏骤停患者的生存率并没有通过为急救人员配备自动体外除颤器而得到改善

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.03.012

Judith Finn RN, PhD (Commentary Author) , Ian Jacobs RN, PhD (Commentary Author)

{"title":"Survival of people with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is not improved by equipping first responders with an automated external defibrillator","authors":"Judith Finn RN, PhD (Commentary Author) , Ian Jacobs RN, PhD (Commentary Author)","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.03.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>Will the use of automated external defibrillators by the police or firefighters result in better clinical outcomes for people with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Cross-over randomised controlled trial.</p></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><p>There was no significant difference in hospital discharge rates for people experiencing a cardiac arrest between areas in which firefighters and police officers were equipped with automated external defibrillators (AEDs) and those areas in which they were not (see Table 1). AEDs significantly improved the return of spontaneous circulation and admission to hospital.<span><div><div><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Table 1</strong> Clinical outcomes by treatment group in people experiencing a cardiac arrest.</td></tr><tr><td>Outcome</td><td>AEDs used (n=243)</td><td>AEDs not used (n=226)</td><td>Odds ratio, AED used versus AED not used; (95% CI), P-value</td></tr><tr><td>Hospital discharge</td><td>44 (18%)</td><td>33 (15%)</td><td>1.3 (0.8 to 2.2), 0.33</td></tr><tr><td>Return of spontaneous circulation</td><td>139 (57%)</td><td>108 (48%)</td><td>1.5 (1.0 to 2.2), 0.05</td></tr><tr><td>Hospital admission</td><td>103 (42%)</td><td>74 (33%)</td><td>1.5 (1.1 to 1.6), 0.02</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></span></p></div><div><h3>Authors’ conclusions</h3><p>Survival to hospital discharge in people experiencing an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was not improved by equipping first responders with automated external defibrillators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100512,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 139-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.03.012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71829086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Echinacea purpurea is ineffective for upper respiratory tract infections in children 紫锥菊对小儿上呼吸道感染无效

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.03.010

Arch G Mainous III PhD (Commentary Author)

引用次数: 4

Common blood pressure treatments lower the risk of major cardiovascular events 普通的血压治疗降低了主要心血管事件的风险

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.03.018

Flávio Danni Fuchs MD, PhD (Commentary Author)

{"title":"Common blood pressure treatments lower the risk of major cardiovascular events","authors":"Flávio Danni Fuchs MD, PhD (Commentary Author)","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.03.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>What are the effects of different blood pressure lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Prospectively designed meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.</p></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><p>Twenty-nine RCTs with 2 to 8.4 years follow up were included in the analysis. ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists or angiotensin-receptor blockers for high blood pressure significantly reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events compared with placebo or control (see Table 1). Setting a lower target blood pressure for treatment significantly reduces the risk of major cardiovascular events compared with setting a higher treatment target. There was no significant difference in the risk of major cardiovascular events among ACE inhibitor, calcium antagonist or diuretic/β-blocker-based treatment regimens. In general, a greater reduction of blood pressure resulted in a greater reduction in the risk of major cardiovascular events.<span><div><div><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Table 1</strong> Effects of different treatment regimens on blood pressure and major cardiovascular risk</td></tr><tr><td>Treatment regimen</td><td>No. of RCTs</td><td>Weighted mean difference in blood pressure (SBP/DBP)(mmHg)</td><td>RR for major cardiovascular events (95% CI)</td></tr><tr><td>Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo</td><td>5</td><td>−5/−2</td><td>0.78 (0.73 to 0.83)</td></tr><tr><td>Calcium antagonist vs placebo</td><td>3</td><td>−8/−4</td><td>0.82 (0.71 to 0.95)</td></tr><tr><td>Angiotensin receptor blocker vs control*</td><td>4</td><td>−2/−1</td><td>0.90 (0.83 to 0.96)</td></tr><tr><td>Angiotensin receptor blocker vs calcium antagonist</td><td>5</td><td>+1/+1</td><td>0.97 (0.92 to 1.03)</td></tr><tr><td>Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor vs diuretic or β blocker</td><td>6</td><td>+2/0</td><td>1.02 (0.98 to 1.07)</td></tr><tr><td>Calcium antagonist regimens vs diuretic or β blocker</td><td>9</td><td>+1/+1</td><td>1.04 (1.00 to 1.09)</td></tr><tr><td>Lower vs higher target blood pressure</td><td>4</td><td>−4/−3</td><td>0.85 (0.76 to 0.95)</td></tr><tr><td>*The comparison pooled trials where either some or all people in the non-angiotensin-receptor blocker group received active treatment.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></span></p></div><div><h3>Authors’ conclusions</h3><p>All widely used blood pressure lowering treatments reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events. A greater reduction in blood pressure leads to a greater reduction in the risk of major cardiovascular events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100512,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 153-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.03.018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71829110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation of office ventilation systems reduces work-related mucosal and respiratory symptoms 办公室通风系统的紫外线杀菌照射可减少与工作有关的粘膜和呼吸道症状

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.03.022

Klaus P Kühn PhD (Commentry Author) , Iris F Chaberny MD (Commentry Author)

{"title":"Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation of office ventilation systems reduces work-related mucosal and respiratory symptoms","authors":"Klaus P Kühn PhD (Commentry Author) , Iris F Chaberny MD (Commentry Author)","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.03.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>What is the effect of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) in office ventilation systems on worker's health and wellbeing?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Double blind multiple crossover trial.</p></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><p>Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) lights significantly reduced the incidence of overall work-related symptoms (14% of symptoms only reported when UVGI on vs. 18% symptoms only reported only when UVGI off; OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 0.99). UVGI significantly reduced work-related mucosal and respiratory symptoms but not systemic or musculoskeletal symptoms (OR for mucosal symptoms 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.9; OR for respiratory symptoms 0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.9; OR for systemic symptoms 1.1, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.3; OR for musculoskeletal symptoms 0.8, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.1). UVGI reduced microbial and endotoxin concentrations on irradiated surfaces within ventilation systems by 99% (95% CI 67% to 100%).</p></div><div><h3>Authors’ conclusions</h3><p>UVGI may be a cost-effective method of alleviating work-related symptoms caused by microbial contamination of office ventilation systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100512,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 148-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.03.022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71829111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Common blood pressure treatments lower the risk of major cardiovascular events 普通的血压治疗降低了主要心血管事件的风险

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2004.03.018

F. Fuchs

引用次数: 1

Major bleeding episodes occur in people receiving anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism 大出血发作发生在接受抗凝治疗的静脉血栓栓塞患者中

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2004.03.004

C. Pechlaner

引用次数: 0

Selective decontamination of digestive tract in intensive care patients leads to fewer in-hospital deaths 重症监护患者选择性消化道去污可减少院内死亡

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2004.02.001

C. Hollenbeak, D. Warren

引用次数: 0

Screening 3 years after negative test, rather than annually, would result in three additional cases of cervical cancer per 100,000 women screened 在检测结果呈阴性后3年进行筛查，而不是每年进行一次，将导致每10万名接受筛查的妇女中增加3例宫颈癌病例

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.011

Joseph Monsonego MD (Commentary Author)

{"title":"Screening 3 years after negative test, rather than annually, would result in three additional cases of cervical cancer per 100,000 women screened","authors":"Joseph Monsonego MD (Commentary Author)","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>How many additional cervical cancers would occur if annual screening reduced to screening 3 years after the last negative test?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Outcomes analysis with Markov model using screening programme data.</p></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><p>Among 32,230 women with ⩾3 consecutive negative tests, none had cancer; 16 had grade 2 or three cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Among 938,576 women with no prior tests, 511 women had cancer. Cases were more common in women in whom fewer negative tests were performed. The model predicted that screening 3 years after the last negative test, rather than annually, would lead to five extra cases of cervical cancer in a cohort of 100,000 women aged under 30 years. Three extra cases among women aged 30–44 years, one extra case among women aged 45–59, and no additional cases among women aged 60–64, were predicted.</p></div><div><h3>Authors’ conclusions</h3><p>An average of three additional cases of cervical cancer per 100,000 is predicted if women between 30 and 64 years are screened 3 years after their last negative test, rather than annually for 3 years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100512,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 89-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71822421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0