Evidence-based Healthcare最新文献_第10页

Low intensity exercise in healthy-weight women reduces risk of breast cancer 体重正常的妇女进行低强度运动可降低患乳腺癌的风险

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.012

Pirjo E Rintala MD,PhD (Commentary Author)

{"title":"Low intensity exercise in healthy-weight women reduces risk of breast cancer","authors":"Pirjo E Rintala MD,PhD (Commentary Author)","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>Is there an association between physical activity and the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Prospective cohort study with mean follow-up of 4.7 years.</p></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><p>During follow-up, 1780 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed. Post-menopausal women exercising strenuously ⩾ 3 times per week at age 35 years had a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer, compared with sedentary women (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.95). Strenuous exercise at age 18 and 50 years was not significantly associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk (<em>p</em>⩾0.08). Women currently walking briskly for 1.25–2.25h per week (or equivalent) had a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer compared with sedentary women (RR 0.82, 95% CI to 0.68 to 0.97). Further analysis showed that increasing total current physical activity was related to a lower risk of breast cancer in women whose BMI⩽24.13 (<em>p</em>-value for trend=0.03) but not where BMI⩾28.44 (<em>p</em>-value for trend = 0.30). There was some evidence for breast cancer risk reduction with low levels of physical activity by women in the middle weight range.</p></div><div><h3>Authors’ conclusions</h3><p>The risk of breast cancer was reduced in healthy-weight and moderately overweight women who undertake increased amounts of low intensity physical activity after menopause. Regular vigorous activity at age 35 was linked to breast cancer risk reduction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100512,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 69-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71823465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

High alcohol and low folate intake increases risk of major chronic disease in women 高酒精和低叶酸摄入会增加妇女患主要慢性疾病的风险

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2004.02.007

L. Mennen

引用次数: 2

Oestrogen plus progestin significantly improves bone mineral density and reduces risk of fracture 雌激素加黄体酮可显著改善骨密度，降低骨折风险

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2004.02.004

B. Tengstrand

引用次数: 0

Surgical patients are at lower risk of death in hospitals with more degree-educated nurses 在护士学历较高的医院，外科病人的死亡风险较低

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2004.02.002

M. Callahan

引用次数: 2

Smoking is a major cause of premature death worldwide 吸烟是全世界过早死亡的一个主要原因

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2004.02.006

A. Gavin

引用次数: 9

The whispered voice test detects hearing impairment in adults and children, but needs to be standardised 这种耳语测试可以检测成人和儿童的听力障碍，但需要标准化

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.009

Diane L Sabo PhD,CCC-A (Commentary Author)

引用次数: 3

Persistent and relapsed wheezing is associated with sensitivity to domestic allergens, gender and smoking status 持续和复发的喘息与对国内过敏原的敏感性、性别和吸烟状况有关

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.013

Theresa Guilbert MD (Commentary Author)

{"title":"Persistent and relapsed wheezing is associated with sensitivity to domestic allergens, gender and smoking status","authors":"Theresa Guilbert MD (Commentary Author)","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>How common and persistent is childhood asthma? What risk factors are associated with persistence and relapse into adulthood?</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Population-based study using New Zealand birth cohort from 1972 to 1973.</p></div><div><h3>Main results</h3><p>From childhood to 26 years, 14.5% of participants reported persistent wheezing and 12.4% episodic wheezing; 72.6% reported wheezing at some stage. Participants with persistent or relapsing wheezing were more sensitive to house dust mites and cat allergen, had more hyper-responsive airways and lower lung-function (see Table 1).<span><div><div><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Table 1</strong> Odds ratio (univariate analysis) for factors contributing to wheezing at 26 years compared to all other study members (except those who never reported wheezing).</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Persistent wheezing</td><td>Relapsed wheezing</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>OR</td><td>95% CI</td><td>OR</td><td>95% CI</td></tr><tr><td>Airway hyper-responsiveness (PC20 or BDR) at 9 years</td><td>4.32</td><td>2.64 to 7.06</td><td>6.82</td><td>3.89 to 11.95</td></tr><tr><td>Airway hyper-responsiveness (PC20≤8mg/ml) at 9 to 15 years</td><td>4.24</td><td>2.64 to 6.79</td><td>6.93</td><td>4.07 to 11.77</td></tr><tr><td>Airway hyper-responsiveness (PC20≤8mg/ml or BDR) up to 21 years</td><td>4.13</td><td>2.59 to 6.59</td><td>7.22</td><td>4.29 to 12.17</td></tr><tr><td>Positive skin test for house dust mite allergen at 13 years</td><td>3.38</td><td>2.12 to 5.37</td><td>4.17</td><td>2.49 to 7.01</td></tr><tr><td>Positive skin test for cat allergen at 13 years</td><td>2.81</td><td>1.65 to 4.79</td><td>3.27</td><td>1.78 to 6.03</td></tr><tr><td>Smoking at 21 years</td><td>2.05</td><td>1.30 to 3.24</td><td>1.84</td><td>1.11 to 3.04</td></tr><tr><td>Age at onset of wheezing</td><td>0.97</td><td>0.94 to 1.01</td><td>0.87</td><td>0.83 to 0.91</td></tr><tr><td>PC<sub>20</sub>=concentration of methacholine causing a 20% decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1s; BDR=increase from baseline in the forced expiratory volume in 1s to a bronchodilator.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></span></p></div><div><h3>Authors’ conclusions</h3><p>Childhood asthma is common. In about one in four people it persists to adulthood. Persistence and relapse are associated with airway hyper-responsiveness, allergen sensitivity, reduced lung function and smoking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100512,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 92-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71822416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individuals born in the USA in the year 2000 have a 1 in 3 risk of contracting diabetes mellitus in their lifetime 2000年出生在美国的人一生中患糖尿病的风险为1 / 3

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.018

Chittaranjan S Yajnik MD (Commentary Author)

引用次数: 0

Ethics consultations reduce time and procedures in intensive care 伦理咨询减少了重症监护的时间和程序

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.010

Lawrence J Nelson PhD, JD (Commentary Author)

{"title":"Ethics consultations reduce time and procedures in intensive care","authors":"Lawrence J Nelson PhD, JD (Commentary Author)","doi":"10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Question</h3><p>What effect do ethics consultations have on number of life-sustaining treatments and length of stay in intensive care units?</p></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><p>Randomised controlled trial.</p></div><div><h3>Main Results</h3><p>There were no differences in mortality between groups. In people who died in hospital, ethics consultation significantly reduced the number of days spent in intensive care and hospital (−1.44 days in intensive care, <em>p</em>=0.03; −2.95 days in hospital, <em>p</em>=0.01; −1.7 days on ventilation, <em>p</em>=0.03). Among people surviving to discharge, there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between groups (<em>p</em>>0.05). At least 80% of people interviewed during follow-up (including patients or family members and healthcare professionals) indicated that ethics consultations were helpful and would recommend them to others.</p></div><div><h3>Authors’ Conclusions</h3><p>Ethics consultations reduced length of stay in intensive care by people who did not survive to discharge, but did not alter outcomes for survivors. The consultations were well received by healthcare professionals, patients and their family members.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100512,"journal":{"name":"Evidence-based Healthcare","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 63-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ehbc.2004.02.010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71823466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Supervised prescription of methadone plus heroin is more effective than methadone alone 在监督下，美沙酮联合海洛因比单独使用美沙酮更有效

Evidence-based Healthcare Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2004.02.017

M. Lapeyre-Mestre

引用次数: 3