Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical最新文献_第5页

Polychlorinated biphenyls in dated sediments of Milwaukee Harbour, Wisconsin, USA 美国威斯康辛州密尔沃基港年代沉积物中的多氯联苯

Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-148X(86)90011-X

E.R. Christensen, C.-K. Lo

{"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyls in dated sediments of Milwaukee Harbour, Wisconsin, USA","authors":"E.R. Christensen, C.-K. Lo","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90011-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90011-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A sediment core from Milwaukee Harbour was dated by the Pb-210 and Cs-137 methods and analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The mass sedimentation rate of 1·10 g cm−2 year−1 was significantly higher than for Lake Michigan. The Cs-137 inventory of 162·9 dpm cm−2 was 11·7 times higher than that calculated from atmospheric deposition data. There was a significant degree of PCB pollution in the sediments, as evidenced by the fact that the PCB flux was 596 times higher than the average atmospheric input to Lake Michigan. The vertical distribution of PCBs in the relatively undisturbed core followed the available national sales records (1957–1974) remarkably well. In addition, there was a sharp drop in layers from the late 1970s which would be expected in view of the recent curtailment of PCB usage and production. Relatively high levels of Aroclor 1254 point to local electrical component manufacturers. Several users of hydraulic fluids and lubricants containing PCBs have probably also contributed to the increased levels in the harbour sediments.</div>","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"12 3","pages":"Pages 217-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90011-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76472683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

The effect of river water on phytotoxicity of Ba, Cd and Cr 河水对Ba、Cd、Cr植物毒性的影响

Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-148X(86)90023-6

Wuncheng Wang

引用次数: 40

Adsorption of select phenol derivatives by dolomite 白云石对苯酚衍生物的吸附

Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-148X(86)90029-7

B.A. Hudson-Baruth, M.G. Seitz

{"title":"Adsorption of select phenol derivatives by dolomite","authors":"B.A. Hudson-Baruth, M.G. Seitz","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90029-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90029-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the behaviour of six phenols: 4-chloro-m-cresol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, pentachlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, in dolomite aquifers. The phenols are toxic, persistent in aquatic environments, and used widely in the chemical and manufacturing industry. Dolomite aquifers are common sources of water in many parts of the country.The experimental results are that, with the exception of the chlorinated phenols, little, if any, of the phenols adsorb onto dolomite at temperatures of 5° and 22°C and at concentrations from 0·1 to 10 mg litre−1. Pentachlorophenol adsorbs most strongly, with as much as 22% adsorbing from groundwater onto dolomite. No processes of phenol degradation were detected in the experiments, with some experiments lasting 21 days. Thus, phenols dispersed in an area where they can leach and contaminate dolomite groundwater aquifers would pose a threat to human health and the environment. In contrast to dolomite, chemical sorbents strongly adsorb the phenols and could be used for groundwater cleanup.</div>","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90029-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80756598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Distribution coefficients for nickel and zinc in soils 土壤中镍和锌的分布系数

Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-148X(86)90047-9

M.R. Reddy, S.J. Dunn

{"title":"Distribution coefficients for nickel and zinc in soils","authors":"M.R. Reddy, S.J. Dunn","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90047-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90047-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Distribution coefficients (Kd) indicate the capability of a soil to retain a solute and also the extent of its movement in a solution phase. The purpose of the study was to determine Kd values for the heavy metals Ni and Zn in soils, in order to evaluate the ability of different soils to retain the metals. Batch equilibrium experiments on Ni and Zn were conducted to obtain adsorption isotherms, Kd values and distribution curves for Ni and Zn, with six concentrations of test solutions and three soils. Ni and Zn adsorption increased significantly as the concentration of the cation increased in the test solution. The range of Kd values for Zn and Ni was 140–684 and 152–388 ml g−1, respectively, for the soils investigated. The Mecklenburg clay, with high cation-exchange capacity (CEC), gave high Kd values for both Ni and Zn. There was no consistent relationship between the Kd values and soil pH and organic matter. The distribution curves for Ni and Zn showed negative correlation between solution concentration of Ni and Zn and Kd values. The results of this study indicate better retardation of Zn as compared to Ni by the soils.</div>","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"11 4","pages":"Pages 303-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90047-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78612787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 81

Edaphic properties of fly ash from A coal-fired power plant at Kanpur, India 印度坎普尔燃煤电厂粉煤灰的土壤特性

Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-148X(86)90032-7

L.C. Mishra, K.N. Shukla

引用次数: 11

Pesticide and PCB levels in the eggs of shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis and cormorant P. carbo from Ireland 爱尔兰凤头鹎和鸬鹚卵中农药和多氯联苯的含量

Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-148X(86)90003-0

James G. Wilson, John J. Earley

{"title":"Pesticide and PCB levels in the eggs of shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis and cormorant P. carbo from Ireland","authors":"James G. Wilson, John J. Earley","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90003-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90003-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Shag and cormorant eggs were collected from three sites off the east, south-east and south coasts of Ireland and the pesticide and PCB levels determined by gas chromatography.Of the pesticides, pp-DDT, pp-DDE, op-DDE, lindane, dieldrin, endrin, α-BHC, α-chlordane, oxychlordane, heptachlor, hept-epoxide and quintogen were detected, while op-DDT, op-DDD, aldrin, endosulphan-1, endosulphan-2, endosulphate, methoxychlor, β-BHC and γ-chlordane were not found. PCB levels were an order of magnitude greater than those of the pesticides, but levels of all substances were, in general, rather low, and it is concluded that organochlorine contamination is not at present a serious problem in the Irish marine environment.There were few interspecific differences in concentrations of individual pesticides, and there was no significant difference in levels of total pesticides or total organochlorines.In general, the highest levels were found at the site off the east coast, and there was a significant inter-site difference in total pesticides, while the difference in PCBs was very close to significance at P = 0·05.The overall evidence suggested that these levels did not cause either lethal or sublethal (egg-shell thinning) effects.</div>","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 15-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90003-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91682664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Methodological investigations into low technology monitoring of atmospheric metal pollution: Part 3—The degree of replicability of the metal concentrations 大气金属污染低技术监测的方法学研究。第3部分:金属浓度的可复制程度

Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-148X(86)90050-9

F.A.Y. Gailey, O.Ll. Lloyd

{"title":"Methodological investigations into low technology monitoring of atmospheric metal pollution: Part 3—The degree of replicability of the metal concentrations","authors":"F.A.Y. Gailey, O.Ll. Lloyd","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90050-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90050-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Methodological investigations were undertaken to determine the replicability of the concentrations of metals in a number of low technology samplers. Most of these samplers were subsequently used for the main monitoring survey of atmospheric metal pollution in Armadale, an industrial town in central Scotland. The indigenous samplers included Hypnum (moss), Lecanora (lichen), Agropyron (grass) and surface soils. The transplanted samplers included spherical moss bags (acid washed), Hypogymnia (lichen) and tak (synthetic fabric). Other samplers were added for purposes of comparison: translated flat moss bags (acid washed), another two types of spherical moss bag (fresh moss and water washed), dead Hypogymnia and a fruticose lichen.Of the low technology samplers selected for use in the main monitoring survey, all except the surface soils gave concentrations of most metals that were well within an acceptable range of variability. However, metals such as Cr and Ni, which were present in low concentrations, showed values which were significantly less replicable than those of the other metals.Of the comparison samplers, the flat moss bags, water-washed spherical moss bags and the dead Hypogymnia gave very replicable concentrations of metals; the fresh moss bags and the fruticose lichens gave the least consistent metal values.</div>","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"12 2","pages":"Pages 85-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90050-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83586912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Increases in extractable sulphate following soil submergence with water, dilute sulphuric acid or acid rain 土壤被水、稀硫酸或酸雨浸没后可提取硫酸盐增加

Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-148X(86)90017-0

Wendy Nevell, M. Wainwright

{"title":"Increases in extractable sulphate following soil submergence with water, dilute sulphuric acid or acid rain","authors":"Wendy Nevell, M. Wainwright","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90017-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90017-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A marked increase in the concentration of LiCl-extractable sulphate occurred when samples of two acid brown earth soils (one from a site exposed to heavy atmospheric pollution and the other from a relatively unpolluted site) were waterlogged in the laboratory with either deionized water, dilute sulphuric acid (pH 4·0) or acid rain (pH 3·8). The greatest increases in sulphate concentration occurred in the heavily polluted soils. However, no similar increases were found when two neutral loam soils were waterlogged. The pH of the brown earths increased on waterlogging, while soil Eh fell, but only slowly. Sulphate reduction eventually occurred in the brown earths following most treatments, resulting in a decrease in sulphate concentration. No free H2S was evolved under these conditions, however. The acid rain treatment had the same effect as dilute sulphuric acid and deionized water on sulphate transformations in these woodland soils. The increases in the concentration of LiCl-extractable sulphate which occur when brown earths are waterlogged appear to result from a combination of organic sulphur mineralisation and increased desorption of adsorbed sulphate.</div>","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 301-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90017-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88620175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Spatial and seasonal variation of lead in Cairo atmosphere 开罗大气中铅的空间和季节变化

Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-148X(86)90024-8

Esmat A. Ali, M.M. Nasralla, A.A. Shakour

引用次数: 13

The distribution and geochemistry of lead in river sediments, Christchurch, New Zealand 新西兰克赖斯特彻奇市河流沉积物中铅的分布及地球化学特征

Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0143-148X(86)90010-8

Nigel G. Purchase, Jack E. Fergusson

引用次数: 13