{"title":"Radioactivity in silt from the River Lea, England","authors":"L. R. Day, H. Zumpe","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90007-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90007-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"57 1","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86582009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toxicity tests of aquatic pollutants by using common duckweed","authors":"Wuncheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90028-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90028-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to develop a phytoassay procedure using common duckweed. The results suggest that the assay is simple, sensitive and very economical.</p><p>Those substances evaluated for relative toxicity by the phytoassay included most of the constituents listed in Illinois' general standards for water quality. Based on the duckweed assay, the maximum permissible concentrations of Ba(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), and Se(IV) are lower than the water quality standards. On the other hand, similar limits for B(III), Cr(VI), Cu(II), F(I), Pb(II), Mn(II), SO<sub>4</sub>(II) and phenol are higher than those concentrations stipulated in the water quality standards. For Cl(I) and Zn(II) the limits developed by the phytoassay are equal to the standards.</p><p>The results suggest that duckweed is a promising indicator of aquatic toxicity. Duckweed assay should be further explored so that its value can be evaluated when more data are available.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90028-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90305605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P.C. Onianwa, S.O. Ajayi, O. Osibanjo, A. Egunyomi
{"title":"Sorption and retention of Pb, Cu and Cd ions in three species of mosses used for air pollution studies in Nigeria","authors":"P.C. Onianwa, S.O. Ajayi, O. Osibanjo, A. Egunyomi","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90026-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90026-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The capacities of the mosses <em>Rhacopilopsis trinitensis</em> (C. Muell) Britt.et Dix., <em>Stereophyllum virens</em> Card., and <em>Thuidium gratum</em> (C. Muell) Jaeg. to sorb and retain Pb, Cu and Cd ions from solution were studied. All the species showed very high capacities to sorb these metal ions from single-ion as well as mixed-ion solutions. Ca and Mg ions were most readily released from the moss tissues on sorption of the metal ions. The sorbed metal ions were strongly retained in the moss tissues, but may be significantly leached out by strongly acidic solutions. The three species did not differ remarkably in their capacities to sorb and retain the metal ions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 231-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90026-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83410752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metal concentrations in the annual shell layers of the Bivalve Elliptio complanata","authors":"R.M. Dermott, K.R. Lum","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90052-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90052-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Levels of four metals were measured in the shells of <em>Elliptio complanata</em>, collected from three localities in the Great Lakes, having widely different levels of contamination. The levels of ten metals were measured in the outermost shell and overlying periostracum, cut from each of the annual rings of two shells. Zn (unlike Pb) displayed a much greater affinity to the soft tissues than the shell. Levels of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn were significantly higher in the outer periostracum of the shell than in the inorganic prismatic shell layer. In spite of high Pb levels in industrial effluent at one of the locations, inorganic Pb was not deposited in the prismatic shell layer. Metal concentrations in the periostracum did not follow the chronological trends in the prismatic layer. Levels of Al, Fe and Mn decreased with clam age, whereas concentrations of Cu and Zn were greatest during years of fastest growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"12 2","pages":"Pages 131-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90052-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78032123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The woodlouse Porcellio scaber as a ‘biological indicator’ of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper pollution","authors":"S.P. Hopkin, G.N. Hardisty, M.H. Martin","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90045-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90045-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The amounts of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper were determined in the hepatopancreas and whole body of the woodlouse <em>Porcellio scaber</em> (Crustacea, Isopoda) and soil and leaf litter collected from 89 sites in the counties of Avon and Somerset, south-west England. Maps were drawn to compare the regional distribution of concentrations of metals in the samples.</p><p>The main source of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper pollution was centred on Avonmouth to the north-west of Bristol, the site of a primary zinc, lead and cadmium smelting works. Concentrations of all four metals in the hepatopancreas, whole woodlice, soil and leaf litter were above background levels over a large area on all maps which, in the case of cadmium in the hepatopancreas, extended for 25 km to the east of the smelting works.</p><p>The correlation coefficients between the concentrations of each metal in woodlice and soil, and between woodlice and leaf litter, were positive and statistically significant (<em>P</em> < 0·001) in all cases. At individual sites, however, particularly those associated with disused mining areas, rubbish tips or busy roads, the concentrations of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in woodlice could not have been predicted accurately from the levels of metals in leaf litter or soil due to the large scatter of data points along the lines of ‘best fit’.</p><p>Future exercises in pollution monitoring should include analysis of at least one representative of the primary consumers of vegetation to enable the ‘availability’ of metals to the fauna to be reliably assessed. <em>Porcellio scaber</em> is probably the ideal ‘indicator species’ in the UK because it has a strong affinity for zinc, cadmium, lead and copper, is large enough to provide sufficient tissue for analysis, and is common in a wide range of rural and urban habitats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"11 4","pages":"Pages 271-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90045-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75770061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The use of cedar bark in the study of heavy metal contamination in the Nagatsuta area, Japan","authors":"J.T. Nyangababo, Masami Ichikuni","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90025-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90025-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Analysis of cedar bark samples and deposition samples in the Nagatsuta area, Yokohama, Japan, shows that there is contamination by heavy metals, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb, as indicated by enrichment factor values, particularly in the parts adjacent to the highway. It is suggested that motor traffic is the major source. The soil is enriched with respect to these heavy metals by a factor of 2 to 361. It is suggested that this contamination occurs primarily by aerial deposition. A correlation between heavy metal levels and distance from the road was established and a power regression analysis, <em>ln</em> Y = a + B <em>ln</em> X, gave a fit(p < 0.001) indicating an exponential decay function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 211-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90025-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84077613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P.C. Onianwa, S.O. Ajayi, O. Osibanjo, A. Egunyomi
{"title":"Accumulation patterns of heavy metals in forest mosses from the south-west region of Nigeria","authors":"P.C. Onianwa, S.O. Ajayi, O. Osibanjo, A. Egunyomi","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90033-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90033-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The accumulated levels of the metals, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe were determined in forest mosses from south-west Nigeria. Distinct gradients were observed only with Pb and Zn, and a small zone of random contamination with Cu was identified in parts of the east and the south-east. This contamination was possibly a result of the use of copper-based fungicides and pesticides in cocoa farms in the area.</p><p>The levels of the metals are compared with those in forest mosses in some other parts of the world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"11 1","pages":"Pages 67-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90033-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91319887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pesticide and PCB levels in the eggs of shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis and cormorant P. carbo from Ireland","authors":"J. Wilson, J. Earley","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90003-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90003-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"27 10","pages":"15-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91480096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Competitive activated carbon adsorption of phenolic compounds","authors":"E. Knettig, B.M. Thomson, S.E. Hrudey","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90016-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90016-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Competitive adsorption, by activated carbon, of phenolic compounds from 2- and 3-solute mixtures was studied. Phenols with 2 or 3 chlorine substituents (2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) were strongly adsorbable and adsorbed preferentially to 2-chlorophenol, phenol and m-cresol. Data generally fit Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The dichloro- and trichlorophenols adsorbed more strongly than predicted by the Polanyi-based model when in competition with other phenolics. The cumulative adsorption capacities for the mixtures containing all phenolic compounds were lower than those for individual compounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 281-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90016-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90724923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water quality index: Application in the Warri River, Nigeria","authors":"Austin B.M. Egborge , Jolomi Benka-Coker","doi":"10.1016/0143-148X(86)90004-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90004-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The seasonal variations in the water quality indices of dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity, total solids, nitrates, phosphates, hydrogen-ion concentration (pH), temperature and faecal coliforms of the Warri River at five sampling points were investigated from July 1981 to July 1982.</p><p>With respect to nitrate and phosphate levels, the waters are oligotrophic and therefore excellent throughout the period of investigation. Water quality indices for hydrogen-ion concentration (pH) and temperature also showed that the waters were medium to good from month to month. However, water quality indices for dissolved oxygen, turbidity and total solids revealed a seasonal effect on these parameters, although the waters were generally medium to good. With respect to faecal coliforms, however, there was a longitudinal gradient whereby the waters deteriorated from Udu Bridge (near the source) to Warri, where they are very polluted as a result of indiscriminate disposal of human wastes into the river.</p><p>The application of the weighted mean index to all nine parameters showed the Warri River waters to be medium to good. The immediate source of pollution in the Warri River is sewage, rather than industrial.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100484,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 27-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0143-148X(86)90004-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91682663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}